Replacing stitching and weaving in natural fiber reinforcement manufacturing, part 2: mechanical behavior of flax fiber composite laminates

References

• Andersons, J., E. Spārniņš, R. Joffe, and L. Wallström. 2005. Strength distribution of elementary flax fibres. Composites Science and Technology 65(3):693–702. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourmaud, A., C. Morvan, and C. Baley. 2010. Importance of fiber preparation to optimize the surface and mechanical properties of unitary flax fiber. Industrial Crops and Products 32(3):662–67. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuinat-Guerraz, N., M.-J. Dumont, and P. Hubert. 2016. Environmental resistance of flax/bio-based epoxy and flax/polyurethane composites manufactured by resin transfer moulding. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 88:140–47. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicker, M. P. M., P. F. Duckworth, A. B. Baker, G. Francois, M. K. Hazzard, and P. M. Weaver. 2014. Green composites: A review of material attributes and complementary applications. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 56:280–89. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.10.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittenber, D. B., and H. V. S. GangaRao. 2012. Critical review of recent publications on use of natural composites in infrastructure. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 43(8):1419–29. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.11.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faruk, O., and M. Sain. 2014. Biofiber reinforcements in composite materials: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Goutianos, S., and T. Peijs. 2003. The optimisation of flax fibre yarns for the development of high-performance natural fibre composites. Advanced Composites Letters 12(6):237–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goutianos, S., T. Peijs, B. Nystrom, and M. Skrifvars. 2006. Development of flax fibre based textile reinforcements for composite applications. Applied Composite Materials 13(4):199–215. doi:10.1007/s10443-006-9010-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habibi, M., Laperriere, L., Lebrun, G., & Toubal, L. (2017). Combining short flax fiber mats and unidirectional flax yarns for composite applications: effect of short flax fibers on biaxial mechanical properties and damage behaviour. Composites Part B: Engineering, 123, 165–178. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.023.
   Google Scholar
• Habibi, M., Lebrun, G., & Laperrière, L. (2017). Experimental characterization of short flax fiber mat composites: tensile and flexural properties and damage analysis using acoustic emission. Journal of Materials Science, 52(11), 6567–6580. doi:10.1007/s10853-017-0892-1.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, M., J. Carpenter, and C. Hill. 2007. Deformation and fracture behaviour of flax fibre reinforced thermosetting polymer matrix composites. Journal of Materials Science 42(7):2499–511. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-1027-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koronis, G., A. Silva, and M. Fontul. 2013. Green composites: A review of adequate materials for automotive applications. Composites Part B: Engineering 44(1):120–27. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ku, H., H. Wang, N. Pattarachaiyakoop, and M. Trada. 2011. A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 42(4):856–73. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.01.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Mantia, F. P., and M. Morreale. 2011. Green composites: A brief review. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 42(6):579–88. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.01.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Duigou, A., A. Kervoelen, A. Le Grand, M. Nardin, and C. Baley. 2014. Interfacial properties of flax fibre–Epoxy resin systems: Existence of a complex interphase. Composites Science and Technology 100:152–57. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.06.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, S., P. B. Gning, and L. Guillaumat. 2012. A comparative study of fatigue behaviour of flax/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites. Composites Science and Technology 72(5):535–43. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.01.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, S., P.-B. Gning, and L. Guillaumat. 2014. Properties evolution of flax/epoxy composites under fatigue loading. International Journal of Fatigue 63:36–45. doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.01.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q., and M. Hughes. 2008. The fracture behaviour and toughness of woven flax fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 39(10):1644–52. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.07.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, H., Li. Y., & Wang, D. (2014). Investigations of fiber twist on the mechanical properties of sisal fiber yarns and their composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 33(7), 687–696. doi:10.1177/0731684413520187.
   Google Scholar
• Madsen, B., P. Hoffmeyer, A. B. Thomsen, and H. Lilholt. 2007. Hemp yarn reinforced composites – I. Yarn characteristics. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 38(10):2194–203. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahboob, Z., I. E. Sawi, R. Zdero, Z. Fawaz, and H. Bougherara. 2017. Tensile and compressive damaged response in Flax fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 92, 118–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oksman, K. 2001. High quality flax fibre composites manufactured by the resin transfer moulding process. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 20(7):621–27. doi:10.1177/073168401772678634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, S., Baets, J., Lessard, L., Hubert, P., & Verpoest, I. (2013). Characterization of flax/epoxy prepregs before and after cure. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 32(11), 777–785. doi:10.1177/0731684412473359 .
   Google Scholar
• Pil, L., F. Bensadoun, J. Pariset, and I. Verpoest. 2016. Why are designers fascinated by flax and hemp fibre composites? Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 83:193–205. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, Y., and R. J. Farris. 2000. A modeling and experimental study of the influence of twist on the mechanical properties of high‐performance fiber yarns. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 77(9):1938–49. doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20000829)77:9<1938::AID-APP9>3.0.CO;2-D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, D. U., P. J. Schubel, and M. J. Clifford. 2012. Modelling the effect of yarn twist on the tensile strength of unidirectional plant fibre yarn composites. Journal of Composite Materials 47(4):425–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, D. U., P. J. Schubel, and M. J. Clifford. 2013. Can flax replace E-glass in structural composites? A small wind turbine blade case study. Composites Part B: Engineering 52:172–81. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.04.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sliseris, J., L. Yan, and B. Kasal. 2016. Numerical modelling of flax short fibre reinforced and flax fibre fabric reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 89:143–54. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.11.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Weyenberg, I., J. Ivens, A. De Coster, B. Kino, E. Baetens, and I. Verpoest. 2003. Influence of processing and chemical treatment of flax fibres on their composites. Composites Science and Technology 63(9):1241–46. doi:10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00093-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, L., N. Chouw, and K. Jayaraman. 2014. Flax fibre and its composites – A review. Composites Part B: Engineering 56:296–317. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, L., S. Shen, and N. Chouw. 2015. Microstructure, flexural properties and durability of coir fibre reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with flax FRP composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 80:343–54. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.06.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar