673
Views
51
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Measurement of Airborne Bacteria and Endotoxin Generated During Dental Cleaning

, , , , &
Pages 121-130 | Published online: 31 Dec 2008

REFERENCES

  • Crawford , Hurst, C.J., R.L. , Garland , J. L. , Lipson , D. A. , Mills , A. L. and Stetzenbach , L. D. , eds. 2007 . “ Chapter 6 ” . In Manual of Environmental Microbiology , 3rd , Washington , D.C. : American Society for Microbiology .
  • Macher , J. , Willeke , K. , Martinez , K. F. , Morey , P. R. and Martyny , J. 1999 . “ Chapters 1,3,6,11,12 ” . In Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control , Edited by: Chaps , J. Cincinnati , , Ohio : ACGIH® .
  • Miller , R. L. 1976 . Generation of airborne infection …by high speed dental equipment . J. Am. Soc. Prev. Dent , 6 : 14 – 17 .
  • Leggat , P. A. and Kedjarune , U. 2001 . Bacterial aerosols in the dental clinic: A review . Int. Dent. J , 51 : 39 – 44 .
  • Harrel , S. K. 2004 . Airborne spread of disease—The implications for dentistry . J. Calif. Dent. Assoc , 32 : 901 – 906 .
  • Madden , R. M. , Hausler , W. J. Jr and Leaverton , P. E. 1969 . Study of some factors contributing to aerosol production by the air-turbine handpiece . J. Dent. Res , 48 : 341 – 345 .
  • Micik , R. E. , Miller , R. L. , Mazzarella , M. A. and Ryge , G. 1969 . Studies on dental aerobiology. I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures . J. Dent. Res , 48 : 49 – 56 .
  • Miller , R. L. and Micik , R. E. 1978 . Air pollution and its control in the dental office . Dent. Clin. North Am , 22 : 453 – 476 .
  • Kedjarune , U. , Kukiattrakoon , B. , Yapong , B. , Chowanadisai , S. and Leggat , P. 2000 . Bacterial aerosols in the dental clinic: Effect of time, position and type of treatment . Int. Dent. J , 50 : 103 – 107 .
  • Bennett , A. M. , Fulford , M. R. , Walker , J. T. , Bradshaw , D. J. , Martin , M. V. and Marsh , P. D. 2000 . Microbial aerosols in general dental practice . Br. Dent. J , 189 : 664 – 667 .
  • Al Maghlouth , A. , Al Yousef , Y. and Al Bagieh , N. 2004 . Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols . J. Contemp. Dent. Pract , 5 : 91 – 100 .
  • Petti , S. and Tarsitani , G. 1998 . Intra-individual variations of salivary microbial levels in young adults . Eur. J. Oral Sci , 106 : 616 – 622 .
  • Lewis , D. L. and Boe , R. K. 1992 . Cross-infection risks associated with current procedures for using high-speed dental handpieces . J. Clin. Microbiol , 30 : 401 – 406 .
  • Lu , D. P. and Zambito , R. F. 1981 . Aerosols and cross infection in dental practice—A historic view . Gen. Dent , 29 : 136 – 142 .
  • Gross , K. B. , Overman , P. R. , Cobb , C. and Brockmann , S. 1992 . Aerosol generation by two ultrasonic scalers and one sonic scaler. A comparative study . J. Dent. Hyg , 66 : 314 – 318 .
  • Noro , A. , Yanaka , N. and Takahashi , K. 1995 . A study on prevention of hospital infection control caused by tooth preparation dust in the dental clinic. Part 1. Preventive measures against environmental pollution in the dental clinic caused by microbial particles . Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll , 36 : 201 – 206 .
  • Earnest , R. and Loesche , W. 1991 . Measuring harmful levels of bacteria in dental aerosols . J. Am. Dent. Assoc , 122 : 55 – 57 .
  • Clark , A. 1974 . Bacterial colonization of dental units and the nasal flora of dental personnel . Proc. R. Soc. Med , 67 : 1269 – 1270 .
  • Fotos , P. G. , Westfall , H. N. , Snyder , I. S. , Miller , R. W. and Mutchler , B. M. 1985 . Prevalence of Legionella-specific IgG and IgM antibody in a dental clinic population . J. Dent. Res , 64 : 1382 – 1385 .
  • Reinthaler , F. F. , Mascher , F. and Stunzner , D. 1988 . Serological examinations for antibodies against Legionella species in dental personnel . J. Dent. Res , 67 : 942 – 943 .
  • Szymanska , J. 2004 . Risk of exposure to Legionella in dental practice . Ann. Agric. Environ. Med , 11 : 9 – 12 .
  • Mills , S. E. 2000 . The dental unit waterline controversy: Defusing the myths, defining the solutions . J. Am. Dent. Assoc , 131 : 1427 – 1441 .
  • Challacombe , S. J. and Fernandes , L. L. 1995 . Detecting Legionella pneumophila in water systems: A comparison of various dental units . J. Am. Dent. Assoc , 126 : 603 – 608 .
  • Dutil , S. , Tessier , S. and Veillette , M. 2006 . Detection of Legionella spp. by fluorescent in situ hybridization in dental unit waterlines . J. Appl. Bacteriol , 100 : 955 – 963 .
  • Porteous , N. B. , Redding , S. W. and Jorgensen , J. H. 2004 . Isolation of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in treated dental unit waterlines . Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod , 98 : 40 – 44 .
  • Barbeau , J. and Buhler , T. 2001 . Biofilms augment the number of free-living amoebae in dental unit waterlines . Res. Microbiol , 152 : 753 – 760 .
  • Barbeau , J. , Gauthier , C. and Payment , P. 1998 . Biofilms, infectious agents, and dental unit waterlines: A review . Can J Microbio , 44 : 1019 – 1028 .
  • Depaola , L. G. , Mangan , D. and Mills , S. E. 2002 . A review of the science regarding dental unit waterlines . J. Am. Dent. Assoc , 133 : 1199 – 1206 .
  • Singh , R. , Stine , O. C. , Smith , D. L. , Spitznagel , J. K. Jr , Labib , M. E. and Williams , H. N. 2003 . Microbial diversity of biofilms in dental unit water systems . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 69 : 3412 – 3420 .
  • Barbeau , J. , Tanguay , R. and Faucher , E. 1996 . Multiparametric analysis of waterline contamination in dental units . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 62 : 3954 – 3959 .
  • Putnins , E. E. , Giovanni , D. Di and Bhullar , A. S. 2001 . Dental unit waterline contamination and its possible implications during periodontal surgery . J. Periodontol , 72 : 393 – 400 .
  • Wolff , S. M. 1973 . Biological effects of bacterial endotoxins in man . J. Infect. Dis. , 128 ( Suppl ) : 259 – 264 .
  • Gauthier , M.J. 2000 . “ Chapter 7 ” . In Nonculturable Microorganisms in the Environment , Edited by: R.R. , Colwell and D.J. , Grimes . Washington , D.C. : American Society for Microbiology .
  • MacDonell , M. T. and Hood , M. A. 1982 . Isolation and characterization of ultramicrobacteria from a Gulf Coast estuary . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 43 : 566 – 571 .
  • Duchaine , C. , Meriaux , A. , Thorne , P. S. and Cormier , Y. 2000 . Assessment of particulates and bioaerosols in eastern Canadian sawmills . AIHA , 61 : 727 – 732 .
  • Pankhurst , C. L. , Coulter , W. , Philpott-Howard , J. N. , Surman-Lee , S. , Warburton , F. and Challacombe , S. 2005 . Evaluation of the potential risk of occupational asthma in dentists exposed to contaminated dental unit waterlines . Prim. Dent. Car , 12 : 53 – 59 .
  • Scannapieco , F. A. , Ho , A. W. , DiTolla , M. , Chen , C. and Dentino , A. R. 2004 . Exposure to the dental environment and prevalence of respiratory illness in dental student populations . J. Can. Dent. Assoc , 70 : 170 – 174 .
  • Mathew , T. , Casamassimo , P. S. , Wilson , S. , Preisch , J. , Allen , E. and Hayes , J. R. 1998 . Effect of dental treatment on the lung function of children with asthma . J. Am. Dent. Assoc , 129 : 1120 – 1128 .
  • Shreve , W.B. Jr , Hoerman , K. C. and Trautwein , C. A. 1972 . Illness in patients following exposure to dental aerosols . J. Public Health Dent , 32 : 34 – 39 .
  • Shreve , W. B. and Tow , H. D. Jr . 1981 . Bacteriological and serological surveillance of dentists exposed to dental aerosols . Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll , 22 : 151 – 157 .
  • Lacey , J. and Dutkiewicz , J. 1976 . Isolation of Actinomycetes and fungi from mouldy hay using a sedimentation chamber . J. Appl. Bacteriol , 41 : 315 – 319 .
  • Checchi , L. , Montevecchi , M. , Moreschi , A. , Graziosi , F. , Taddei , P. and Violante , F. S. 2005 . Efficacy of three face masks in preventing inhalation of airborne contaminants in dental practice . J. Am. Dent. Assoc , 136 : 877 – 882 .
  • Osorio , R. , Toledano , M. , Liebana , J. , Rosales , J. I. and Lozano , J. A. 1995 . Environmental microbial contamination. Pilot study in a dental surgery . Int. Dent. J , 45 : 352 – 357 .
  • Pagniano , R. P. , Scheid , R. C. , Rosen , S. and Beck , F. M. 1985 . Airborne microorganisms collected in a preclinical dental laboratory . J. Dent. Educ , 49 : 653 – 655 .
  • Grenier , D. 1995 . Quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in two different dental clinic environments . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 61 : 3165 – 3168 .
  • Amann , R. I. , Ludwig , W. and Schleifer , K. H. 1995 . Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation . Microbiol. Rev , 59 : 143 – 169 .
  • Chen , P. S. and Li , C. S. 2005 . Bioaerosol characterization by flow cytometry with fluorochrome . J. Environ. Monit , 7 : 950 – 959 .
  • Timmerman , M. F. , Menso , L. , Steinfort , J. , van Winkelhoff , A. J. and van der Weijden , G.A. 2004 . Atmospheric contamination during ultrasonic scaling . J. Clin. Periodontol , 31 : 458 – 462 .
  • Andersen , A. A. 1958 . New sampler for the collection, sizing, and enumeration of viable airborne particles . J. Bacteriol , 76 : 471 – 484 .
  • Terzieva , S. , Donnelly , J. and Ulevicius , V. 1996 . Comparison of methods for detection and enumeration of airborne microorganisms collected by liquid impingement . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 62 : 2264 – 2272 .
  • Larato , D. C. , Ruskin , P. F. and Martin , A. 1967 . Effect of an ultrasonic scaler on bacterial counts in air . J. Periodontol , 38 : 550 – 554 .
  • Frandsen , E. V. , Pedrazzoli , V. and Kilian , M. 1991 . Ecology of viridans streptococci in the oral cavity and pharynx . Oral Microbiol. Immunol , 6 : 129 – 133 .
  • “Safe Drinking Water Act.” . 2007 . [Online] Available at www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/index.html Accessed August 15, 2007
  • Geldreich , E. E. 1989 . Drinking water microbiology—New directions toward water quality enhancement . Int. J. Food Microbiol , 9 : 295 – 312 .
  • Reasoner , D. J. and Geldreich , E. E. 1985 . A new medium for the enumeration and subculture of bacteria from potable water . Appl. Environ. Microbiol , 49 : 1 – 7 .
  • Furuhashi , M. and Miyamae , T. 1985 . Prevention of bacterial contamination of water in dental units . J. Hosp. Infect , 6 : 81 – 88 .
  • Gross , A. , Devine , M. J. and Cutright , D. E. 1976 . Microbial contamination of dental units and ultrasonic scalers . J. Periodontol , 47 : 670 – 673 .
  • Noce , L. , Giovanni , D. Di and Putnins , E. E. 2000 . An evaluation of sampling and laboratory procedures for determination of heterotrophic plate counts in dental unit waterlines . J. Can. Dent. Assoc , 66 : 262
  • Szymanska , J. 2003 . Biofilm and dental unit waterlines . Ann. Agric. Environ. Med , 10 : 151 – 157 .
  • Szymanska , J. 2005 . Endotoxin level as a potential marker of concentration of Gram-negative bacteria in water effluent from dental units and in dental aerosols . Ann. Agric. Environ. Med , 12 : 229 – 232 .
  • Heederik , D. 1997 . Towards an occupational exposure limit for endotoxins . Ann. Agric. Environ. Med , 4 : 17 – 19 .
  • N. , Goyer , S. , Jarraud , A. , Loy and G. , Marchand , eds. 2001 . “ Robert-Sauvé Research Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (IRSST) ” . In Bioaerosols in the Workplace: Evaluation, Control and Prevention Guide (Technical Guide T-24) , Montreal : IRSST .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.