Energy and Biomass Yield of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as Influenced by Seeding Rate and Harvest Time in Polish Agro-Climatic Conditions

References

• Adesina, I., A. Bhowmik, H. Sharma, and A. Shahbazi. 2020. A review on the current state of knowledge of growing conditions, agronomic soil health practices and utilities of hemp in the United States. Agriculture 10 (4):129. doi:10.3390/agriculture10040129.
   Google Scholar
• Amaducci, S., M. Errani, and G. Venturi. 2002. Plant population effects on fibre hemp morphology and production. Journal of Industrial Hemp 7 (2):33–11. doi:10.1300/J237v07n02_04.
   Google Scholar
• Amaducci, S., D. Scordia, F. H. Liu, Q. Zhang, H. Guo, G. Testa, and S. L. Cosentino. 2015. Key cultivation techniques for hemp in Europe and China. Industrial Crops and Products 68 (June):2–16. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.041.
   Google Scholar
• Bei, P., C. Liwei, and L. Chang. 2012. An experimental study on the burning behavior of fabric used indoor. Procedia Engineering 43:257–61. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.044.
   Google Scholar
• Bentsen, N. S., and C. Felby. 2012. Biomass for energy in the European Union - a review of bioenergy resource assessments. Biotechnology for Biofuels 5 (1):25. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-5-25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beringer, T., W. Lucht, and S. Schaphoff. 2011. Bioenergy production potential of global biomass plantations under environmental and agricultural constraints. GCB Bioenergy 3 (4):299–312. doi:10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01088.x.
   Google Scholar
• Berndes, G., M. Hoogwijk, and R. van den Broek. 2003. The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: A review of 17 studies. Biomass & bioenergy 25 (1):1–28. doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00185-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burczyk, H., L. Grabowska, J. Kołodziej, and M. Strybe. 2008. Industrial hemp as a raw material for energy production. Journal of Industrial Hemp 13 (1):7–48. doi:10.1080/15377880801898717.
   Google Scholar
• Crini, G., E. Lichtfouse, G. Chanet, and N. Morin-Crini. 2020. Applications of hemp in textiles, paper industry, insulation and building materials, horticulture, animal nutrition, food and beverages, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and hygiene, medicine, agrochemistry, energy production and environment: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 18 (5):1451–76. doi:10.1007/s10311-020-01029-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, L., E. Liu, A. Saeed, D. W. Williams, H. Hongqiang, L. Chenlin, A. E. Ray, and J. Shi. 2017. Industrial hemp as a potential bioenergy crop in comparison with kenaf, switchgrass and biomass sorghum. Bioresource Technology 244 (November):641–49. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deleuran, L. C., and P. K. Flengmark. 2006. Yield potential of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars in Denmark. Journal of Industrial Hemp 10 (2):19–31. doi:10.1300/J237v10n02_03.
   Google Scholar
• de Mendiburu, F. 2013. Agricolae: Statistical procedures for agricultural research. R Package Version 1.1-6. CRAN.R-project.org. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=agricolae.
   Google Scholar
• Dorez, G., L. Ferry, R. Sonnier, A. Taguet, and J. -M. Lopez-Cuesta. 2014. Effect of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents on pyrolysis and combustion of natural fibers. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 107 (May):323–31. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2014.03.017.
   Google Scholar
• Edgerton, M. D. 2009. Increasing crop productivity to meet global needs for feed, food, and fuel. Plant Physiology 149 (1):7–13. doi:10.1104/pp.108.130195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernando, A. L., M. Paula Duarte, A. Vatsanidou, and E. Alexopoulou. 2015. Environmental aspects of fiber crops cultivation and use. Industrial Crops and Products 68 (June):105–15. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.003.
   Google Scholar
• Fike, J. 2016. Industrial hemp: Renewed opportunities for an ancient crop. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 35 (5–6):406–24. doi:10.1080/07352689.2016.1257842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorchs, G., J. Lloveras, L. Serrano, and S. Cela. 2017. Hemp yields and its rotation effects on wheat under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Agronomy journal 109 (4):1551–60. doi:10.2134/agronj2016.11.0676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabowska, L., and W. Koziara. 2006. The effect of nitrogen dose, sowing density and time of harvest on development and yields of hemp cultivar Bialobrzeskie. Journal of Natural Fibers 2 (4):1–17. doi:10.1300/J395v02n04_01.
   Google Scholar
• Grabowska, L., M. Rębarz, and M. Chudy. 2009. Breeding and cultivation of industrial hemp in Poland. Herba Polonica 55 (3):328–34.
   Google Scholar
• Haykiri-Acma, H. 2003. Combustion characteristics of different biomass materials. Energy Conversion and Management 44 (1):155–62. doi:10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00200-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain, R., H. Weeden, D. Bogush, M. Deguchi, M. Soliman, S. Potlakayala, R. Katam, S. Goldman, and S. Rudrabhatla. 2019. Enhanced tolerance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants on abandoned mine land soil leads to overexpression of cannabinoids. Ed. Palanisami Thavamani. PLoS One 14 (8):e0221570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. 2014. Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity. RL32725, Washington DC, USA: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service. www.crs.gov
   Google Scholar
• Kalousek, P., P. Schreiber, T. Vyhnánek, V. Trojan, D. Adamcová, and M. Daria Vaverková. 2020. Effect of landfill leachate on the growth parameters in two selected varieties of fiber hemp. International Journal of Environmental Research 14 (2):155–63. doi:10.1007/s41742-020-00249-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin, E., and L. J. Nilsson. 2006. Assessment of the potential biomass supply in Europe using a resource-focused approach. Biomass & bioenergy 30 (1):1–15. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mańkowski, J., J. Kołodziej, K. Pudełko, and R. M. Kozłowski. 2020. Bast fibres: The role of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in remediation of degraded lands. In Handbook of natural fibres, ed, ed. R. M. Kozłowski and M. Mackiewicz-Talarczyk,Vol. 2. 2nd 393–417. Cambridge, MA:Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-12-818782-1.00011-0.
   Google Scholar
• Mark, T. B., and S. Will. 2019. Economic issues and perspectives for industrial hemp. In ASA, CSSA, and SSSA books, ed. D. W. Williams, 107–18. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy Crop Science Society of America Soil Science Society of America. doi:10.2134/industrialhemp.c7.
   Google Scholar
• Muscat, A., E. M. de Olde, I. J. M. de Boer, and R. Ripoll-Bosch. 2020. The battle for biomass: A systematic review of food-feed-fuel competition. Global Food Security 25 (June):100330. doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100330.
   Google Scholar
• Parvez, A. M., J. David Lewis, and M. T. Afzal. 2021. Potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for bioenergy production in Canada: Status, challenges and outlook. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 141 (May):110784. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.110784.
   Google Scholar
• Prade, T., M. Finell, S.E. Svensson, and J. Erik Mattsson. 2012. Effect of harvest date on combustion related fuel properties of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Fuel 102 (December):592–604. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.045.
   Google Scholar
• Prade, T., S.E. Svensson, A. Andersson, and J. Erik Mattsson. 2011. Biomass and energy yield of industrial hemp grown for biogas and solid fuel. Biomass & bioenergy 35 (7):3040–49. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prade, T., S.E. Svensson, and J. Erik Mattsson. 2012. Energy balances for biogas and solid biofuel production from industrial hemp. Biomass & bioenergy 40 (May):36–52. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.045.
   Google Scholar
• Pudełko, K., J. Kołodziej, and J. Mańkowski. 2021. Restoration of mine soil organic matter by cultivation of fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on lignite post-mining areas. Industrial Crops and Products 171 (November):113921. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113921.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2020. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Accessed on May 10, 2022. http://www.R-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Rehman, M. S. U., N. Rashid, A. Saif, T. Mahmood, and J.I. Han. 2013. Potential of bioenergy production from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa): Pakistan perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 18 (February):154–64. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.019.
   Google Scholar
• Rheay, H. T., E. C. Omondi, and C. E. Brewer. 2021. Potential of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for paired phytoremediation and bioenergy production. GCB Bioenergy 13 (4):525–36. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satriani, A., A. Loperte, and S. Pascucci. 2021. The cultivation of industrial hemp as alternative crop in a less-favoured agricultural area in southern Italy: The Pignola case study. Pollutants 1 (3):169–80. doi:10.3390/pollutants1030014.
   Google Scholar
• Struik, P. C., S. Amaducci, M. J. Bullard, N. C. Stutterheim, G. Venturi, and H. T. H. Cromack. 2000. Agronomy of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Europe. Industrial Crops and Products 11 (2/3):107–18. doi:10.1016/S0926-6690(99)00048-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, K., P. C. Struik, X. Yin, D. Calzolari, S. Musio, C. Thouminot, M. Bjelková, V. Stramkale, G. Magagnini, and S. Amaducci. 2017. A comprehensive study of planting density and nitrogen fertilization effect on dual-purpose hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation. Industrial Crops and Products 107 (November):427–38. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.033.
   Google Scholar