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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Volume 4, 2007 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Airborne Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) Concentrations Associated with the Application of Polyurethane Spray Foam in Residential Construction

Jacques Lesage Institut de recherché en sante et en securite du travail, Montreal, Canada
,
Jennifer Stanley Institut de recherché en sante et en securite du travail, Montreal, Canada
,
William J. Karoly Industrial Hygiene Consultant for Huntsman International, LLC, Landenberg, Pennsylvania
&
Fran W. Lichtenberg fwl communications, Fairfield, Connecticut
Pages 145-155 | Published online: 30 Oct 2007

REFERENCES

  • Crespo , J. and Galan , J. 1999 . Exposure to MDI during the process of insulating buildings with sprayed polyurethane foam . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 43 : 415 – 419 .
  • Bilan , R. A. , Haflidson , W. O. and McVittie , D. J. 1989 . Assessment of isocyanate exposure during the spray application of polyurethane foam . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 50 : 303 – 306 .
  • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) . 1998 . Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices , Supplements to the 6th Edition , pp. 1581 – 1586 . Cincinnati, Ohio : ACGIH .
  • Allport , D. C. , Gilbert , D. S. and Outerside , S. M. 2003 . “ Part 3: Health ” . In MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment—A Source Book and Practical Guide. , Chichester, , England : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. .
  • Rubow , K. L. , Marple , V. A. , Olin , J. and McCawley , M. A. 1987 . A personal cascade impactor: Design, evaluation, and calibration . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 48 : 532 – 538 .
  • Streicher , R. P. , Reh , C. M. , Key-Schwartz , R. J. , Schlecht , P. C. , Cassinelli , M. E. and O'Connor , P. F. 2000 . Determination of airborne isocyanate exposure: Considerations in method selection . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 61 : 544 – 556 .
  • Streicher , R. P. , Reh , C. M. , Key-Schwartz , R. J. , Schlecht , P. C. and Cassinelli , M. E. 1994 . “ Determination of airborne isocyanates ” . In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) , 4th Edition , Edited by: Schlecht , P. C. and O'Connnor , P. F. 94 – 113 . Cincinnati, Ohio : DHSS (NIOSH) Publication, NIOSH .
  • Schlecht , P. C. and O'Connnor , P. F. 1994 . “ Method 5521, Isocyanates, Monomeric ” . In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) , 4th Edition , Cincinnati, Ohio : NIOSH .
  • Lesage , J. , Goyer , N. , Desjardins , F. , Vincent , J.-Y. and Perrault , G. 1992 . Workers' exposure to isocyanates . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 53 : 146 – 153 .
  • Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST) . 1993 . “ Method 237-2 ” . In Manual of Analytical Methods , Montreal : IRSST .
  • Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST) . 1993 . “ Method 238 ” . In Manual of Analytical Methods , Montreal : IRSST .
  • Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST) . 1993 . “ Method 345-1 ” . In Manual of Analytical Methods , Montreal : IRSST .
  • American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) . 2004 . 2004 ERPG/WEEL Handbook , Fairfax, Va. : AIHA .
  • Lodge , J. P. and Chan , T. L. 1986 . Cascade Impactor: Sampling and Data Analysis , p. 170 Fairfax, Va. : AIHA .

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