Size Distribution of Airborne Mist and Endotoxin-Containing Particles in Metalworking Fluid Environments

REFERENCES

• Taibjee , S. M. and Foulds , I. S. 2003 . Microorganism-induced skin disease in workers exposed to metalworking fluids . Occup. Med , 53 : 483 – 484 .
   Google Scholar
• Popendorf , W. , Miller , E. R. Sprince , N. L. 1996 . The utility of preliminary surveys to detect the cause of acute metalworking fluid hazards . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 30 : 744 – 749 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien , D. M. 2003 . Aerosol mapping of a facility with multiple cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Demonstration of mist reduction and a possible dose/response relationship . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 18 : 947 – 952 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bukowski , J. A. 2003 . Review of respiratory morbidity from occupational exposure to oil mists . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 18 : 828 – 837 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox , J. , Anderson , H. , Moen , T. , Gruetzmacher , G. , Hanrahan , L. and Fink , J. 1999 . Metal working fluid-associated hypersensitivity pneumonitis: An outbreak investigation and case-control study . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 35 : 58 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) . Criteria for a recommended standard occupational exposure to metalworking fluids . Cincinnati, Ohio: NIOSH, 1998
   Google Scholar
• Sondossi , M. and Rossmoore , H. W. 1985 . Factors affecting regrowth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa following biocide treatment . Lubr. Eng. , 41 : 366 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , D. I. , Lummus , Z. L. , Santilli , G. , Siskosky , J. and Bernstein , I. L. 1995 . Machine operator's lung: A hypersensitivity pneumonitis disorder associated with exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols . Chest , 108 : 636 – 641 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattsby-Baltzer , I. , Sandin , M. Ahlstrom , B. 1989 . Microbial growth and accumulation in industrial metal-working fluids . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 55 : 2681 – 2689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veillette , M. , Thorne , P. S. , Gordon , T. and Duchaine , C. 2004 . Six month tracking of microbial growth in a metalworking fluid after system cleaning and recharging . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 48 : 541 – 546 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virji , M. A. , Woskie , S. R. , Sama , S. R. , Kriebel , D. and Eberiel , D. 2000 . Identifying the determinants of viable microorganisms in the air and bulk metalworking fluids . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 48 : 541 – 546 .
   Google Scholar
• Thorne , P. S. , DeKoster , J. A. and Subramanian , P. 1996 . Environmental assessment of aerosols, bioaerosols, and airborne endotoxins in a machining plant . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 57 : 1163 – 1167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitinen , S. , Linnainmaa , M. , Laitinen , J. , Kiviranta , H. , Reiman , M. and Liesivuori , J. 1999 . Endotoxin and IgG antibodies as indicators of occupational exposure to the microbial contaminants of metal-working fluids . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 72 : 443 – 450 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Górny , R. L. , Szponar , B. , Larsson , L. , Pehrson , C. , Prazmo , Z. and Dutkiewicz , J. 2004 . Metalworking fluid bioaerosols at selected workplaces in a steelworks . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 46 : 400 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woskie , S. R. , Smith , T. J. Hallock , M. F. 1994 . Size-selective pulmonary dose indices for metal-working fluid aerosols in machining and grinding operations in the automobile manufacturing industry . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 55 : 20 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , T. L. , D'Arcy , J. B. and Siak , J. 1990 . Size characteristics of machining fluid aerosols in an industrial metalworking environment . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 5 : 162 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Dasch , J. , D'Arcy , J. , Gundrum , A , Sutherland , J. , Johnson , J. and Carlson , D. 2005 . Characterization of fine particles from machining in automotive plants . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 2 : 609 – 625 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdorster , G. 1996 . Significance of particle parameters in the evaluation of exposure-dose-response relationships of inhaled particles . Inhal. Toxicol. , 8 : 73 – 89 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferin , J , Oberdorster , G. , Penney , D. P. , Soderholm , S. C. , Gelein , R. and Piper , H. C. 1990 . Increased pulmonary toxicity of ultrafine particles? II. Particle clearance, translocation, morphology . J. Aerosol Sci. , 21 : 381 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , H. X. , Reponen , T. , Li , W. , Martuzevicius , D. , Grinshpun , S. A. and Willeke , K. 2005 . Aerosolization of fine particles increases due to microbial contamination of metalworking fluids . J. Aerosol Sci. , 36 : 721 – 734 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reponen , T. , Wang , H. X. and Grinshpun , S. A. 2005 . Effect of microbial contamination of water-based metalworking fluids on the aerosolization of particles and microbial fragments . J. ASTM Int. , 8 : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , H. X. , Reponen , T. , Adhikari , A. , Willeke , K. and Grinshpun , S. A. 2004 . Effect of fluid type and microbial properties on the aerosolization of microorganisms from metalworking fluids . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 38 : 1139 – 1148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willeke , K. , Lin , X. and Grinshpun , S. A. 1998 . Improved aerosol collection by combined impaction and centrifugal motion . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 28 : 439 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , X. , Reponen , T. , Willeke , K. , Grinshpun , S. A. , Foarde , K. K. and Ensor , D. S. 1999 . Long-term sampling of airborne bacteria and fungi into a non-evaporating liquid . Atmos. Environ. , 33 : 4291 – 4298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabian , M. P. , Miller , S. L. , Reponen , T. and Hernandez , M. T. 2005 . Ambient bioaerosol indices for indoor air quality assessments of flood reclamation . J. Aerosol Sci. , 36 : 763 – 783 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma , D. K. , Shaw , D. S. , Shaw , M. L. , Julian , J. A. , McCollin , S.-A. and des Tombe , K. 2005 . An evaluation of analytical methods, air sampling techniques, and airborne occupational exposure of metalworking fluids . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 3 : 53 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kujundzic , E. , Hernandez , M. and Miller , S. L. 2006 . Particle size distributions and concentrations of airborne endotoxin using novel collection methods in homes during the winter and summer seasons . Indoor Air , 16 : 216 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reponen , T. , Willeke , K. , Grinshpun , S. A. and Nevalainen , A. 2001 . “ Biological particle sampling ” . In Aerosol Measurement, Principles, Techniques, and Applications , Edited by: Baron , P. and Willeke , K. 751 – 777 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Górny , R. L. , Dutkiewicz , J. and Krysinska-Traczyk , E. 1999 . Size distribution of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in indoor air . Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. , 6 ( 2 ) : 105 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , D. , Janotka , E. , Whitmer , M. P. and Bledsoe , T. A. 2001 . Detection of microbial antigens in metal working fluids . Int. J. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. , 47 : 89 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) . Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control . Cincinnati, Ohio: ACGIH, 1999
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , A. T. 2003 . Comparison of methods for the measurement of mist and vapor from light mineral oil-based metalworking fluids . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 18 : 865 – 876 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar