References
- ACGIH: TLVs and BEIs. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010.
- Blaine, P.: Tear gases and irritant incapacitants. 1-choroacetophenone, 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile and dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine. Toxicol Rev. 22(2):103–110 (2003).
- Bragg, W.: CDC Division of Laboratory Sciences Laboratory Protocol for CS Metabolite: 2-Chlorohippuric Acid. CDC Emergency Response Branch Laboratory Protocol, 2013. pp. 1–21.
- Brewster, K., J. M. Harrison, L. Leadbeater J. Newman and D. G. Upshall.: The fate of 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) in rats. Xenobiotica 17(8):911–924 (1987).
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention Emergency Preparedness and Response: Case Definition: Riot Control Agents. Available at https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/riotcontrol/casedefinition.asp (accessed December 27, 2016).
- Cocker, J., H.J. Mason, N.D. Warren, and R.J. Cotton: Creatinine adjustment of biological monitoring results. Occup. Med. (Lond). 61(5):349–353 (2011).
- Constant, J.N.: Chemical, Biological, Radiological Warfare, and Sabotage. Incapacitating Chemical Weapons. In Fundamentals of Strategic Weapons: Offense and Defense Systems, Volume 1. The Hague, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1981. pp. 236–245.
- Corson, B.B., and R.W. Stoughton: Reactions of Alpha, Beta-unsaturated Dinitriles. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 50(10):2825–2837 (1928).
- Evans, J.D.: Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1996.
- Giovanello S.P.: Riot control agents and chemical weapons arms control in the United States. J. Strateg. Secur. 5:1–18 (2012).
- Hout, J.J., D.W. White, A.R. Artino, and J.J. Knapik: (2014). O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS riot control agent) exposures and associated acute respiratory illnesses in a United States Army basic combat training cohort. Mil. Med. 179(7):793–798 (2014).
- Needleman, S.B., Porvaznik, M. and Ander, D.: Creatinine analysis in single collection urine specimens. J. Forensic Sci. 37:1125 (1992).
- NIOSH: Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs). Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, 1994.
- Olajos, E.J., and W. Stopford: Riot control agents and acute sensory irritation. In Riot Control Agents: Issues in Toxicology, Safety & Health, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC, 2004. pp. 65–78.
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW): Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction. The Hague, the Netherlands: OPCW, 1993.
- OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1995. pp. 1–7.
- Riches, J.R., et al.: The development of an analytical method for urinary metabolites of the riot control agent 2-chlorobenxylidene malononitrile. J. Chromatogr. B 928:125–130 (2013).
- Succop, P.A., S. Clark, M. Chen, and W. Galke: Imputation of data values that are less than a detection limit. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 1(7):436–441 (2004).
![Supercharge Your Next Research Paper: Research and write your next paper with Jenni AI.]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/112440/MPU-Jenni-AI-ECONOMICS.png"})