Advanced search
Publication Cover
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Volume 11, 2014 - Issue 4
Submit an article Journal homepage
710
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Criteria for the Collection of Useful Respirator Performance Data in the Workplace

Larry Janssen Larry Janssen Consulting, LLC, Stillwater, Minnesota
,
Ziqing Zhuang National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
&
Ronald Shaffer National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pages 218-226 | Published online: 28 Feb 2014

REFERENCES

  • 2005 . Respiratory Protection . Code of Federal Regulations Title , 29 : 419 – 444 . Section 1910.134
  • American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA): “Respiratory Protection Committee Research Needs in Respiratory Protection,” White Paper . Available at http://www.aiha.org/news-pubs/govtaffairs/Pages/PositionStatements.aspx (accessed December 12, 2012)
  • 2011 . Control of Exposure to Airborne Contaminants . Code of Federal Regulations Title 30 , : 300 Section 56.5005
  • 2011 . Control of Exposure to Airborne Contaminants . Code of Federal Regulations Title 30 , : 366 – 367 . Section 57.5005
  • 2012 . Use of Individual Respiratory Protection Equipment . Code of Federal Regulations Title 10 , : 364 – 365 . Section 20.1703
  • Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory: “Respirator Protection Factors,” by E.C. Hyatt, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M., 1976. [Report No. LA-6084-MS] .
  • 1985 . American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Respiratory Protection Committee: Respirator performance terminology. [Letter to the Editor] . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 46 : B22 – 23 .
  • 2002 . American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Respiratory Protection Committee: Respirator performance terminology. [Letter to the Editor] . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 63 : 132
  • Moore , D. E and Smith , T. J. 1976 . Measurement of protection factors of chemical cartridge, half-mask respirators under working conditions in a copper smelter . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 5337 ( 8 ) : 453 – 458 .
  • Smith , T. J. , Ferrell , W. C. , Varner , M. O. and Puttnam , R. D. 1980 . Inhalation exposure of cadmium workers: Effects of respirator use . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 41 ( 9 ) : 624 – 629 .
  • Samimi , B. , Neilson , A. , Weill , H. and Ziskind , M. 1975 . The efficiency of protective hoods used by sandblasters to reduce silica dust exposure . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 36 : 140 – 148 .
  • Johnston , A. R. , Myers , W. R. , Colton , C. E. , Birkner , J. S. and Campbell , C. E. 1992 . Review of respirator performance testing in the workplace: issues and concerns . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 37 ( 8 ) : 453 – 458 .
  • Myers , W. R. , Zhuang , Z. , Nelson , T. J. , Sides , S. and Wilmes , D. 1995 . Field performance measurements of half-facepiece respirators-Study protocol . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 56 : 765 – 775 .
  • Myers , W. R. and Zhuang , Z. 1996 . Field performance measurements of half facepiece respirators: Foundry operations . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 57 : 166 – 174 .
  • Zhuang , Z. and Myers , W. R. 1996 . Field performance measurements of half facepiece respirators: Paint spraying operations . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 57 : 50 – 57 .
  • Myers , W. R. and Zhuang , Z. 1998 . Field performance measurements of half facepiece respirators: Steel mill operations . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 59 : 789 – 795 .
  • Nelson , T. J. , Wheeler , T. H. and Mustard , T. S. 2001 . Workplace protection factors—Supplied air hood . AIHAJ. , 62 : 96 – 100 .
  • Zhuang , Z. , Coffey , C. C. , Jensen , P. A. , Campbell , D. L. , Lawrence , R. B. and Myers , W. R. 2003 . Correlation between quantitative fit factors and workplace protection factors measured in actual workplace environments at a steel foundry . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 64 : 730 – 738 .
  • Bidwell , J. O. and Janssen , L. L. 2004 . Workplace performance of an N95 respirator in a concrete block manufacturing plant . J. Int. Soc. Resp. Prot. , 21 ( III–IV ) : 94 – 102 .
  • Janssen , L. L. and Bidwell , J. O. 2007 . Performance of a full facepiece, air purifying respirator against lead aerosols in a workplace environment . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 4 : 123 – 128 .
  • Janssen , L. L. , Nelson , T. J. and Cuta , K. T. 2007 . Workplace protection factors for an N95 filtering facepiece respirator . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 4 : 698 – 707 .
  • Janssen , L. L. , Bidwell , J. O. , McCullough , N. V. and Nelson , T. J. 2007 . Performance of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator in a grinding operation . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. , 24 : 21 – 31 .
  • Janssen , L. L. , Bidwell , J. O. , Cuta , K. T. and Nelson , T. J. 2008 . Workplace performance of a hood-style supplied-air respirator . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 5 : 438 – 443 .
  • Janssen , L. L. and McCullough , N. V. 2009 . Elastomeric, half-facepiece, air-purifying respirator performance in a lead battery plant . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 7 : 46 – 53 .
  • Crutchfield , C. D. , Murphy , R. W. and Van Ert , M. D. 1993 . A comparison of controlled negative pressure and aerosol quantitative respirator fit test systems by using human subjects . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 54 ( 1 ) : 10 – 14 .
  • Crutchfield , C. D. , Fairbank , E. O. and Greenstein , S. L. 1999 . Effect of test exercises and mask donning on measured respirator fit . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 14 ( 12 ) : 827 – 837 .
  • Lee , S. A. , Adhikari , A. and Grinshpun , S. A. 2005 . Respiratory protection provided by N95 filtering facepiece respirators against airborne dust and microorganisms in agricultural farms . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 2 : 577 – 575 .
  • Cho , K. J. , Jones , S. Jones , G. 2010 . Effect of particle size on respiratory protection provided by two types of N95 respirators used in agricultural settings . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 7 : 622 – 627 .
  • Cho , K. J. , Reponen , T. McKay , R. 2011 . Comparison of workplace protection factors for different biological contaminants . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 8 : 417 – 425 .
  • Janssen , L. L. , Bidwell , J. O. , Mullins , H. E. and Nelson , T. J. 2003 . Efficiency of degraded electret filters: Part 1-Laboratory testing against NaCl and DOP before and after exposure to workplace aerosols . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. , 20 ( 2 ) : 71 – 80 .
  • Nelson , T. J. and Colton , C. E. 2000 . The effect of inhalation resistance on facepiece leakage . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 61 : 102 – 105 .
  • Janssen , L. L. and Weber , R. A. 2005 . The effect of pressure drop on respirator faceseal leakage . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 2 : 335 – 340 .
  • 2007 . International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Respiratory Protective Devices—Human Factors—Part 1: Metabolic Rates and Res- piratory Flow Rates (ISO/TS 16976-1). [Standard] , Geneva : ISO .
  • 2012 . Approval of Respiratory Protective Devices . Code of Federal Regulations Title 42 , : 604 – 607 . Part 84
  • Janssen , L. L. , Luinenburg , M. D. , Mullins , H. E. , Danisch , S. G. and Nelson , T. J. 2003 . Evaluation of a quantitative fit testing method for N95 filtering facepiece respirators . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 63 : 480 – 486 .
  • Zhuang , Z. , Benson , S. , Lynch , S. , Palmiero , A. and Roberge , R. 2011 . Laboratory study to assess causative factors affecting temporal changes in filtering facepiece respirator fit: Part I - Pilot study . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 8 : 729 – 739 .
  • Fairchild , C. I. and Stampfer , J. F. 1987 . Particle concentration in exhaled breath . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 48 ( 11 ) : 948 – 949 .
  • Harrison , B. H. and Liang , S. H. 2005 . Quantitative fit testing of military gas masks with the TSI Portacount: Part II - Quantifying the limitations and recommendations for use . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. , 22 : 55 – 67 .
  • Weber , R. A. and Mullins , H. E. 2000 . Measuring performance of a half-mask respirator in a styrene environment . AIHAJ. , 61 : 415 – 421 .
  • Coffey , C. C. , Campbell , D. L. Myers , W. R. 1998 . Comparison of six respirator fit-test methods with an actual measurement of exposure in a simulated health care environment: Part I - Protocol development . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 59 : 852 – 861 .
  • Hewett , P. , Pallay , B. G. and Gamble , J. F. 1993 . A model for correcting workplace protection factors for lung deposition and other effects . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 54 ( 4 ) : 142 – 149 .
  • Hinds , W. C. and Kraske , G. 1987 . Performance of dust respirators with facial seal leaks: I. Experimental . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 48 ( 10 ) : 836 – 841 .
  • Hinds , W. C. and Bellin , P. 1993 . The effect of respirator dead space and lung retention on exposure estimates . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 54 : 711 – 722 .
  • Chen , C. C. and Willeke , K. 1992 . Characteristics of face seal leakage in filtering facepieces . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 53 ( 9 ) : 533 – 539 .
  • Chen , C. C. , Lehtimaki , M. and Willeke , K. 1992 . Aerosol penetration through filtering facepieces and respirator cartridges . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 53 ( 9 ) : 566 – 574 .
  • Chen , C. C. , Lehtimaki , M. and Willeke , K. 1993 . Loading and filtration characteristics of filtering facepieces . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 54 ( 2 ) : 51 – 60 .
  • Grinshpun , S. A. , Haruta , H. Eninger , R. M. 2009 . Performance of an N95 filtering facepiece particulate respirator and a surgical mask during human breathing: Two pathways for particle penetration . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 6 : 593 – 603 .
  • Holton , P. M. , Tackett , D. L. and Willeke , K. 1987 . Particle size dependent leakage and losses of aerosols in respirators . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 48 : 848 – 854 .
  • Hinds , W. C. and Bellin , P. 1987 . Performance of dust respirators with facial seal leaks: II. Predictive model . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 48 ( 10 ) : 842 – 847 .
  • Krishnan , U. , Willeke , K. , Juozaitis , A. , Myojo , T. , Talaska , G. and Shukla , R. 1994 . Variation in quantitative respirator fit factors due to fluctuations in leak size during fit testing . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 55 : 309 – 314 .
  • Janssen , L. L. and Weber , R. A. 2005 . The effect of pressure drop on respirator faceseal leakage . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 2 : 335 – 340 .
  • Myers , W. R. , Allendar , J. R. Iskander , W. 1988 . Causes of in-facepiece sampling bias-I half-facepiece respirators . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 32 ( 3 ) : 345 – 359 .
  • Myers , W. R. and Allendar , J. R. 1988 . Causes of in-facepiece sampling bias-II full-facepiece respirators . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 32 ( 3 ) : 361 – 372 .
  • Hendricks , W. , Stones , F. and Lillquist , D. 2009 . On wiping the interior walls of 37-mm closed-face cassettes: An OSHA perspective . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 6 ( 12 ) : 732 – 734 .
  • Chapter O. Factors Affecting Aerosol Sampling, 2003 . [Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/chapter-o.pdf (accessed August 8, 2013)
  • (24 August 2006 . Assigned Protection Factors; Final Rule . Federal Register , 71 : 164 – 50192 . 50122
  • Nicas , M. and Neuhaus , J. 2004 . Variability in respiratory protection and the assigned protection factor . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 1 : 99 – 109 .
  • Crump , K. S. 2007 . Statistical issues with respect to workplace protection factors for respirators . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 4 : 208 – 214 .
  • Methner , M. , Hodson , L. , Dames , A. and Geraci , C. 2010 . Nanoparticle emission assessment technique (NEAT) for the identification and measurement of potential inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials—Part b: Results from 12 field studies . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 7 : 163 – 176 .
  • Lindsley , W. G. , Blachere , F. M. , Davis , K. A. Pearce , T. A. 2010 . Distribution of airborne influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in an urgent care medical clinic . Clin. Infect. Dis. , 50 ( 5 ) : 693 – 698 .
  • Yang , W. , Elankumaran , S. and Marr , L. C. 2011 . Concentrations and size distributions of airborne influenza A viruses measured indoors at a health centre, a day-care centre and on aeroplanes . J. R. Soc. Interface. , 8 : 1176 – 1184 .

APPENDIX

  • Bolsover , J. , Sithamparanadarajah , B. and Vaughn , N. 2006 . Workplace protection of air-fed visors used in paint spraying operations . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 50 ( 3 ) : 219 – 229 .
  • Campbell , D. L. , Noonan , G. P. , Merinar , T. R. and Stobbe , J. A . 1994 . Estimated workplace protection factors for positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 55 ( 4 ) : 322 – 329 .
  • Clayton , M. P. , Sithamparanadarajah , B. and Vaughn , N. 2012 . Performance studies on respiratory protective devices in the workplace–Part I: Variation in measures of performance . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. , 29 ( 1 ) : 30 – 40 .
  • Dixon , S. W. and Nelson , T. J. 1984 . Workplace protection factors for negative pressure half-mask facepiece respirators . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. , 2 ( 4 ) : 347 – 360 .
  • Fergin , G. S. 1984 . Respirator evaluation for carbon setters with beards . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 51 : 625 – 631 .
  • Gaboury , A. , Burd , D. H. and Friar , R. S. 1987 . Respiratory protective equipment in a primary aluminum smelter . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 8 ( 1 ) : 53 – 56 .
  • Galvin , K. , Selvin , S. and Spear , R. C. 1990 . Variability in protection afforded by half mask respirators against styrene exposure in the field . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 51 : 625 – 631 .
  • Groves , W. A. 2006 . Personal sampling system for measuring workplace protection factors for gases and vapors . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. , 23 ( I–II ) : 30 – 43 .
  • Groves , W. A. and Reynolds , S. J. 2003 . Prototype sampling system for measuring workplace protection factors for gases and vapors . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 18 ( 5 ) : 394 – 402 .
  • Han , D. 2002 . Correlations between workplace protection factors and fit factors for filtering facepieces in the welding workplace . Ind. Health. , 40 : 328 – 334 .
  • Hanley , K. W. and Lenhart , S. W. 2000 . Manganese dioxide exposures and respirator performance at an alkaline battery plant . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 15 ( 7 ) : 542 – 549 .
  • Hery , M. , Meyer , J. P. Villa , M. 1993 . Measurement of workplace protection factors of six negative pressure half-masks . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. , 11 ( 3 ) : 15 – 38 .
  • Hery , M. , Villa , M. , Hubert , G. and Martin , P. 1991 . Assessment of the performance of respirators in the workplace . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 35 ( 2 ) : 181 – 187 .
  • Hewson , G. S. and Ralph , M. I. 1992 . Determination of program protection factors for half-mask respirators used at a mineral sands separation plant . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 53 : 713 – 720 .
  • Lenhart , S. W. and Campbell , D. L. 1984 . Assigned protection factors for two respirator types based upon workplace performance testing . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 28 : 173 – 182 .
  • Liu , Y. , Stowe , M. H. Bello , D. 2006 . Respiratory protection from isocyanate exposure in the autobody repair and refinishing industry . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 3 : 234 – 249 .
  • Myers , W. R. and Peach , M. J. 1983 . Performance measurements on a powered air-purifying respirator made during actual field use in a silica bagging operation . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 27 : 251 – 259 .
  • Myers , W. R. , Peach , M. J. and Allender , J. 1984 . Workplace protection factor measurements on powered air-purifying respirators at a secondary lead smelter-test protocol . Am. Ind. Hyg. J , 45 ( 4 ) : 236 – 241 .
  • Myers , W. R. , Peach , M. J. III , Cutright , K. and Iskander , W. 1984 . Workplace protection factor measurements on powered air-purifying respirators at a secondary lead smelter—Results and discussion . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 45 : 681 – 688 .
  • Myers , W. R. , Peach , M. J. , Cutright , K. and Iskander , W. 1986 . Field test of powered air purifying respirators at a battery manufacturing facility . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. , 4 ( 1 ) : 62 – 89 .
  • Poppendorf , W. , Merchant , J. A. Leonard , S. 1995 . Respirator protection and acceptability among agricultural workers . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 10 ( 7 ) : 595 – 615 .
  • Que Hee , S. H. and Lawrence P , P. 1983 . Inhalation exposure to lead in brass foundry workers: The evaluation of the effectiveness of a powered air-purifying respirator and engineering controls . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 44 : 746 – 751 .
  • Reed , L. D. , Lenhart , S. W. , Stephenson , R. L. and Allender , J. R. 1987 . Workplace evaluation of a disposable respirator in a dusty environment . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 2 : 53 – 56 .
  • Riitta , R. E.E. and Riipinen , H. M. 1998 . Respirator and high efficiency particulate air filtration unit performance in asbestos abatement . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 10 ( 7 ) : 32 – 41 .
  • Spear , T. M. , DuMond , J. , Lloyd , C. and Vincent , J. H. 2000 . An effective protection factor study of respirators used by primary lead smelter workers . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 15 ( 2 ) : 235 – 244 .
  • Tannahill , S. N. , Willey , R. J. and Jackson , M. H. 1990 . Workplace protection factors of HSE approved negative pressure full-facepiece dust respirators during asbestos stripping preliminary findings . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 34 ( 6 ) : 547 – 552 .
  • Vaughan , N. and Sithamparanadarajah , R. 2005 . Meaningful workplace protection factor measurements: Experimental protocols and data treatment . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 49 ( 7 ) : 549 – 562 .
  • Wallis , G. , Menke , R. and Chelton , C. 1993 . Workplace field testing of a disposable negative pressure half-mask dust respirator (3M 8710) . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 54 : 576 – 583 .
  • Wu , M. T. 2002 . Assessment of the effectiveness of respirator usage in coke oven workers . AIHA J. , 63 : 72 – 75 . (short communication)

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.