Socio-ecological perspectives of Himalayan Giant Nettle (Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis) in Nepal

References

• Barakoti, T., and K. Shrestha. 2008. Commercial utilization of ‘Allo’ (Girardinia diversifolia) by the Rais of Sankhuwasabha for income generation. Banko Janakari 18 (1):18–24. doi:10.3126/banko.v18i1.2162.
   Google Scholar
• Chanysi, H. G. 2011. A resource manual on ‘Allo’ cultivation, conservation, processing, weaving and market management. Kathmandu: Shree Manjushree press.
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan, S., S. Bahti, and M. Juyal. 2013. Value chain solutions to bridge the rural urgan divide in Uttarkhand India. India: GIZ-RED Programme, Uttarakhand, Sustainable Economic Development.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, C. J., Q. Lin, I. Friis, C. M. Wilmot-Dear, and A. K. Monro. 2003. Urticaceae. Flora of China 5:76–189.
   Google Scholar
• Deokota, R., and R. B. Chhetri. 2009. Traditional knowledge on wild fiber processing of ‘Allo’ in Bhedetar of Sunsari District, Nepal. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 5 (1):136–42. doi:10.3126/kuset.v5i1.2853.
   Google Scholar
• Dougal, M. C. 1973. Structure and division in Kulung Rai society. Kailash 1:205–24.
   Google Scholar
• Dunsmore, J. 1998. Microenterprise development: Traditional skills and the reduction of poverty in highland Nepal. Himalaya, Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies 18 (2):22–27.
   Google Scholar
• Friis, I. 1981. A synopsis of Girardinia (Urticaceae). Kew Bulletin 36 (1):143–57. doi:10.2307/4119014.
   Google Scholar
• Garg, N., and K. H. Saggu. 2017. Mapping and profile of Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) units in Uttrakhand. International Journal of Home Science 3 (1):146–49.
   Google Scholar
• Gurung, A., H. Flanigan., A. Ghimeray., R. Karki., R. Bista., and O. P. Gurung. 2012. Traditional knowledge of processing and use of the himalayan giant nettle (Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis) among the Gurungs of Sikles, Nepal. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 10:167–74. doi:10.17348/era.10.0.167-174.
   Google Scholar
• Lanzilao, G., P. Goswami, and R. S. Blackburn. 2016. Study of the morphological characteristics and physical properties of Himalayan giant nettle (Girardinia diversifolia L.) fibre in comparison with European nettle (Urtica dioicaL.) fibre. Materials Letters 181:200–03. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2016.06.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malla, B., D. P. Gauchan, and R. B. Chhetri. 2014. Medico-ethnobotanical investigations in Parbat district of Western Nepal. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 8 (2):95–108. doi:10.5897/JMPR2013.5228.
   Google Scholar
• Manandhar, N. P. 2002. Plants and people of Nepal. Portland: Timber press.
   Google Scholar
• MEDEP (Micro-Enterprise Development Programme). 2010. Value chain based approach to micro-enterprise development: Value chain analysis-’Allo’. Value chain analysis series. Bakhundole, Lalitpur. http://medep.org.np/epanel/publication/docs/Value%20Chain%20Analysis.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Miehe, G., C. A. Pendry, and R. Chaudhary. 2015. Nepal: An introduction to the natural history, ecology and human environment of the Himalayas. Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
   Google Scholar
• Pun, Y. B. 2011. Indigenous knowledge on ‘Allo’ management, a study on Chhantyal community of Mayadhi District. Lalitpur: Social Inclusion Research Fund (SIRF) SNV.
   Google Scholar
• Redman, C. L., M. J. Grove., and H. L. Kuby. 2004. Integrating social science into the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network: Social dimensions of ecological change and ecological dimensions of social change. Ecosystems 7 (2):161–71. doi:10.1007/s10021-003-0215-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha, B. 1994. Dye-Yielding Plants of Nepal. Kathmandu: Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University.
   Google Scholar
• Shrestha, R., and T. Hoshion. 1998. Karyomorphological studies in Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis (Urticaceae) collected from Nepal. Journal of Japanese Botany 73 (3):125–27.
   Google Scholar
• Silva, F. A., N. Chawla., and R. D. T. Filho. 2008. Tensile behavior of high performance natural (sisal) fibers. Composites Science and Technology 68:3438–43. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S. C., and R. Shrestha. 1984. Investigation on under-exploited plant fibers of Nepal. Kathmandu: Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology. Tribhuvan University.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, S. C., and R. Shrestha. 1988. Girardinia diversifolia (Urticaceae), a non-conventional fiber resource in Nepal. Economic Botany 42 (3):445–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Specht, M. J., S. R. R. Pinto., P. U. Albuquerque., M. Tabarelli., and F. P. L. Melo. 2015. Burning biodiversity: Fuelwood harvesting causes forest degradation in human-dominated tropical landscapes. Global Ecology and Conservation 3:200–09. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2014.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subedee, B. R., R. P. Chaudhary, T. Dorji, and A. J. Shrestha. 2017a. Indigenous and local knowledge of conservation and sustainable use of Himalayan Giant Nettle (Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friss) in Eastern and Far-Western Regions of Nepal. In Knowing our lands and resources, eds. M. Karki, R. Hill, W. Alangui, K. Ichikawa, and P. Bridgewater, 191–98. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Subedee, B. R., R. P. Chaudhary, and K. R. Shrestha. 2017b. Use of Rocket stove for firewood savings and carbon emission reductions by the households involved in Allo (Girardinia diversifolia) fiber processing at Khar VDC, Darchula District, Nepal. International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research 2:28–35.
   Google Scholar
• Summerscales, J., N. P. J. Dissanayake, S. A. Virk, and W. Hall. 2010. A review of bast fibers and their composites. Part 1-Fibers as reinforcements. Composites: Part A 41:1329–35. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turin, M. 2003. Ethnobotanical notes on Thangmi plant names and their medicinal and ritual uses. CNAS Journal 30:19–52.
   Google Scholar
• Uniyal, B., and V. Shiva. 2005. Traditional Knowledge on medicinal plants among rural women of the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 4 (3):259–66.
   Google Scholar
• Zomer, R., and K. P. Oli, eds. 2011. Kailash sacred landscape conservation initiative – Feasibility assessment report. Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
   Google Scholar