Case Study

REFERENCES

• National Institute for Safety and Health (NIOSH) . 1989 . Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Hand-Arm Vibration (DHHS pub. no. 89-106) , Cincinnati , Ohio : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service .
   Google Scholar
• Pelmear , P. L. 2003 . The clinical assessment of hand-arm vibration syndrome . Occup. Med , 53 ( 5 ) : 337 – 341 .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , K. T. , Griffin , M. J. , Syddall , H. , Pannett , B. , Cooper , C. and Coggo , D. 2001 . Risk of hand-arm vibration syndrome according to occupation and sources of exposure to hand-arm vibration: A national survey . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 39 ( 4 ) : 389 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer , K. T. , Griffin , M. J. , Bendall , H. , Pannett , B. and Coggon , D. 2000 . Prevalence and pattern of occupational exposure to hand-arm vibration in Great Britain: Findings from a national survey . Occup. Environ. Med. , 57 ( 4 ) : 218 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biersner , R. J. and Winn , F. J. Jr . 1998 . Identification of ergonomic-related hazards in an industrial sample using the national occupational exposure survey . Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. , 4 ( 3 ) : 299 – 316 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyashita , K. , Morioka , I. , Tanabe , T. , Iwata , H. and Taked , S. 1992 . Symptoms of construction workers exposed to whole-body vibration and local vibration . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. , 64 ( 5 ) : 347 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Methner , M. M. 2000 . Identification of potential hazards associated with new residential construction . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 15 : 389 – 390 .
   Google Scholar
• Bongers , P. M. , Boshuizen , H. C. Hulshof , C. T.J. 1988 . Back disorders in crane operators exposed to whole-body vibration . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 60 : 129 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchholz , B. , Moir , S. and Virji , M. A. 1997 . An ergonomic assessment of an operating engineer: A pilot study of excavator use . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 12 : 23 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Burdorf , A. and Zondervan , H. 1990 . An epidemiological study of low-back pain in crane operators . Ergonomics , 33 : 981 – 987 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittusamy , N. K. and Buchholz , B. 2001 . An ergonomic evaluation of excavating operations: A pilot study . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 16 : 723 – 726 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kittusamy , N. K. 2004 . and B. Buchholz: Whole-body vibration and postural stress among operators of construction equipment: A literature review . J. Saf. Res. , 35 ( 3 ) : 255 – 261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cann , A. P. , Salmoni , A. W. , Vi , P. and Eger , T. R. 2003 . An exploratory study of whole-body vibration exposure and dose while operating heavy equipment in the construction industry . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 18 : 999 – 1005 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salmoni , A. , Cann , A. and Gillin , K. 2010 . Exposure to whole-body vibration and seat transmissibility in a large sample of earth scrapers . Work , 35 ( 1 ) : 63 – 75 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Legris , M. and Poulin , P. 1998 . Noise exposure profile among heavy equipment operators, associated laborers, and crane operators . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 59 : 774 – 778 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) . 2001 . Mechanical Vibration—Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Hand-Arm Vibration—Part 1: General Requirements (ISO 5349-2) , Standard , Geneva : ISO .
   Google Scholar
• Griffin , M. J. 2008 . Measurement, evaluation, and assessment of peripheral neurological disorders caused by hand-arm vibration . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 81 ( 5 ) : 559 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelmear , P. L. , Leong , D. , Taylor , W. , Nagalingam , M. and Fung , D. 1989 . Measurement of vibration of hand-held tools: Weighted or unweighted? . J. Occup. Med. , 31 ( 11 ) : 902 – 908 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• International Standards Organization (ISO) . 1997 . Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration (ISO 2631-1) , Standard , , Geneva : ISO .
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament, the Council of the European Union . 2002 . Directive 2002/44/EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents The European Vibration Directive 479 (vibration) . Official Journal of the European Communities OJ L177, 6.7.2002 , : 13 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• ACGIH . 2010 . Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in Workroom Air , Cincinnati , Ohio : ACGIH .
   Google Scholar
• Bovenzi , M. 2010 . A prospective cohort study of exposure-response relationship for vibration-induced white finger . Occup. Environ. Med. , 67 ( 1 ) : 38 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin , M. J. , Bovenzi , M. and Nelson , C. M. 2003 . Dose-response patterns for vibration-induced white finger . Occup. Environ. Med. , 60 ( 1 ) : 16 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bovenzi , M. 1994 . Hand-arm vibration syndrome and dose-response relation for vibration-induced white finger among quarry drillers and stone carvers. Italian Study Group on Physical Hazards in the Stone Industry . Occup. Environ. Med. , 51 ( 9 ) : 603 – 611 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coggins , M. A. , Van Lente , E. , McCallig , M. , Paddan , G. and Moore , K. 2010 . Evaluation of hand-arm and whole-body vibrations in construction and property management . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 54 ( 8 ) : 904 – 914 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmoni , A. , Vi , P. and Sahai , D. Final Report—Simultaneous exposure measurement of noise, hand-arm vibration, and musculoskeletal loads in boilermakers (WSIB Grant #05-11) , Toronto , Ontario : A research report submitted to the Workplace Safety & Insurance Board (WSIB) of Ontario .
   Google Scholar
• Starck , J. 1984 . High impulse acceleration levels in hand-held vibratory tools. An additional factor in the hazards associated with the hand-arm vibration syndrome . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 10 ( 3 ) : 171 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar