Dermal Absorption of Chemicals: Estimation by IH SkinPerm

REFERENCES

• Wilschut , A. , ten Berge , W. F. , Robinson , P. J. and McKone , T. E. 1995 . Estimating skin permeation. The validation of five mathematical skin permeation models . Chemosphere , 30 : 1275 – 1296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. EPA . 2012 . “ Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for Microsoft® Windows, v. 4.10 ” . Washington , D.C : United States Environmental Protection Agency . Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuite.htm
   Google Scholar
• Kretsos , K. , Miller , M. A. , Zamora-Estrada , G. and Kasting , G. B. 2008 . Partitioning, diffusivity and clearance of skin permeants in mammalian dermis . Int. J. Pharm. , 346 ( 1–2 ) : 64 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vecchia , B. E. and Bunge , A. L. 2002 . “ Skin Absorption Databases and Predictive Equations ” . In Transdermal Drug Delivery , Edited by: Guy , R. H. and Hadgraft , J. 57 – 141 . New York: Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Vecchia , B. E. and Bunge , A. L. 2002 . “ Partitioning of Chemicals into Skin: Results and Predictions ” . In Transdermal Drug Delivery , Edited by: Guy , R. H. and Hadgraft , J. 143 – 198 . New York: Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Berge , W. F. ten . 2009 . A simple dermal absorption model: Derivation and application . Chemosphere , 75 : 1440 – 1445 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potts , R. O. and Guy , R. H. 1992 . Predicting skin permeability . Pharm. Res. , 9 : 663 – 669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , T. , Vermeulen , R. , Brouwer , D. H. , Cherrie , J. W. , Kromhout , H. and Fogh , C. 1999 . Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure . Occup. Environ. Med. , 56 : 765 – 773 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gmehling , J. , Weidlich , U. , Lehmann , E. and Fröhlich , N. 1989 . Verfahren zur Berechnung von Luftkonzentrationen bei Freisetzung von Stoffen aus flüssigen Produktgemischen, Teil 1 und 2 [A method for calculating airborne concentrations of substances when emitted from liquid product mixtures, Part 1 and 2] . Staub-Reinhaltung der Luft , 49 ( 227–230 ) : 295 – 299 .
   Google Scholar
• Weidlich , U. and Gmehling , J. 1986 . “ Expositionsabschätzung. Eine Methode mit Hinweisen für die praktische Anwendung [Exposure assessment. A method of providing guidence to practice]. Series of the Institute for Occupational safety and Health (BauA), Research project Fb 488, Wirtschaftsverlag NW ” . Bremerhaven , , Germany
   Google Scholar
• European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) . May 2010 . “ Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R.14: Occupational Exposure Estimation ” . Vol. 2 , Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Jakasa , I. , Mohammadi , N. , Kruse , J. and Kezic , S. 2004 . Percutaneous absorption of neat and aqueous solutions of 2-butoxyethanol in volunteers . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 77 : 79 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havenith , G. , Heus , R. and Lotens , W. A. 1990 . Clothing ventilation, vapor resistance and permeability index: Changes due to posture, movement, and wind . Ergonomics , 33 : 989 – 1006 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotens , W. A. and Wammes , L. J.A. 1993 . Vapour transfer in two-layer clothing due to diffusion and ventilation . Ergonomics , 36 ( 10 ) : 1223 – 1240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modjtahedi , B. S. and Maibach , H. I. 2008 . In vivo percutaneous absorption of benzene in man: forearm and palm . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 46 : 1171 – 1174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuilleumier , C. , Flament , I. and Sauvegrain , P. 1995 . Headspace analysis study of evaporation rate of perfume ingredients applied onto skin . Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. , 17 ( 2 ) : 61 – 76 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kasting , G. B. and Saiyasombati , P. 2001 . A physico-chemical properties based model for estimating evaporation and absorption rates of perfumes from skin . Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. , 23 ( 1 ) : 49 – 58 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saiyasombati , P. and Kasting , G. B. 2004 . In vivo evaporation rate of benzyl alcohol from human skin . J. Pharma. Sci. , 93 : 515 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehal , B. and Maibach , H. 2011 . Percutaneous absorption of vapors in human skin . Cutaneous Ocular Toxicol. , 30 ( 2 ) : 87 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooke , I. , Cocker , J. Delic , J. I. 1998 . Dermal uptake of solvents from the vapour phase: An experimental study in humans . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 42 : 531 – 540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corley , R. A. , Markham , D. A. , Banks , C. , Delorme , P. , Masterman , A. and Houle , J. M. 1997 . Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the dermal absorption of 2-butoxyethanol vapor by humans . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 39 : 120 – 130 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jakasa , I. , Mohammadi , N. , Kruse , J. and Kezic , S. 2004 . Percutaneous absorption of neat and aqueous solutions of 2-butoxyethanol in volunteers . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 77 : 79 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havenith , G. , Heus , R. and Lotens , W. A. 1990 . Clothing ventilation, vapor resistance and permeability index: Changes due to posture, movement, and wind . Ergonomics , 33 : 989 – 1006 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotens , W. A. and Wammes , L. J.A. 1993 . Vapor transfer in two-layer clothing due to diffusion and ventilation . Ergonomics , 36 ( 10 ) : 1223 – 1240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modjtahedi , B. S. and Maibach , H. I. 2008 . In vivo percutaneous absorption of benzene in man: Forearm and palm . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 46 : 1171 – 1174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuilleumier , C. , Flament , I. and Sauvegrain , P. 1995 . Headspace analysis study of evaporation rate of perfume ingredients applied onto skin . Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. , 17 ( 2 ) : 61 – 76 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kasting , G. B. and Saiyasombati , P. 2001 . A physico-chemical properties based model for estimating evaporation and absorption rates of perfumes from skin . Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. , 23 ( 1 ) : 49 – 58 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shih , T. S. , Wang , P. Y. , Chen , C. Y. , Smith , T. J. and Hu , Y. P. 2000 . Measurement of percutaneous uptake of 2-methoxy ethanol vapor in humans . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 42 : 475 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giardino , N. J. , Gordon , S. M. , Brinkman , M. C. , Callahan , P. J. and Kenny , D. V. 1999 . Real-time breath analysis of vapor phase uptake of 1,1,1 trichloroethane through the forearm: Implications for daily absorbed dose of volatile organic compounds at work . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 14 : 719 – 727 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kezic , S. , Monster , A. C. , Krüse , J. and Verberk , M. M. 2000 . Skin absorption of some vaporous solvents in volunteers . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 73 : 415 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riihimäki , V. and Pfäffli , P. 1978 . Percutaneous absorption of solvent vapors in man . Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health , 4 : 73 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johanson , G. and Boman , A. 1991 . Percutaneous absorption of 2-butoxyethanol vapour in human subjects . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 48 : 788 – 792 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kezic , S. , Mahieu , K. , Monster , A. C. and de Wolff , F. A. 1997 . Dermal absorption of vaporous and liquid 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol in volunteers . Occup. Environ. Med. , 54 : 38 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loizou , G. D. , Jones , K. , Akrill , P. , Dyne , D. and Cocker , J. 1999 . Estimation of the dermal absorption of m-xylene vapor in humans using breath sampling and physiologically based pharmacokinetic analysis . Toxicol. Sci. , 48 : 170 – 179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . “ U.S. EPA Exposure Factors Handbook ” . 2011 Edition . Available at http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-complete.pdf (accessed December 20, 2012)
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . “ Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) ” . Vol. I , Human Health Evaluation Manual . (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment).” Available at http://www.epa.gov/oswer/riskassessment/ragse/ (accessed July 17, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Finley , B. L. , Scott , P. K. and Mayhall , D. A. 1994 . Development of a standard soil-to-skin adherence probability density function for use in Monte Carlo analyses of dermal exposure . Risk Anal. , 14 ( 4 ) : 555 – 569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . 1992 . A Laboratory Method to Determine the Retention of Liquids on the Surface of Hands , Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics . (EPA 747-R-92-003)
   Google Scholar
• European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) . December 2009 . Addendum to ECETOC Targeted Risk Assessment Report No. 93 Brussels , , Belgium (Technical Report No. 107)
   Google Scholar
• Warren , N. , Goede , H. A. , Tijssen , S. C.H.A. , Oppl , R. , Schipper , H. J. and Van Hemmen , J. J. 2003 . Deriving default dermal exposure values for use in a risk assessment toolkit for small and medium-sized enterprises . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 47 ( 8 ) : 619 – 627 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bader , M. , Wrbitzky , R. , Blaszkewicz , M. , Schäper , M. and van Thriel , C. 2008 . Human volunteer study on the inhalational and dermal absorption of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) from the vapour phase . Arch. Toxicol. , 82 ( 1 ) : 13 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilschut , A. and ten Berge , W. F. 1996 . “ Two Mathematical Skin Permeation Models for Vapors ” . In Prediction of Percutaneous Penetration , Edited by: Brain , K. R. , James , V. J. and Walters , K. A. Vol. 4a , 182 – 184 . La Grande Motte : 3M Medica .
   Google Scholar
• Meulenberg , C. J.W. and Vijverberg , H. P.M. 2000 . Emperical relations predicting human and rat tissue:air partition coefficients of volatile organic compounds . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 165 : 206 – 221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prausnitz , M. R. 1999 . A practical assessment of transdermal drug delivery by skin electroporation . Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , 35 ( 1 ) : 61 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloop , C. H. , Dory , L. and Roheim , P. S. 1987 . Interstitial fluid lipoproteins . J. Lipid Res. , 28 ( 3 ) : 225 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson , S. and Mackay , D. 1989 . Correlation of tissue, blood, and air partition coefficients of volatile organic chemicals . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 46 ( 5 ) : 321 – 328 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar