Advanced search
Publication Cover
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Volume 6, 2009 - Issue 4
Submit an article Journal homepage
432
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Measurements of Airborne Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) Concentration in the U.S. Workplace

Karroll Booth Bayer MaterialScience LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
,
Barbara Cummings Bayer MaterialScience LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
,
William J. Karoly IH Consultant, Landenberg, Pennsylvania
,
Sharon Mullins BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, Michigan
,
William P. Robert BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, Michigan
,
Mark Spence The Dow Chemical Company–EH&S, Midland, Michigan
,
Fran W. Lichtenberg fwl communications, Fairfield, Connecticut
&
J. Banta School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
 show all
Pages 228-238 | Published online: 03 Feb 2009

REFERENCES

  • Allport , D. C. , D.S. , Gilbert and S.M. , Outterside . 2003 . “ Part 3: Health. ” . In MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment—A Source Book and Practical Guide , 168 – 228 . Chichester, UK : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. .
  • “Table Z-1: Limits for Air Contaminants,” . 2004 . Code of Federal Regulations Title 29 Part 1910.1000
  • ACGIH® . 2006 . TLVs® and BEIs: Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices , Cincinnati, , Ohio : ACGIH .
  • Levine , S. P. , K.J. , D. Hillig , Dharmarajan , V. , M.W. , Spence and M.D. , Baker . 1995 . Critical review of methods for sampling, analysis, and monitoring for TDI and MDI . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 56 : 581 – 589 .
  • Allport , D. C. , D.S. , Gilbert and S.M. , Outterside . 2003 . “ Part 5: Supporting sciences ” . In MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment—A Source Book and Practical Guide. , 310 Chichester, U.K. : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. .
  • Center for the Polyurethanes Industry (CPI) of the American Chemistry Council . 2004 . 2004 End-Use Market Survey on the Polyurethane Industry in the United States, Canada, and Mexico , Arlington, Va : Center for the Polyurethanes Industry (CPI) of the American Chemistry Council .
  • Karoly , W. J. , J.J. , Flatley , R.D. , Stevenson and J.D. , Bowers . 2004 . Airborne concentrations of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in North American wood mills during the manufacturing of oriented strand board (OSB) . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 1 : 789 – 798 .
  • Streicher , R. P. , C.M. , Reh , R.J. , Key-Schwartz , P.C. , Schlecht , M.E. , Cassinelli and P.F. , O'Connor . 2000 . Determination of airborne isocyanate exposure: Considerations in method selection . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 61 : 544 – 556 .
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) . 1998 . “ Isocyanates, Method 5522 ” . In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), , Fourth Edition , Cincinnati, , Ohio : NIOSH .
  • Health , a nd . 1994 . “ Safety Executive (HSE) ” . In Organic Isocyanates in Air , London : HSE . (MDHS 25/2)
  • Lesage , J. , Stanley , J. , W.J. , Karoly and F.W. , Lichtenberg . 2007 . Airborne methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) concentrations associated with the application of polyurethane spray foam in residential construction . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 4 : 145 – 155 .
  • Karoly , W.J. 1998 . Stability studies of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) of glass fiber filters . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 59 : 645 – 647 .
  • Randall , D. and Lee , S. 2002 . The Polyurethanes Book , 342 – 344 . Chichester, U.K. : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.