Comparison of Task-Based Exposure Metrics for an Epidemiologic Study of Isocyanate Inhalation Exposures Among Autobody Shop Workers

REFERENCES

• Teschke , K. , Losan , A. F. and Daniela , J. L. 2002 . Occupational exposure assessment in case-control studies: Opportunities for improvement. . Occup. Environ. Med. , 59 : 575 – 594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , A. and Stewart , P. A. 1992 . Do quantitative exposure assessments improve risk estimates in occupational studies of cancer? . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 21 : 53 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Checkoway , H. , Seixas , N. S. and Demers , P. A. 1996 . The influence of occupational exposure assessment on epidemiological inferences. . Occup. Hyg. , X : 7 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Bello , D. , Streicher , R. P. and Woskie , S. R. 2002 . Evaluation of the NIOSH draft method 5525 for determination of the total reactive isocyanate group (TRIG) for aliphatic isocyanates in autobody repair shops. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. . J. Environ. Monit. , 4 ( 3 ) : 351 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bello , D. , Streicher , R. P. , Liu , Y. C. , Sparer , J. , Young , F. and Woskie , S. R. 2002 . Field comparison of impingers and treated filters for sampling of total aliphatic isocyanates with the MAP reagent. . AIHA J. , 63 : 790 – 796 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparer , J. , Stowe , M. H. and Bello , D. 2004 . Isocyanate exposures in autobody shop work: The SPRAY study. . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 1 : 570 – 581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woskie , S. R. , Sparer , J. and Gore , R. J. 2004 . Determinants of isocyanate exposures in auto body repair and refinishing shops. . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 48 ( 5 ) : 393 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. , Sparer , J. and Redlich , C. 2000 . Qualitative assessment of isocyanate skin exposure in autobody shops:A pilot study. . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 37 : 265 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. , Bello , D. , Sparer , J. , Stowe , M. H. , Gore , R. and Woskie , S. R. 2007 . Skin Exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates in the auto body repair and refinishing industry: A qualitative assessment. . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 51 ( 5 ) : 429 – 439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. , Stowe , M. H. , Bello , D. , Woskie , S. R. , Sparer , J. and Gore , R. 2006 . Respiratory protection from isocyanate exposure in the autobody repair and refinishing industry. . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 3 ( 5 ) : 234 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein , J. A. 1996 . Overview of diisocyanate occupational asthma. . Toxicology , 111 ( 1–3 ) : 181 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisnewski , A. V. , Redlich , C. A. , Mapp , C. E. and Bernstein , D. I. 2006 . “ Polyisocyanates and Their Prepolymers ” . In Asthma in the Workplace , Edited by: Bernstein , L. I. , Chan-Yeung , M. , Malo , J.-L. and Bernstein , D. I. 481 – 504 . London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Bello , D. , Woskie , S. R. and Streicher , R. P. 2004 . Polyisocyanates in occupational environments: A critical review of exposure limits and metrics. . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 46 ( 5 ) : 480 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenplas , O. , Cartier , A. and Lesage , J. 1993 . Prepolymers of hexamethylene diisocyanate as a cause of occupational asthma. . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , 91 ( 4 ) : 850 – 861 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenplas , O. , Cartier , A. , Lesage , J. , Perrault , G. , Grammer , L. C. and Malo , J. L. 1992 . Occupational asthma caused by a prepolymer but not the monomer of toluene diisocyanate (TDI). . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , 89 ( 6 ) : 1183 – 1188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redlich , C. A. , Stowe , M. H. and Wisnewski , A. V. 2001 . Subclinical immunologic and physiologic responses in hexamethylene diisocyanate-exposed auto body shop workers. . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 39 ( 6 ) : 587 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2006 . “OSHA Assigned Protection Factors; Final Rule,” . Federal Register , 71 ( 164 ) : 50187 – 50188 . (24 August)
   Google Scholar
• Loomis , D. , Salvan , A. and Kromhout , H. 1999 . Selecting indices of occupational exposure for epidemiologic studies . Occup. Hyg. , 5 : 73 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Dosemeci , M. and Stewart , P. A. 1996 . Recommendations for reducing the effects of exposure misclassification on relative risk estimates. . Occup. Hyg. , 3 : 169 – 176 .
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan , P. A. , Eisen , E. A. , Kriebel , D. , Woskie , S. R. and Odencrantz , J. 1996 . Estimating risk under varying models of occupational exposure . Occup. Hyg. , 3 : 185 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Nicas , M. and Spear , R. C. 1993 . A task-based statistical model of a worker's exposure distribution: Part I—Description of the model. . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 54 : 211 – 220 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nicas , M. and Spear , R. C. 1993 . A task-based statistical model of a worker's exposure distribution: Part II—Application to sampling strategy. . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 54 : 221 – 227 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deadman , J. E. , Church , G. , Bradley , C. , Armstrong , B. G. and Theriault , G. 1997 . Task-based estimation of past exposures to 60-hertz magnetic and electric fields at an electrical utility . Scand. J. Work, Environ. Health , 23 ( 6 ) : 440 – 449 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benke , G. , Sim , M. , Fritschi , L. and Aldred , G. 2000 . Beyond the job exposure matrix (JEM): The task exposure matrix (TEM) . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 44 ( 6 ) : 475 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen , E. 1994 . Analysis of exposure using a logbook method . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 9 : 712 – 722 .
   Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuijsen , M. J. , Gordon , S. and Harris , J. 1995 . Determinants of airborne allergen exposure in an animal house . Occup. Hyg. , 1 : 317 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Alexandersson , R. , Hedenstierna , G. , Plato , N. and Kolmodin-Hedman , B. 1987 . Exposure, lung function, and symptoms in car painters exposed to hexamethylendiisocyanate and biuret modified hexamethylendiisocyanate . Arch. Environ. Health , 42 ( 6 ) : 367 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornling , G. , Alexandersson , R. , Hedenstierna , G. and Plato , N. 1990 . Decreased lung function and exposure to diisocyanates (HDI and HDI-BT) in car repair painters: Observations on re-examination 6 years after initial study . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 17 ( 3 ) : 299 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Health & Safety Executive (HSE) . 1999 . Occupational Exposure Limits 1998 , London : HSE . HSE Environmental Hygiene Guidance Note (EH 40/98)
   Google Scholar
• Petsonk , E. L. , Wang , M. L. , Lewis , D. M. , Siegel , P. D. and Husberg , B. J. 2000 . Asthma-like symptoms in wood product plant workers exposed to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate . Chest , 118 ( 4 ) : 1183 – 1193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrick , C. A. , Xu , L. , Wisnewski , A. V. , Das , J. , Redlich , C. A. and Bottomly , K. 2002 . A novel mouse model of diisocyanate-induced asthma showing allergic-type inflammation in the lung after inhaled antigen challenge . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , 109 ( 5 ) : 873 – 878 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnelly , R. , Buick , J. B. and Macmahon , J. 2004 . Occupational asthma after exposure to plaster casts containing methylene diphenyl diisocyanate . Occup. Med. (Lond) , 54 ( 6 ) : 432 – 434 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bello , D. , Smith , T. J. , Woskie , S. R. , Streicher , R. P. , Wisnewski , A. V. and Redlich , C. A. 2006 . Skin exposure to isocyanates: Reasons for concern . Environ. Health Perspect. , 115 ( 3 ) : 328 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar