Effect of Clothing Layers in Combination with Fire Fighting Personal Protective Clothing on Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Intermittent Work and on Materials Performance Test Results

REFERENCES

• Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) . 2008 . Guidance on Emergency Responder Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Response to CBRN Terrorism Incidents , Washington , D.C. : DHHS NIOSH . DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2008-132
   Google Scholar
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) . 2006 . Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting , (NFPA 1971). [Standard] Quincy , Mass. : NFPA .
   Google Scholar
• Cheung , S. S. , Petersen , S. R. and McLellan , T. M. 2010 . Physiological strain and countermeasures with firefighting . Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports , 20 ( Suppl. 3 ) : 103 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , H. W. , Gardner , G. W. and Barnard , R. J. 1979 . Physiological responses of men working in fire fighting equipment in the heat . Ergonomics , 22 ( 5 ) : 521 – 527 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sköldström , B. 1987 . Physiological responses of fire fighters to workload and thermal stress . Ergonomics , 30 ( 11 ) : 1589 – 1597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D. L., and Petruzzello , S. J. 1998 . Selected physiological and psychological responses to live-fire drills in different configurations of firefighting gear . Ergonomics , 41 ( 8 ) : 1141 – 1154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D. L. , Petruzzello , S. J. , Kramer , J. M. , Warner , S. E. , Bone , B. G. and Misner , J. E. 1995 . Selected physiological and psychobiological responses to physical activity in different configurations of firefighting gear . Ergonomics , 38 ( 10 ) : 2065 – 2077 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havenith , G. 1999 . Heat balance when wearing protective clothing . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 43 ( 5 ) : 289 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig , F. N., and Moffitt , J. T. 1974 . Efficiency of evaporative cooling from wet clothing . J. Appl. Physiol. , 36 ( 3 ) : 313 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotens , W. A. 1989 . The actual insulation of multilayer clothing . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 15 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 66 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata , H. 1978 . Evaporative heat loss and clothing . J. Hum. Ergol. , 7 ( 2 ) : 169 – 175 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pascoe , D. D. , Shanley , L. A. and Smith , E. W. 1994 . Clothing and exercise. I: Biophysics of heat transfer between the individual, clothing and environment . Sports Med. (Auckland, N.Z.) , 18 ( 1 ) : 38 – 54 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malley , K. S. , Goldstein , A. M. Aldrich , T. K. 1999 . Effects of fire fighting uniform (modern, modified modern, and traditional) designs changes . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 41 ( 12 ) : 1104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan , T. M., and Selkirk , G. A. 2004 . Heat stress while wearing long pants or shorts under firefighting protective clothing . Ergonomics , 47 ( 1 ) : 75 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan , T. M. 1996 . Heat strain while wearing the current Canadian or a new hot-weather French NBC protective clothing ensemble . Aviat. Space Environ. Med. , 67 ( 11 ) : 1057 – 1062 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogarty , A. , Sinclair , W. H. , Rudzki , S. and Patterson , M. J. 2009 . “ Influence of Undershirt Type on Physiological Responses While Exercising in the Heat ” . In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics , 2 – 7 . Boston : Mass. .
   Google Scholar
• Van den Heuvel , A. M.J. , Kerry , P. , Van der Velde , J. H.P.M. , Patterson , M. J. and Taylor , N. A.S. 2010 . Torso undergarments: Their merit for clothed and armored individuals in hot-dry conditions . Aviat. Space Environ. Med. , 81 ( 12 ) : 1107 – 1113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce , R. A. , Kusumi , F. and Hosmer , D. 1973 . Maximal oxygen intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease . Am. Heart J. , 85 ( 4 ) : 546 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagge , A. P., and Gonzalez , R.R. 1996 . “ Mechanisms of Heat Exchange: Biophysics and Physiology ” . In Handbook of Physiology: Environmental Physiology , Edited by: Fregly , M. J. and Blatteis , C. M. Bethesda , Md. : American Physiological Society .
   Google Scholar
• Borg , G. 2001 . Borg's range model and scales . Int. J. Sport Psychol , 32 ( 2 ) : 110 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , A. J. , Sawka , M. N. , Epstein , Y. , Decristofano , B. and Pandolf , K. B. 1987 . Cooling different body surfaces during upper and lower body exercise . J. Appl. Physiol. , 63 ( 3 ) : 1218 – 1223 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickwire , J. , Bishop , P. A. Green , J. M. 2007 . Physiological and comfort effects of commercial “wicking” clothing under a bulletproof vest . Int. J. Ind. Ergonom. , 37 ( 7 ) : 643 – 651 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll , A. M., and Chianta , M. A. 1969 . Method and rating system for evaluation of thermal protection . Aerospace Med. , 40 ( 11 ) : 1232 – 1238 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ASTM International . 2009 . Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate , [Standard] West Conshohocken , Pa. : ASTM International . (F1868-12).
   Google Scholar
• Holmér , I. 1995 . Protective clothing and heat stress . Ergonomics , 38 ( 1 ) : 166 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons , K. C. , Havenith , G. , Holmér , I. , Nilsson , H. and Malchaire , J. 1999 . The effects of wind and human movement on the heat and vapour transfer properties of clothing . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 43 ( 5 ) : 347 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsner , K. L., and Kolkhorst , F. W. 2008 . Metabolic demands of simulated firefighting tasks . Ergonomics , 51 ( 9 ) : 1418 – 1425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) . 2008 . Standard on the Rehabilitation Process for Members During Emergency Operations and Training Exercises , [Standard]. Quincy , Mass : NFPA . (NFPA 1584)
   Google Scholar
• Easton , C. , Fudge , B. W. and Pitsiladis , Y. P. 2007 . Rectal, telemetry pill and tympanic membrane thermometry during exercise heat stress . J. Therm. Biol. , 32 ( 2 ) : 78 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien , C. , Hoyt , R. W. , Buller , M. J. , Castellani , J. W. and Young , A. J. 1998 . Telemetry pill measurement of core temperature in humans during active heating and cooling . Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , 30 ( 3 ) : 468 – 472 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , D. M. , Carter , J. M. , Richmond , V. L. , Blacker , S. D. and Rayson , M. P. 2008 . The effect of cool water ingestion on gastrointestinal pill temperature . Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , 40 ( 3 ) : 523 – 528 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar