Industrial Hemp—an Old but Versatile Bast Fiber Crop

References

• Ajuwon, O. R., B. S. Bada, and O. O. Olujimi. 2010. Growth and antioxidative responses to excess cadmium in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 19 (19):2637–43.
   Google Scholar
• Albert, C. M., K. Oh, W. Whang, J. E. Manson, C. U. Chae, M. J. Stampfer, W. C. Willett, and F. B. Hu. 2005. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease. Circulation 112 (21):3232–38. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.572008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amaducci, S., D. Scordia, F. H. Liu, Q. Zhang, H. Guo, G. Testa, and S. L. Cosentino. 2015. Key cultivation techniques for hemp in Europe and China. Industrial Crops and Products 68:2–16. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, Q., C. Zhang, K. Chen, H. Pan, and R. Guo. 2012. 大麻籽粕对仔猪生产性能和血液理化指标的影响[Effects of supplementation with dietary hempseed meal on growth performance, blood biochemical indices for piglets]. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici 33 (3):37–41.
   Google Scholar
• Balčiūnas, G., J. Žvironaitė, S. Vėjelis, A. Jagniatinskis, and S. Gaidučis. 2016. Ecological, thermal and acoustical insulating composite from hemp shives and sapropel binder. Industrial Crops and Products 91:286–94. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.06.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbera, L., M. Pelach, I. Perez, J. Puig, and P. Mutje. 2011. Upgrading of hemp core for papermaking purposes by means of organosolv process. Industrial Crops and Products 34 (1):865–72. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benelli, G., R. Pavela, G. Lupidi, M. Nabissi, R. Petrelli, S. L. Ngahang Kamte, L. Cappellacci, D. Fiorini, S. Sut, S. Dall’Acqua et al. 2018a. The crop-residue of fiber hemp cv. Futura 75: From a waste product to a source of botanical insecticides. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(11):10515–25. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-0635-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benelli, G., R. Pavela, R. Petrelli, L. Cappellacci, G. Santini, D. Fiorini, S. Sut, S. Dall’Acqua, A. Canale, and F. Maggi. 2018b. The essential oil from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products as an effective tool for insect pest management in organic crops. Industrial Crops and Products 122:308–15. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berndes, G., M. Hoogwijk, and R. Van Den Broek. 2003. The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: A review of 17 studies. Biomass & Bioenergy 25 (1):1–28. doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00185-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blessing, E. M., M. M. Steenkamp, J. Manzanares, and C. R. Marmar. 2015. Cannabidiol as a potential treatment for anxiety disorders. Neurotherapeutics 12 (4):825–36. doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, J. K., and J. Bohlmann. 2019. Terpenes in Cannabis sativa – From plant genome to humans. Plant Science 284:67–72. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bran, M., S. Olaru, and I. Dobre. 2017. Flax, hemp and cotton plants in Romania - a study for reconsideration of the textile industry. Industria Textila 68 (3):186–92. doi:10.35530/IT.068.03.1403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burczyk, H., L. Grabowska, J. Kolodziej, and M. Strybe. 2008. Industrial hemp as a raw material for energy production. Journal of Industrial Hemp 13 (1):37–48. doi:10.1080/15377880801898717.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, S., D. Paquin, J. D. Awaya, and Q. X. Li. 2002. Remediation of benzo a pyrene and chrysene-contaminated soil with industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa). International Journal of Phytoremediation 4 (2):157–68. doi:10.1080/15226510208500080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, K., X. Wang, Y. Zhao, Y. Sun, Y. Jiang, C. Han, X. Zhang, X. Han, and Y. Guo. 2019. 中国工业大麻品种选育研究进展[The research progress on the breeding of industrial hemp varieties in China]. Plant Fiber Sciences in China 41 (4):187–92.
   Google Scholar
• Carus, M. (2017). China rediscovers hemp. Retrieved from http://news.bio-based.eu/chinarediscovers-hemp
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, X., G. Deng, Y. Su, J. J. Liu, Y. Yang, G. H. Du, Z. Y. Chen, and F. H. Liu. 2016. Protein mechanisms in response to NaCl-stress of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive industrial hemp based on iTRAQ technology. Industrial Crops and Products 83:444–52. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkea, R. C., and M. D. Merlin. 2016. Cannabis domestication, breeding history, present-day genetic diversity, and future prospects. Critical Reviews in Palnt Sciences 35 (5–6):293–327. doi:10.1080/07352689.2016.1267498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifton-Brown, J. C., J. Breuer, and M. B. Jones. 2007. Carbon mitigation by the energy crop, Miscanthus. Global Change Biology 13 (11):2296–307. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, P. A., and J. Sharfstein. 2019. The opportunity of CBD – Reforming the law. The New England Journal of Medicine 381 (4):297–99. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1906409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corroon, J., and R. Kight. 2018. Regulatory status of Cannabidiol in the United States: A perspective. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 3 (1):190–94. doi:10.1089/can.2018.0030.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costa, B. 2007. On the pharmacological properties of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Chemistry & Biodiversity 4 (8):1664–77. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozma, A., S. Andrei, A. Pintea, D. Miere, L. Filip, F. Loghin, and A. Ferlay. 2016. Effect of hemp seed oil supplementation on plasma lipid profile, liver function, milk fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A concentrations in Carpathian goats. Czech Journal of Animal Science 60 (7):289–301. doi:10.17221/8275-CJAS.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crippa, J. A., A. W. Zuardi, G. E. Garrido, L. Wichert-Ana, R. Guarnieri, L. Ferrari, P. M. Azevedo-Marques, J. E. Hallak, P. K. McGuire, and G. Filho Busatto. 2004. Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on regional cerebral blood flow. Neuropsychopharmacology 29 (2):417–26. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielewicz, D., and B. Surma-Slusarska. 2006. Oxygen delignification of high-kappa number pine kraft pulp. Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 14 (2):89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielewicz, D., and B. Surma-Slusarska. 2010. Processing of industrial hemp into papermaking pulps intended for bleaching. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe 18 (6):110–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, L., E. Liu, A. Saeed, D. W. Williams, H. Hu, C. Li, A. E. Ray, and J. Shi. 2017. Industrial hemp as a potential bioenergy crop in comparison with kenaf, switchgrass and biomass sorghum. Bioresource Technology 244:641–49. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Petrocellis, L., D. Melck, T. Bisogno, and V. Di Marzo. 2000. Endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides in cancer, inflammation and related disorders. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 108 (1):191–209. doi:10.1016/S0009-3084(00)00196-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirbas, A. 2007. Progress and recent trends in biofuels. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 33 (1):1–18. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2006.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devi, V., and S. Khanam. 2019. Study of ω-6 linoleic and ω-3 α-linolenic acids of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction: CCD optimization. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 7 (1):102818. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2018.102818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devinsky, O., A. D. Patel, E. A. Thiele, M. H. Wong, R. Appleton, C. L. Harden, S. Greenwood, G. Morrison, K. Sommerville, and G. P. A. S. Group. 2018. Randomized, dose-ranging safety trial of cannabidiol in Dravet syndrome. Neurology 90 (14):e1204–e1211. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000005254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devinsky, O., J. H. Cross, L. Laux, E. Marsh, I. Miller, R. Nabbout, I. E. Scheffer, E. A. Thiele, and S. Wright; G. Cannabidiol in Dravet Syndrome Study. 2017. Trial of cannabidiol for drug-resistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome. The New England Journal of Medicine 376 (21):2011–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1611618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingha, B., L. Sandler, A. Bhowmik, C. Akotsen-Mensah, L. Jackai, K. Gibson, and R. Turco. 2019. Industrial hemp knowledge and Interest among North Carolina Organic farmers in the United States. In Sustainability, 11, 911(9), 2691. doi:10.3390/su11092691.
   Google Scholar
• Duque Schumacher, A. G., S. Pequito, and J. Pazour. 2020. Industrial hemp fiber: A sustainable and economical alternative to cotton. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268 268:122180. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA. 2011. Scientific opinion on the safety of hemp (Cannabis genus) for use as animal feed. EFSA Journal 9(3):2011. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2190.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA. 2015. Scientific opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in milk and other food of animal origin. EFSA Journal 13(6):4141. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farag, M. M. 2008. Quantitative methods of material substitution: Application to automotive components. Materials & Design 29 (2):374–80. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnan, J., and D. Styles. 2013. Hemp: A more sustainable annual energy crop for climate and energy policy. Energy Policy 58:152–62. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.02.046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorini, D., A. Molle, M. Nabissi, G. Santini, G. Benelli, and F. Maggi. 2019. Valorizing industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products: Cannabidiol enrichment in the inflorescence essential oil optimizing sample pre-treatment prior to distillation. Industrial Crops and Products 128:581–89. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, K., E. F. Hessel, and H. F. A. Van Den Weghe. 2008. Generation of airborne particles from different bedding materials used for horse keeping. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 28 (7):408–18. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2008.05.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galasso, I., R. Russo, S. Mapelli, E. Ponzoni, I. M. Brambilla, G. Battelli, and R. Reggiani. 2016. Variability in seed traits in a collection of Cannabis sativa L. genotypes. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:688. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Tejero, I. F., V. H. Durán Zuazo, C. Sánchez-Carnenero, A. Hernández, C. Ferreiro-Vera, and S. Casano. 2019. Seeking suitable agronomical practices for industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation for biomedical applications. In Industrial crops and products, 139: 111524. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111524.
   Google Scholar
• Garlipp, F., E. F. Hessel, M. Van Den Hurk, M. F. Timmerman, and H. F. A. Van Den Weghe. 2010. The influence of a particle separation technology on the generation of airborne particles from different roughages and bedding materials used for horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 30 (10):545–59. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2010.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibb, D. J., M. A. Shah, P. S. Mir, and T. A. McAllister. 2005. Effect of full-fat hemp seed on performance and tissue fatty acids of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85 (2):223–30. doi:10.4141/A04-078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glivar, T., J. Eržen, S. Kreft, M. Zagožen, A. Čerenak, B. Čeh, and E. Tavčar Benković. 2020. Cannabinoid content in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties grown in Slovenia. In Industrial crops and products, 145: 112082. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112082.
   Google Scholar
• Grijó, D. R., G. K. Piva, I. V. Osorio, and L. Cardozo-Filho. 2019. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil extraction with pressurized n-propane and supercritical carbon dioxide. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 143:268–74. doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2018.09.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hänninen, T., A. Thygesen, S. Mehmood, B. Madsen, and M. Hughes. 2012. Mechanical processing of bast fibres: The occurrence of damage and its effect on fibre structure. Industrial Crops and Products 39:7–11. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.01.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, J., and Z. Liu. 2011. 大麻芯秆烧碱-蒽醌法制浆 脱木质素反应历程[Delignification mechanism of hemp core soda-AQ pulping]. China Pulp & Paper (6):14.
   Google Scholar
• Horne, M. R. L. Bast fibres: Hemp cultivation and production. 2020. Chapter 5B In handbook of natural fibres. ed. R. M. Kozłowski and M. Mackiewicz – Talarczyk, Vol. 1 2nd ed. 163–96. Cambridge, MA:Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, H., H. Liu, and F. Liu. 2018. Seed germination of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars responds differently to the stress of salt type and concentration. Industrial Crops and Products 123:254–61. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J. W., J. Chen, W. R. Berti, and S. D. Cunningham. 1997. Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils: Role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction. Environmental Science & Technology 31 (3):800–05. doi:10.1021/es9604828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idler, C., R. Pecenka, C. Fürll, and H.-J. Gusovius. 2011. Wet processing of hemp: An overview. Journal of Natural Fibers 8 (2):59–80. doi:10.1080/15440478.2011.576089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, K. 1996. Nutritional and medicinal guide to hemp seed.USA: Rain forest botanical laboratory. ISBN-10: 0962563897, ISBN-13: 978-0962563898.
   Google Scholar
• Kane, M. 2000. Getting a problem fiber hemp is at hand. Pulp & Paper International 42 (4):33–35.
   Google Scholar
• Khattab, M. M., and Y. Dahman. 2019. Production and recovery of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate bioplastics using agro-industrial residues of hemp hurd biomass. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 42 (7):1115–27. doi:10.1007/s00449-019-02109-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korus, A., D. Gumul, M. Krystyjan, L. Juszczak, and J. Korus. 2017. Evaluation of the quality, nutritional value and antioxidant activity of gluten-free biscuits made from corn-acorn flour or corn-hemp flour composites. European Food Research and Technology 243 (8):1429–38. doi:10.1007/s00217-017-2853-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostic, M., B. Pejic, and P. Skundric. 2008. Quality of chemically modified hemp fibers. Bioresource Technology 99 (1):94–99. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremensas, A., A. Kairytė, S. Vaitkus, S. Vėjelis, S. Członka, and A. Strąkowska. 2019. The impact of hot-water-treated fibre hemp shivs on the water resistance and thermal insulating performance of corn starch bonded biocomposite boards. Industrial Crops and Products 137:290–99. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunos, G., Z. Járai, S. Bátkai, S. K. Goparaju, E. J. N. Ishac, J. Liu, L. Wang, and J. A. Wagner. 2000. Endocannabinoids as cardiovascular modulators. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 108 (1):159–68. doi:10.1016/S0009-3084(00)00194-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laborel-Préneron, A., C. Magniont, and J.-E. Aubert. 2017. Characterization of barley straw, hemp shiv and corn cob as resources for bioaggregate based building materials. Waste and Biomass Valorization 9 (7):1095–112. doi:10.1007/s12649-017-9895-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laverty, K. U., J. M. Stout, M. J. Sullivan, H. Shah, N. Gill, L. Holbrook, G. Deikus, R. Sebra, T. R. Hughes, J. E. Page. et al. 2018. A physical and genetic map of Cannabis sativa identifies extensive rearrangement at the THC/CBD acid synthase locus. In Genome research29: 146-156. doi:10.1101/gr.242594.118.
   Google Scholar
• Linger, P., J. Mussig, H. Fischer, and J. Kobert. 2002. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) growing on heavy metal contaminated soil: Fibre quality and phytoremediation potential. Industrial Crops and Products 16 (1):33–42. doi:10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00005-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, L., and R. Guo. 2007. 添加大麻籽粕对狄高肉鸡免疫的影响 [Immune effects of hemp seed meal in Tegel Broilers]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University 22 (1):82–86.
   Google Scholar
• Mahajan, S., and N. Tuteja. 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 444 (2):139–58. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark, T. B., and S. Will. 2019. Chapter 7: Economic issues and perspectives for industrial hemp. In Industrial hemp as a modern commodity crop, ed. D. W. Williams, 107–18. Madison: ASA, CSSA, and SSSA.
   Google Scholar
• Matthäus, B., and L. Brühl. 2008. Virgin hemp seed oil: An interesting niche product. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 110 (7):655–61. doi:10.1002/ejlt.200700311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meers, E., S. Van Slycken, K. Adriaensen, A. Ruttens, J. Vangronsveld, G. Du Laing, N. Witters, T. Thewys, and F. M. Tack. 2010. The use of bio-energy crops (Zea mays) for ‘phytoattenuation’ of heavy metals on moderately contaminated soils: A field experiment. Chemosphere 78 (1):35–41. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao, C., L. F. Hui, Z. Liu, and X. Tang. 2014. Evaluation of hemp root bast as a new material for papermaking. Bioresources 9 (1):132–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihoc, M., G. Pop, E. Alexa, and I. Radulov. 2012. Nutritive quality of Romanian hemp varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) with special focus on oil and metal contents of seeds. Chemistry Central Journal 6 (1):122. doi:10.1186/1752-153X-6-122.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mikulec, A., S. Kowalski, R. Sabat, Ł. Skoczylas, M. Tabaszewska, and A. Wywrocka-Gurgul. 2019. Hemp flour as a valuable component for enriching physicochemical and antioxidant properties of wheat bread. LWT – Food Science and Technology 102:164–72. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2018.12.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohanty, A. K., P. Tummala, W. Liu, M. Misra, P. V. Mulukutla, and L. T. Drzal. 2005. Injection molded biocomposites from soy protein based bioplastic and short industrial hemp fiber. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 13 (3):279–85. doi:10.1007/s10924-005-4762-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin-Crini, N., S. Loiacono, V. Placet, G. Torri, C. Bradu, M. Kostić, C. Cosentino, G. Chanet, B. Martel, E. Lichtfouse et al. 2018. Hemp-based adsorbents for sequestration of metals: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 17(1):393–408. doi:10.1007/s10311-018-0812-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mourot, J., and M. J. O. Guillevic. 2015. Effect of introducing hemp oil into feed on the nutritional quality of pig meat. OCL-Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids 22 (6):D612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhtar, T., M. Z. Kayani, and M. A. Hussain. 2013. Nematicidal activities of Cannabis sativa L. and Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. against Meloidogyne incognita. Industrial Crops and Products 42:447–53. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzyczek, M. 2020. The use of flax and hemp for textile applications. Chapter 4. In Handbook of natural fibres, ed. R. M. Kozłowski and M. Mackiewicz – Talarczyk, Vol. 2, 2nd ed., 147–67. Cambridge, MA: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• National Industrial Hemp Council (2020). NIHC becomes first hemp organization officially recognized by USDA foreign agricultural service as MAP partner. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://hempindustrial.com/nihc-receives-usda-market-access-program-map-funding-for-international-research-and-promotion-of-hemp/.
   Google Scholar
• Nayak, S. Y., M. T. H. Sultan, S. B. Shenoy, C. R. Kini, R. Samant, A. U. M. Shah, and P. Amuthakkannan. 2020. Potential of natural fibers in composites for ballistic applications – A review. Journal of Natural Fibers 1–11.doi:10.1080/15440478.2020.1787919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen, L., A. Zatta, I. Stefanini, S. Grandi, B. Sgorbati, B. Biavati, and A. Monti. 2010. Characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of industrial hemp varieties (Cannabis sativa L.). Fitoterapia 81 (5):413–19. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.11.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulou, E., D. Bikiaris, K. Chrysafis, M. Wladyka-Przybylak, D. Wesolek, J. Mankowski, J. Kolodziej, P. Baraniecki, K. Bujnowicz, and V. Gronberg. 2015. Value-added industrial products from bast fiber crops. Industrial Crops and Products 68:116–25. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappu, A., K. L. Pickering, and V. K. Thakur. 2019. Manufacturing and characterization of sustainable hybrid composites using sisal and hemp fibres as reinforcement of poly (lactic acid) via injection moulding. Industrial Crops and Products 137:260–69. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pari, L., P. Baraniecki, R. Kaniewski, and A. Scarfone. 2015. Harvesting strategies of bast fiber crops in Europe and in China. Industrial Crops and Products 68:90–96. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulitz, J., I. Sigmund, B. Kosan, and F. Meister. 2017. Lyocell fibers for textile processing derived from organically grown hemp. Procedia Engineering 200:260–68. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.037.
   Google Scholar
• Pejic, B. M., M. M. Kostic, P. D. Skundric, and J. Z. Praskalo. 2008. The effects of hemicelluloses and lignin removal on water uptake behavior of hemp fibers. Bioresource Technology 99 (15):7152–59. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pejic, B. M., M. M. Vukcevic, I. D. Pajic-Lijakovic, M. D. Lausevic, and M. M. Kostic. 2011. Mathematical modeling of heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Zn2+and Pb2+) biosorption by chemically modified short hemp fibers. Chemical Engineering Journal 172 (1):354–60. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pervaiz, M., and M. M. Sain. 2003. Sheet-molded polyolefin natural fiber composites for automotive applications. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 288 (7):553–57. doi:10.1002/mame.200350002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering, K. L., G. W. Beckermann, S. N. Alam, and N. J. Foreman. 2007. Optimising industrial hemp fibre for composites. Composites. Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing 38 (2):461–68. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.02.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prentout, D., O. Razumova, B. Rhone, H. Badouin, H. Henri, C. Feng, J. Kafer, G. Karlov, and G. A. B. Marais. 2020. An efficient RNA-seq-based segregation analysis identifies the sex chromosomes of Cannabis sativa. Genome Research 30 (2):164–72. doi:10.1101/gr.251207.119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salentijn, E. M. J., Q. Zhang, S. Amaducci, M. Yang, and L. M. Trindade. 2015. New developments in fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) breeding. Industrial Crops and Products 68:32–41. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.08.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schluttenhofer, C., and L. Yuan. 2017. Challenges towards revitalizing hemp: A multifaceted crop. Trends in Plant Science 22 (11):917–29. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2017.08.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahzad, A. 2012. Hemp fiber and its composites – A review. Journal of Composite Materials 46 (8):973–86. doi:10.1177/0021998311413623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siudem, P., I. Wawer, and K. Paradowska. 2019. Rapid evaluation of edible hemp oil quality using NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Journal of Molecular Structure 1177:204–08. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, E. 2007. Cannabis as a source of medicinals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. In Advances in medicinal plant research, ed. S. N. Acharya and J. F. Thomas, 1–39. Trivandrum Kerala: Research Singpost.
   Google Scholar
• Small, E. 2015. Evolution and classification of Cannabis sativa (marijuana, hemp) in relation to human utilization. The Botanical Review (81):189–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, C. S., T. W. Bruulsema, T. L. Jensen, and P. E. Fixen. 2009. Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 133 (3–4):247–66. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soudek, P., S. Petrova, R. Vankova, J. Song, and T. Vanek. 2014. Accumulation of heavy metals using Sorghum sp. Chemosphere 104:15–24. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subratti, A., L. J. Lalgee, and N. K. Jalsa. 2019. Liquified dimethyl ether (DME): A green solvent for the extraction of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil. In Sustainable chemistry and pharmacy, 12: 100144.
   Google Scholar
• Tabari, M. A., A. Khodashenas, M. Jafari, R. Petrelli, L. Cappellacci, M. Nabissi, F. Maggi, R. Pavela, and M. R. Youssefi. 2020. Acaricidal properties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) essential oil against Dermanyssus gallinae and Hyalomma dromedarii. In Industrial crops and products, 147: 112238.
   Google Scholar
• Tauqeer, H. M., S. Ali, M. Rizwan, Q. Ali, R. Saeed, U. Iftikhar, R. Ahmad, M. Farid, and G. H. Abbasi. 2016. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by Alternanthera bettzickiana: Growth and physiological response. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 126:138–46. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele, E. A., E. D. Marsh, J. A. French, M. Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, S. R. Benbadis, C. Joshi, P. D. Lyons, A. Taylor, C. Roberts, K. Sommerville et al. 2018. Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. The Lancet 391(10125):1085–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30136-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, T. G., S. K. Sharma, P. Anand, and B. R. Sharma. 2000. Insecticidal properties of essential oil of Cannabis sativa Linn. against mosquito larvae. Entomon 25 (1):21–24.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B. D., S. W. Sloan, and G. R. Currell. 2019. Novel remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated groundwater using Cannabis Sativa L. (hemp) protein powder. Chemosphere 229:22–31. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USDA. (2020). Hemp seed. Accessed June 23, 2020. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/834920/nutrientsC
   Google Scholar
• Väisänen, T., O. Das, and L. Tomppo. 2017. A review on new bio-based constituents for natural fiber-polymer composites. Journal of Cleaner Production 149:582–96. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Werf, H. M. G. 2004. Life cycle analysis of field production of fibre hemp, the effect of production practices on environmental impacts. Euphytica 140 (1–2):13–23. doi:10.1007/s10681-004-4750-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassilevska-Ivanova, R. 2019. Biology and ecology of genus cannabis genetic origin and biodiversity. In vitro production of cannabinoids. Genetics and Plant Physiology 9 (1–2):75–98.
   Google Scholar
• Verma, R. S., R. C. Padalia, S. K. Verma, A. Chauhan, and M. P. Darokar. 2014. The essential oil of ‘bhang’ (Cannabis sativa L.) for non-narcotic applications. Current Science 107 (4):645–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vukčević, M., B. Pejić, A. Kalijadis, I. Pajić-Lijaković, M. Kostić, Z. Laušević, and M. Laušević. 2014. Carbon materials from waste short hemp fibers as a sorbent for heavy metal ions – Mathematical modeling of sorbent structure and ions transport. Chemical Engineering Journal 235:284–92. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vukcevic, M., A. Kalijadis, M. Radisic, B. Pejic, M. Kostic, Z. Lausevic, and M. Lausevic. 2012. Application of carbonized hemp fibers as a new solid-phase extraction sorbent for analysis of pesticides in water samples. Chemical Engineering Journal 211-212:224–32. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.09.059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Y. Zhao, H. Pang, L. Zhang, and Y. Li. 2016. Grain shape as a predictor of salt tolerance in sunflower. Agronomy Journal 108 (6):2280–88. doi:10.2134/agronj2016.04.0191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. W. 2019. Chapter 2: Hemp Grain. In Industrial hemp as a modern commodity crop, ed. D. W. Williams, 26–36.Madison: ASA, CSSA, and SSSA.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, H., J. Guo, and Y. Cao. 2019. 工业大麻的功能及其副产物在动物生产中的应用[Functions of industrial hemp and its by-products application in animal feed]. Plant Fiber Sciences in China 41 (4):182–86.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. T., and C. S. Mu. 2009. Effects of saline and alkaline stresses on the germination, growth, photosynthesis, ionic balance and anti-oxidant system in an alkali-tolerant leguminous forageLathyrus quinquenervius. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 55 (5):685–97. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2009.00411.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, H., J. Chen, and H. Xiong. 2020. 中国工业大麻种业创新发展策略研究[Research on the innovative development strategies of industrial hemp seed industry in China]. Research of Agricultural Modernization 41 (5):765–71.
   Google Scholar