169
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Validation of a Solvent-Free Sampler for the Determination of Low Molecular Weight Aliphatic Isocyanates Under Thermal Degradation Conditions

, , &
Pages 456-461 | Published online: 23 Oct 2007

REFERENCES

  • Henriks-Eckerman , M.-L. , Välimaa , J. , Rosenberg , C. , Peltonen , K. and Engström , K. 2002 . Exposure to airborne isocyanates and other thermal degradation products at polyurethane-processing workplaces . J. Environ. Monit. , 4 : 717 – 721 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
  • Karlsson , D. , Dahlin , J. , Skarping , G. and Dalene , M. 2002 . Determination of isocyanates, aminoisocyanates and amines in air formed during the thermal degradation of polyurethane . J. Environ. Monit. , 4 : 216 – 222 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Karlsson , D. , Spanne , M. , Dalene , M. and Skarping , G. 2000 . Airborne thermal degradation products of polyurethane coatings in car repair shops . J. Environ. Monit. , 2 : 462 – 469 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Tinnerberg , H. , Spanne , M. , Dalene , M. and Skarping , G. 1997 . Determination of complex mixtures of airborne isocyanates and amines: Part 3. Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, methylenediphenylamino isocyanate and methylenediphenyldiamine and structural analogues after thermal degradation of polyurethane . Analyst , 122 : 275 – 278 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
  • Sari-Minodier , I. , Charpin , D. , Signouret , M. , Poyen , D. and Vervloet , D. 1999 . Prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to isocyanates . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 41 : 582 – 588 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
  • Raulf-Heimsoth , M. and Baur , X. 1998 . Pathomechanisms and pathophysiology of isocyanate-induced diseases—Summary of present knowledge . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 34 : 137 – 143 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE) . 1997 . Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 1994 , Sheffield, , UK : HSE Books .
  • Pauluhn , J. 1989 . “ A mechanistic approach to assess the inhalation toxicity and hazard of methylisocyanate and related aliphatic monoisocyanates ” . In Assessment of Inhalation Hazards–10, ILSI Monographs , Edited by: Morh , U. pp. 119 – 128 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Boutin , M. , Lesage , J. , Ostiguy , C. and Bertrand , M. J. 2003 . Comparison of EI and metastable atom bombardment ionization for the identification of polyurethane thermal degradation products . J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis , 70 : 505 – 517 . [CROSSREF]
  • Boutin , M. , Lesage , J. , Ostiguy , C. , Pauluhn , J. and Bertrand , M. J. 2004 . Identification of the isocyanates generated during the thermal degradation of a polyurethane car paint . J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis , 71 : 791 – 802 . [CROSSREF]
  • Streicher , R. P. , Kennedy , E. R. and Lorberau , C. D. 1994 . Strategies for the simultaneous collection of vapours and aerosols with emphasis on isocyanate sampling . Analyst , 119 : 89 – 97 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
  • Brenner , K. S. , Dharmarajan , V. and Maddison , P. 2003 . “ Sampling and analysis ” . In MDI & TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment , Edited by: Allport , D. C. , Gilbert , D. S. and Outterside , S. M. pp. 358 – 430 . New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
  • Karlsson , D. , Spanne , M. , Dalene , M. and Skarping , G. 1998 . Determination of complex mixtures of airborne isocyanates and amines: Part 4. Determination of aliphatic isocyanates as dibutylamine derivatives using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry . Analyst , 123 : 117 – 123 . [CROSSREF]
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE) . 1999 . “ Health and Safety Laboratory ” . In Organic Isocyanates in Air , 3rd edition , Sheffield, , UK : HSE Books .
  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) . 2001 . D6562-00 Standard Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) in Air with 9-(N-methylaminomethyl)Anthracene Method (MAMA) in the Workplace , West Conshohocken, Pa. : ASTM .
  • Karlsson , D. , Dalene , M. , Skarping , G. and Marand , A. 2001 . Determination of isocyanic acid in air . J. Environ. Monit. , 3 : 432 – 436 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Karlsson , D. , Dalene , M. and Skarping , G. 1998 . Determination of complex mixtures of airborne isocyanates and amines: Part 5. Determination of low molecular weight aliphatic isocyanates as dibutylamine derivatives . Analyst , 123 : 1507 – 1512 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zweigbergk , P. V. , Lindahl , R. , Östin , A. , Ekman , J. and Levin , J.-O. 2002 . Development of a diffusive sampling method for determination of methyl isocyanate in air . J. Environ. Monit. , 4 : 663 – 666 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • German Institut for Standardisation (DIN) . 1981 . “ DIN 53436: Generation of thermal degradation products of materials under air supply and their toxicological examination. Part I-Degradation apparatus and determination of the test temperature ” . Berlin : DIN .
  • German Institut for Standardisation (DIN) . 1986 . “ DIN 53436: Part II-Procedure for thermal decomposition ” . Berlin : DIN .
  • German Institut for Standardisation (DIN) . 1989 . “ DIN 53436: Part III-Draft-procedure for the toxicological study of the thermal degradation products inhalation ” . Berlin : DIN .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.