274
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Laboratory Evaluation of a Field-Portable Sealed Source X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer for Determination of Metals in Air Filter Samples

, &
Pages 433-445 | Published online: 22 Apr 2009

REFERENCES

  • U.S. Bureau of the Census . 1998 . Statistical Abstract of the United States , 118th , Washington, D.C. : Bureau of the Census . 1998
  • U.K. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) . 1990 . Assessment of Exposure to Fume from Welding and Allied Processes , London : HSE . Environmental Hygiene Series EH54
  • Ulfvarson , U. and Tech , D. 1981 . Survey of air contaminants from welding . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 7 ( Suppl. 2 ) : 1 – 28 .
  • Moreton , J. 1982 . Assessment of welding fume hazards . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 25 : 421 – 430 .
  • American Welding Society . 1999 . Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes , Miami, Fla : American Welding Society .
  • Bonde , J. P.E. , Olsen , J. H. and Hansen , K. S. 1992 . Adverse pregnancy outcome and childhood malignancy with reference to paternal welding exposure . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 18 : 169 – 177 .
  • Wibowo , A. A.E. 1993 . Health-Based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limit for Arc Welding Fume Particles not Containing Chromium and Nickel , Den Haag, , Netherlands : SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie .
  • Offermann , P. V. and Finley , C. J. 1992 . Metal fume fever . Ann. Emerg. Med. , 21 : 872 – 875 .
  • Mueller , E. J. and Seger , D. L. 1985 . Metal fume fever—A review . J. Emerg. Med. , 2 : 271 – 274 .
  • Tojima , H. , Ando , T. , Kishikawa , H. and Tokudome , T. 1998 . A welder with chemical pneumonitis caused by inhalation of zinc fume . Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi , 36 ( 4 ) : 394 – 398 . In Japanese
  • Seidal , K. , Jorgensen , N. , Elinder , C. G. , Sjogren , B. and Vahter , M. 1993 . Fatal cadmium-induced pneumonitis . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 19 : 429 – 431 .
  • Barnhart , S. and Rosenstock , L. 1984 . Cadmium chemical pneumonitis . Chest , 86 : 789 – 791 .
  • Hansen , K. S. , Lauritsen , J. M. and Skytthe , A. 1996 . Cancer incidence among mild steel and stainless steel welders and other metal workers . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 30 : 373 – 382 .
  • Lauritsen , J. M. and Hansen , K. S. 1996 . Lung cancer mortality in stainless steel and mild steel welders: A nested case-referent study . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 30 : 383 – 391 .
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) . 1994 . “ Method 7300 ” . In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) , 4th DHHS Pub. No. 98–119
  • Narayana , D. S.S. , Sundarajan , A. R. , Manjula , B. , Kumari , S. C. Vijaya and Subramanian , V. 1995 . Chemical characteristics of stainless steel welding fumes . J. Aerosol Sci. , 26 ( Suppl. 1 ) : S531 – S532 .
  • Lautner , G. M. , Carver , J. C. and Konzen , R. B. 1978 . Measurement of chromium VI and chromium III in stainless steel welding fumes with electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and neutron activation analysis . Am. J. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 39 : 651 – 660 .
  • Malmqvist , K. G. , Johansson , G. , Bohgard , M. Akselsson , K. R. 1986 . “ Process-dependent characteristics of welding fume particles ” . In Health Hazards and Biological Effects of Welding Fumes and Gases , Edited by: Stern , R. M. 31 – 46 . Amsterdam : World Health Organization, Excerpta Medica .
  • Kobayashi , M. Tsutsumi , S. 1986 . “ Investigation on crystalline materials in welding fumes of covered electrodes ” . In Health Hazards and Biological Effects of Welding Fumes and Gases , Edited by: Stern , R. M. 77 – 80 . Amsterdam : World Health Organization, Excerpta Medica .
  • Grekula , A. , Peura , R. Sivonen , S. J. 1986 . “ Quantitative energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of welding fumes ” . In Health Hazards and Biological Effects of Welding Fumes and Gases , Edited by: Stern , R. M. 85 – 88 . Amsterdam : World Health Organization, Excerpta Medica .
  • Dzubay , T. G. 1977 . X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Environmental Samples , Ann Arbor, Mich. : Ann Arbor Science .
  • Potts , P. J. , Webb , P. C. and Williams-Thorpe , O. 1995 . Analysis of silicate rocks using field-portable x-ray fluorescence instrumentation incorporating a mercury iodide detector: A preliminary assessment of analytical performance . Analys , 120 : 1273 – 1278 .
  • Swift , R. P. 1995 . Evaluation of a field-portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry method for use in remedial activities . Spectroscopy , 10 ( 6 ) : 31 – 35 .
  • Choe , K. T. , Trunov , M. , Menrath , W. , Succop , P. and Grinshpun , S. A. 2002 . Relationship between lead levels on painted surfaces and percent lead in the particles aerosolized during lead abatement . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 17 : 573 – 579 .
  • Driscoll , J. N. , Wood , C. , Powell , T. and Askew , J. Scott . 1994 . An extractive x-ray fluorescence method for field screening lead paint sites . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 9 : 206 – 211 .
  • Bero , B. N. , von Braun , M. C. , Knowles , C. R. and Hammel , J. E. 1993 . The use of X-ray fluorescence to detect lead contamination of carpeted surfaces . Environ. Monit. Assess. , 27 : 17 – 33 .
  • Potts , P. J. , Ramsey , M. H. and Carlisle , J. 2002 . Portable x-ray fluorescence in the characterization of arsenic contamination associated with industrial buildings at a heritage arsenic work site near Redruth, Cornwall, UK . J. Environ. Monit. , 4 ( 6 ) : 1017 – 1024 .
  • Reames , G. and Lance , L. L. 2002 . Childhood lead poisoning investigations: Evaluating a portable instrument for testing soil lead . J. Environ. Health , 64 ( 8 ) : 25 – 13 .
  • Clark , S. , Menrath , W. , Chen , M. , Roda , S. and Succop , P. 1999 . Use of a field portable x-ray fluorescence analyzer to determine the concentration of lead and other metals in soil samples . Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. , 6 ( 1 ) : 27 – 32 .
  • Trombka , J. I. , Schweitzer , J. Selavka , C. 2002 . Crime scene investigations using portable, non-destructive space exploration technology . Forensic Sci. Int. , 129 ( 1 ) : 1 – 9 .
  • Harper , M. , Hallmark , T. S. and Bartolucci , A. A. 2002 . A comparison of methods and materials for the analysis of leaded wipes . J. Environ. Monit. , 4 ( 6 ) : 1025 – 1033 .
  • Sterling , D. A. , Lewis , R. D. , Luke , D. A. and Shadel , B. N. 2000 . A portable x-ray fluorescence instrument for analyzing dust wipe samples for lead: Evaluation with field samples . Environ. Res. , 83 ( 2 ) : 174 – 179 .
  • Nygren , O. 2002 . New approaches for assessment of occupational exposure to metals using on-site measurements . J. Environ. Monit. , 4 ( 5 ) : 623 – 627 .
  • Sumitra , T. and Kongsombatsuk , S. 1990 . Determination of manganese in airborne particulates in a dry-cell battery factory using x-ray fluorescence technique . Biol. Trace Element Res. , 26/27 ( 1 ) : 269 – 277 .
  • Harper , M. , Pacolay , B. and Andrew , M. E. 2005 . A comparison of X-ray fluorescence and wet chemical analysis for lead on air filters from different personal samplers used in a bronze foundry . J. Environ. Monit. , 7 : 592 – 597 .
  • Harper , M. and Pacolay , B. 2006 . A comparison of X-ray fluorescence and wet chemical analysis for lead on air filters from different personal samplers used in a secondary lead smelter/solder manufacturer . J. Environ. Monit. , 8 : 140 – 146 .
  • Harper , M. , Pacolay , B , Hinz , P. and Andrew , M. E. 2006 . A comparison of portable XRF and ICP-OES analysis for lead on air filter samples from a lead ore concentrator mill and a lead-acid battery recycler . J. Environ. Monit. , 8 : 384 – 392 .
  • Drake , P. L. , Lawryk , N. J. , Ashley , K. , Sussell , A. L. , Hazelwood , K. J. and Song , R. 2003 . Evaluation of two portable lead-monitoring methods at mining sites . J. Hazard Mater. , 102 ( 1 ) : 29 – 38 .
  • Morley , J. C. , Clark , C. S. , Deddens , J. A. , Ashley , K. and Roda , S. 1999 . Evaluation of a portable x-ray fluorescence instrument for the determination of lead in workplace air samples . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 14 : 1 – 11 .
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) . 1998 . “ Method 7702 ” . In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) , 4th DHHS Pub. No. 98–119
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) . 2000 . Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 2000–130
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) . 1995 . Guidelines for Air Sampling and Analytical Method Development and Evaluation DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 95–117
  • Royal Society of Chemistry, Analytical Methods Committee . 1987 . Recommendations for the definition, estimation and use of the detection limit . Analyst , 112 : 199 – 204 .
  • Bartley , D. L. 2001 . Definition and assessment of sampling and analytical accuracy . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 45 : 357 – 364 .
  • Dost , A. A. 1996 . Monitoring surface and airborne inorganic contamination in the workplace by a field portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 40 : 589 – 610 .
  • ACGIH . 2005 . 2005 TLVs and BEIs Based on the Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents & Biological Exposure Indices , Cincinnati, Ohio : ACGIH .
  • Bartlett , M. S. 1937 . Some examples of statistical methods of research in agriculture and applied biology . J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Suppl. , 4 : 158 – 159 .
  • Melcher , R. G. , Langner , R. R. and Kagel , R. O. 1978 . Criteria for the evaluation of methods for the collection of organic pollutants in air using solid sorbents . AIHAJ , 39 : 349 – 361 .
  • Aizenberg , V. , Grinshpun , S. A. , Willeke , K. , Smith , J. and Baron , P. A. 2000 . Measurement of the sampling efficiency of personal inhalable aerosol samplers using a simplified protocol . J. Aerosol Sci. , 31 ( 2 ) : 169 – 179 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.