A Survey of Airborne and Skin Exposures to Chemicals in Footwear and Equipment Factories in Thailand

REFERENCES

• Buiatti , E. , Cecchini , S. , Ronchi , O. , Dolara , P. and Bulgarelli , G. 1978 . Relationship between clinical and electromyographic findings and exposure to solvents, in shoe and leather workers . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 35 : 168 – 173 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cavalleri , A. and Cosi , V. 1978 . Polyneuritis incidence in shoe factory workers: Cases report and etiological considerations . Arch. Environ. Health , 33 : 192 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyro , F. M. 1978 . Methyl ethyl ketone polyneuropathy in shoe factory workers . Clin. Toxicol. , 13 : 371 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Governa , M. , Calisti , R. , Coppa , G. , Tagliavento , G. , Colombi , A. and Troni , W. 1987 . Urinary excretion of 2,5-hexanedione and peripheral polyneuropathies workers exposed to hexane . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 20 : 219 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perbellini , L. , Brugnone , F. and Gaffuri , E. 1981 . Neurotoxic metabolites of “commercial hexane” in the urine of shoe factory workers . Clin. Toxicol. , 18 : 1377 – 1385 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutti , A. , Cavatorta , A. , Lucertini , S. , Arfini , G. , Falzoi , M. and Franchini , I. 1982 . Neurophysiological changes in workers exposed to organic solvents in a shoe factory . Scand. J. Work, Environ. Health , 8 : 136 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soleo , L. , Coratelli , A. Iacovone , M. T. 1987 . Neurophysiological study of a group of workers exposed to industrial heptane in a rubber shoe factory . Med. Lav. , 78 : 68 – 74 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee , D. H. , Park , I. G. , Kim , J. H. , Lee , Y. H. , Kim , D. and Kang , S. K. 1998 . Neurobehavioral changes in shoe manufacturing workers . Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , 20 : 259 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijem , K. , Kristensen , P. , Al-Khatib , A. , Takrori , F. and Bjertness , E. 2001 . Prevalence of neuropsychiatric and mucous membrane irritation complaints among Palestinian shoe factory workers exposed to organic solvents and plastic compounds . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 40 : 192 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heuser , V. D. , de Andrade , V. M. , da Silva , J. and Erdtmann , B. 2005 . Comparison of genetic damage in Brazilian footwear-workers exposed to solvent-based or water-based adhesive . Mutat. Res. , 583 : 85 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu , H. , Demers , P. A. Costantini , A. S. 1996 . Cancer mortality among shoe manufacturing workers: An analysis of two cohorts . Occup. Environ. Med. , 53 : 394 – 398 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karacic , V. , Skender , L. , Bosner-Cucancic , B. and Bogadi-Sare , A. 1995 . Possible genotoxicity in low level benzene exposure . Am. J Ind. Med. , 27 : 379 – 388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popp , W. , Vahrenholz , C. Yaman , S. 1992 . Investigations of the frequency of DNA strand breakage and cross-linking and of sister chromatid exchange frequency in the lymphocytes of female workers exposed to benzene and toluene . Carcinogenesis. , 13 : 57 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paggiaro , P. , Lastrucci , L. , Di Pede , C. , Bacci , E. , Rossi , O. and Talini , D. 1985 . Respiratory pathology caused by exposure to solvents in the shoe industry: Description of 3 clinical cases . G. Ital. Med. Lav. , 7 : 149 – 152 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akbar-Khanzadeh , F. and Rivas , R. D. 1996 . Exposure to isocyanates and organic solvents, and pulmonary-function changes in workers in a polyurethane molding process . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 38 : 1205 – 1212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redlich , C. A. , Wisnewski , A. V. and Gordon , T. 2002 . Mouse models of diisocyanate asthma . Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. , 27 : 385 – 390 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , V. J. , Matheson , J. M. and Luster , M. I. 2004 . Animal models for diisocyanate asthma: Answers for lingering questions . Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , 4 : 105 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redlich , C. A. and Karol , M. H. 2002 . Diisocyanate asthma: Clinical aspects and immunopathogenesis . Int. Immunopharmacol. , 2 : 213 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meredith , S. K. , Bugler , J. and Clark , R. L. 2000 . Isocyanate exposure and occupational asthma: A case-referent study . Occup. Environ. Med. , 57 : 860 – 836 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemiere , C. , Romeo , P. , Chaboillez , S. , Tremblay , C. and Malo , J. L. 2002 . Airway inflammation and functional changes after exposure to different concentrations of isocyanates . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , 110 : 641 – 646 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saetta , M. , Maestrelli , P. Turato , G. 1995 . Airway wall remodeling after cessation of exposure to isocyanates in sensitized asthmatic subjects . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 151 : 489 – 494 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piirila , P. L. , Nordman , H. Keskinen , H. M. 2000 . Long-term follow-up of hexamethylene diisocyanate-, diphenylmethane diisocyanate-, and toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. , 162 : 516 – 522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padoan , M. , Pozzato , V. Simoni , M. 2003 . Long-term follow-up of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma . Eur. Respir. J. , 21 : 637 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krone , C. A. and Klingner , T. D. 2005 . Isocyanates, polyurethane and childhood asthma . Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. , 16 : 368 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. , Sparer , J. Woskie , S. R. 2000 . Qualitative assessment of isocyanate skin exposure in auto body shops: a pilot study . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 37 : 265 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petsonk , E. L. , Wang , M. L. , Lewis , D. M. , Siegel , P. D. and Husberg , B. J. 2000 . Asthma-like symptoms in wood product plant workers exposed to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate . Chest , 118 : 1183 – 1193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vichit-Vadakan , N. , Ostro , B. Chestnut , L. G. 2001 . Air pollution and respiratory symptoms: results from three panel studies in Bangkok, Thailand . Environ. Health Perspect. , 3 : 381 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2004 . “Air Contaminants,” Code of Federal RegulationsTitle 29, Part 1910.1000
   Google Scholar
• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) . 2007 . Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with Other Worldwide Occupational Exposure Values , Cincinnati , Ohio : ACGIH .
   Google Scholar
• Haddad , S. , Tardif , R. , Viau , C. and Krishnan , K. 1999 . A modeling approach to account for toxicokinetic interactions in the calculation of biological hazard index for chemical mixtures . Toxicol. Lett. , 108 : 303 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad , S. , Beliveau , M. , Tardif , R. and Krishnan , K. 2001 . A PBPK modeling-based approach to account for interactions in the health risk assessment of chemical mixtures . Toxicol. Sci. , 63 : 125 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennison , J. E. , Bigelow , P. L. , Mumtaz , M. M. , Andersen , M. E. , Dobrev , I. D. and Yang , R. S. 2005 . Evaluation of potential toxicity from co-exposure to three CNS depressants (toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene) under resting and working conditions using PBPK modeling . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 2 : 127 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapare , S. , Tardif , R. and Brodeur , J. 1993 . Effect of various exposure scenarios on the biological monitoring of organic solvents in alveolar air. I. Toluene and m-xylene . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 64 : 569 – 580 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pezzagno , G. , Imbriani , M. , Ghittori , S. and Capodaglio , E. 1988 . Urinary concentration, environmental concentration, and respiratory uptake of some solvents: Effect of the work load . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 49 : 546 – 552 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baelum , J. 1990 . Toluene in alveolar air during controlled exposure to constant and to varying concentrations . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 62 : 59 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar