387
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Assessment of Exposure to Pyrethroids and Pyrethrins in a Rural Population of the Montérégie Area, Quebec, Canada

, , , , &
Pages 341-352 | Published online: 20 Mar 2009

REFERENCES

  • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) . 2003 . Toxicological Profile for Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids , Atlanta : U.S. Public Health Service .
  • Valcke , M. , Samuel , O. Bouchard , M. 2006 . Biological monitoring of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides in children living in peri-urban areas of the Province of Quebec, Canada. . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 79 ( 7 ) : 568 – 577 .
  • Heudorf , U. and Angerer , J. 2001 . Metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in urine specimens: current exposure in an urban population in Germany. . Environ. Health. Perspect. , 109 : 213 – 217 .
  • Schettgen , T. , Heudorf , U. , Drexler , H. and Angerer , J. 2002 . Pyrethroid exposure of the general population—Is this due to diet? . Toxicol. Lett. , 134 : 141 – 145 .
  • Bradman , A. , Whitaker , D. Quiros , L. 2007 . Pesticides and their metabolites in the homes and urine of farmworker children living in the Salinas Valley, CA. . J. Exp. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , 17 : 331 – 349 .
  • Becker , K. , Seiwert , M. Angerer , J. 2006 . GerES IV Pilot Study: Assessment of the exposure of German children to organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. . Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , 209 : 221 – 233 .
  • Soderlund , D. M. , Clark , J.M. Sheets , L.P. 2002 . Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk assessment. . Toxicology , 171 : 3 – 59 .
  • Leng , G. , Künh , K.H. and Idel , H. 1997 . Biological monitoring of pyrethroids in blood and pyrethroid metabolites in urine: applications and limitations. . Sci. Total. Environ. , 199 : 173 – 181 .
  • Bouchard , M. , Carrier , G. , Brunet , R.C. , Duma , P. and Noisel , N. 2006 . Biological monitoring of exposure to organophosphorous insecticides in a group of horticultural greenhouse workers. . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 50 ( 5 ) : 505 – 515 .
  • Fortin , M. C. , Bouchard , M. , Carrier , G. and Dumas , P. 2008 . Biological monitoring of exposure to pyrethrins and pyrethroids in a metropolitan population of the Province of Quebec, Canada. . Environ. Res. , 107 : 343 – 350 .
  • Scher , D. P. , Alexander , J.L. Adgate , B.H. 2007 . Agreement of pesticide biomarkers between morning void and 24-h urine samples from farmers and their children. . J. Exp. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , 17 : 350 – 357 .
  • “Apples, Production and Marketing, by Orchard Areas, Quebec, 2004 Picking Season (Production et mise en marché de la pomme, par région pomicole, Québec, récolte 2004).” [Online] Available at http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/filr_bioal/culture/pomme/ak112004.htm (Accessed April, 2, 2006). [Table in French]
  • “Regional Profile of Agricultural Food Industry in Quebec. (Profil régional de l'industrie agroalimentaire au Québec).” [Online] Available at http://www.mapaq.gouv.qc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/1626D5B8-09FB-40B4-8A9C-4E1133D240BD/0/PR16.pdf (Accessed April 15, 2006).
  • “Definitions of “rural” Summary.” [Online] http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rh-sr/paper_f.html (Accessed April 15, 2006).
  • “Municipalities Court List (Répertoire des municipalités).” [Online] Available at http://www.mamr.gouv.qc.ca/ (Accessed April 15, 2006). [In French]
  • Leng , G. , Gries , W. and Selim , S. 2006 . Biomarker of pyrethrum exposure. . Toxicol. Lett. , 62 : 195 – 201 .
  • National Research Council (NRC) . 1993 . Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children , Washington , D.C. : National Academy Press .
  • Lu , C. , Barr , D.B. , Pearson , M. , Bartell , S. and Bravo , R. 2006 . A longitudinal approach to assessing urban and suburban children's exposure to pyrethroid pesticides. . Environ. Health. Perspect. , 114 ( 9 ) : 1419 – 1423 .
  • “Product Information.” [Online] http://pr-rp.pmra-arla.gc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=34,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL (Accessed May 30, 2007).
  • West , P. , Worobee , S. and Solomon , L.M. 1981 . Pharmacology and toxicology of infant skin. . J. Invest. Dermatol. , 76 : 147 – 150 .
  • Woollen , B. H. , Marsh , J.R. , Laird , W.J.D. and Lesser , J.E. 1992 . The metabolism of cypermethrin in man: Differences in urinary metabolite profiles following oral and dermal administration. . Xenobiotica , 22 : 983 – 991 .
  • Belleville , D. , Boudreault , D. and Carrier , G. 1997 . Health Risk Analysis Associated with the Exposure to Organophosphates Used in Orchards of the Montérégie , Quebec City : Government of Quebec . (Analyse des risques à la santé associés à l'exposition aux organophosphorés utilisés dans les vergers de la Montérégie)
  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC) . 2005 . Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. , Atlanta : National Center for Environmental Health .
  • Saieva , C. , Aprea , C. Tumino , R. 2004 . Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of ten pesticide metabolites in healthy adults in two different areas of Italy (Florence and Ragusa). . Sci. Total Environ. , 332 : 71 – 80 .
  • Crawford , M. J. , Croucher , A. and Hutson , D.H. 1981 . Metabolism of cis- and trans cypermethrin in rats. Balance and tissue retention study. . J. Agri. Food Chem. , 29 : 130 – 135 .
  • Gotoh , Y. , Kawakami , M. Matsumoto , N. 1998 . Permethrin emulsion ingestion: Clinical manifestation and clearance of isomers. . Clin. Toxicol. , 36 : 57 – 61 .
  • Eadsforth , C. V. and Baldwin , M.K. 1983 . Human dose-excretion studies with the pyrethroids insecticide cypermethrin. . Xenobiotica , 13 : 67 – 72 .
  • Eadsforth , C. V. , Bragt , P.C. and van Sittert , N.J. 1988 . Human dose-excretion studies with the pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and alphacypermethrin: relevance for biomonitoring. . Xenobiotica , 18 : 603 – 614 .
  • Holmstead , R. L. , Casida , J.E. and Ruzo , L.O. 1977 . “ Photo-chemical reactions of pyrethroid insecticides ” . In Synthetic Pyrethroids , Washington , D.C. : American Chemical Society . (ACS Symposium Series, No. 42)
  • Liu , W. , Gan , J.J. , Lee , S. and Werner , I. 2004 . Isomer selectivity in aquatic toxicity and biodegradation of cypermethrin. . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 52 ( 20 ) : 6233 – 6238 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.