A New Approach for Conversion of Eucalyptus Lignocellulosic Biomass into Cellulose Nanostructures: A Method that Can Be Applied in Industry

References

• Alves, L., B. Medronho, F. E. Antunes, M. P. Fernández-García, J. Ventura, J. P. Araújo, A. Romano, and B. Lindman. 2015. Unusual extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from cellulose derivatives. Journal of Molecular Liquids 210:106–12. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2014.12.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barradas, C., G. Pinto, B. Correia, B. B. Castro, A. J. L. Phillips, and A. Alves. 2018. Drought X disease interaction in eucalyptus globulus under neofusicoccum eucalyptorum infection. Plant Pathology 67:87–96. doi:10.1111/ppa.12703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, D., Y. Wen, L. Wang, A. Xingye, X. Zhu, and N. Yonghao. 2015. Adsorption of polyethylene glycol (PEG) onto cellulose nano-crystals to improve its dispersity. Carbohydrate Polymers 123:157–63. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CS, C. J., N. George, and S. K. Narayanankutty. 2016. Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibrils from arecanut husk fibre. Carbohydrate Polymers 142:158–66. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuilty, R., L. Karla, E. Ballinas-Casarrubias, R. D. S. Miguel, J. de Gyves, J. C. Robles-Venzor, and G. González-Sánchez. 2018. Cellulose recovery from Quercus Sp. sawdust using ethanosolv pretreatment. Biomass and Bioenergy 111 (September 2016):114–24. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.02.004.
   Google Scholar
• Daltin, D. 2011. Tensoativos: Química, Propriedades E Aplicações. São Paulo: Blucher. doi:541.34514.
   Google Scholar
• Domingues, A. A., F. V. Pereira, M. Rita, O. J. Rojas, and D. F. S. Petri. 2016. Interfacial properties of cellulose nanoparticles obtained from acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Cellulose Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/s10570-016-0965-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, F. V., M. Mariano, S. C. Rabelo, R. F. Gouveia, and L. M. F. Lona. 2018. Isolation and surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals from sugarcane bagasse waste: from a micro- to a nano-scale view. Applied Surface Science 436:1113–22. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBÁ. 2017. Anuário Estatístico Da Indústria Brasileira de Árvore - 2017. Indústria Brasileira De Árvores. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
   Google Scholar
• Ilyas, R. A., S. M. Sapuan, and M. R. Ishak. 2017. Isolation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from sugar palm fibres (Arenga Pinnata). Carbohydrate Polymers Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johar, N., I. Ahmad, and A. Dufresne. 2012. Extraction, preparation and characterization of cellulose fibres and nanocrystals from rice husk. Industrial Crops and Products 37 (1):93–99. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.12.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalita, E., B. K. Nath, F. Agan, V. More, and P. Deb. 2015. Isolation and characterization of crystalline, autofluorescent, cellulose nanocrystals from saw dust wastes. Industrial Crops and Products 65:550–55. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Q., W. Lin, L. Tang, S. Wang, X. Chen, and B. Huang. 2014a. A mechanochemical approach to manufacturing bamboo cellulose nanocrystals. Journal of Materials Science 50 (2):611–19. doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8620-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu,, Q. lin, L. R. Tang, S. Wang, B. Huang, Y. D. Chen, and X. R. Chen. 2014b. An investigation on the characteristics of cellulose nanocrystals from pennisetum sinese. Biomass and Bioenergy 70:267–72. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.09.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maheswari, C. U., K. Obi Reddy, E. Muzenda, B. R. Guduri, and A. Varada Rajulu. 2012. Extraction and Characterization of cellulose microfibrils from agricultural residue E cocos nucifera L . Biomass and Bioenergy 46:555–63. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.06.039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariano, M., N. Kissi, and A. Dufresne. 2016. Structural reorganization of CNC in injection-molded CNC/PBAT materials under thermal annealing. Langmuir 32 (39):10093–103. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascheroni, E., R. Rampazzo, M. A. Ortenzi, G. Piva, S. Bonetti, and L. Piergiovanni. 2016. Comparison of cellulose nanocrystals obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis and ammonium persulfate, to be used as coating on flexible food-packaging materials. Cellulose 23 (1):779–93. Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/s10570-015-0853-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohaiyiddin, M. S., O. H. Lin, W. T. Owi, C. H. Chan, C. H. Chia, S. Zakaria, A. R. Villagracia, and H. M. Akil. 2016. Characterization of nanocellulose recovery from elaeis guineensis frond for sustainable development. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18 (8):2503–12. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/s10098-016-1191-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Movva, M., and R. Kommineni. 2017. Extraction of cellulose from pistachio shell and physical and mechanical characterisation of cellulose-based nanocomposites. Materials Research Express 4 (4):045014. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aa6863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oksman, K., J. A. Etang, A. P. Mathew, and M. Jonoobi. 2011. Cellulose nanowhiskers separated from a bio-residue from wood bioethanol production. Biomass and Bioenergy 35 (1):146–52. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.08.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parize, D., D. da Silva, J. E. de Oliveira, T. Williams, D. Wood, R. D. J. Avena-Bustillos, A. P. Klamczynski, G. M. Glenn, J. M. Marconcini, and L. H. C. Mattoso. 2017. Solution blow spun nanocomposites of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystals from eucalyptus kraft pulp. Carbohydrate Polymers 174:923–32. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, B. L. C., A. D. C. O. Carneiro, A. M. M. L. Carvalho, J. L. Colodette, A. C. Oliveira, and M. P. F. Fontes. 2013. Influence of chemical composition of eucalyptus wood on gravimetric yield and charcoal properties. BioResources 8 (3):4574–92. http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_08_3_4574_Pereira_Eucalyptus_Gravimetric_Yield.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phanthong, P., G. Guan, M. Yufei, X. Hao, and A. Abudula. 2016. Effect of ball milling on the production of nanocellulose using mild acid hydrolysis method. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 60:617–22. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2015.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi Kord, S. M., R. J. Brown, T. Tsuzuki, and T. J. Rainey. 2016. A comparison of cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibres extracted from bagasse using acid and ball milling methods. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7 (3). doi: 10.1088/2043-6262/7/3/035004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, M. M., S. Vivekanandhan, S. K. B. Manjusri Misra, and A. K. Mohanty. 2013. Biobased plastics and bionanocomposites: Current status and future opportunities. Progress in Polymer Science 38 (10–11):1653–89. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, M. S., M. Villalobos, and E. D. Cranston. 2017. Benchmarking cellulose nanocrystals: From the laboratory to industrial production. Langmuir 33 (7):1583–98. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal, L., J. J. Creely, A. E. Martin, and C. M. Conrad. 1959. An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer. Textile Research Journal 29 (10):786–94. doi:10.1177/004051755902901003.
   Google Scholar
• Syverud, K., G. Chinga-Carrasco, J. Toledo, and P. G. Toledo. 2011. A comparative study of eucalyptus and pinus radiata pulp fibres as raw materials for production of cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydrate Polymers 84 (3):1033–38. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, X. Y., S. B. A. Hamid, and C. W. Lai. 2015. Preparation of high crystallinity cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by ionic liquid solvolysis. Biomass and Bioenergy 81:584–91. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.08.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonoli, G. H. D., E. M. Teixeira, A. C. Corrêa, J. M. Marconcini, L. A. Caixeta, M. A. Pereira-Da-Silva, and L. H. C. Mattoso. 2012. Cellulose micro/nanofibres from eucalyptus kraft pulp: Preparation and properties. Carbohydrate Polymers 89 (1):80–88. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar