1,419
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The recommended Threshold Limit Values for heat exposure fail to maintain body core temperature within safe limits in older working adults

, , , ORCID Icon, , , & show all

References

  • ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Physical Agents Documentation. Cincinnati: ACGIH, 2007.
  • Meade, R.D., M.P. Poirier, A.D. Flouris, S.G. Hardcastle, and G.P. Kenny: Do the threshold limit values for work in hot conditions adequately protect workers? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 48(6):1187–1196 (2016).
  • Larose, J., P. Boulay, R.J. Sigal, H.E. Wright, and G.P. Kenny: Age-related decrements in heat dissipation during physical activity occur as early as the age of 40. PloS One 8(12):e83148 (2013).
  • Larose, J., H.E. Wright, J. Stapleton, et al.: Whole-body heat loss is reduced in older males during short bouts of intermittent exercise. Am. J. Physiol. 305(6):R619–629 (2013).
  • Larose, J., P. Boulay, H.E. Wright-Beatty, R.J. Sigal, S. Hardcastle, and G.P. Kenny: Age-related differences in heat loss capacity occur under both dry and humid heat stress conditions. J. Appl. Physiol. 117(1):69–79 (2014).
  • Stapleton, J.M., M.P. Poirier, A.D. Flouris, et al.: Aging impairs heat loss, but when does it matter? J. Appl. Physiol. 118(3):299–309 (2015).
  • CDC: “Older Employees in the Workplace”, D.o.P.H. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ed.), pp. 6: Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012.
  • Kenny, G.P., H. Groeller, R. McGinn, and A.D. Flouris: Age, human performance and physical employment standards. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 41(6 Suppl 2):S92–S107 (2016).
  • Statistics Canada: “Portrait of Canada's Labour Force.” Government of Canada, 2011.
  • Kenny, G.P., and O. Jay: Thermometry, calorimetry, and mean body temperature during heat stress. Compr. Physiol. 3(4):1689–1719 (2013).
  • Stapleton, J.M., M.P. Poirier, A.D. Flouris, et al.: Aging impairs heat loss, but when does it matter? J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 118(3):299–309 (2015).
  • Siri, W.E.: The gross composition of the body. Adv. Biol. Med. Phys. 4:239–280 (1956).
  • Kenny, G.P., M. Vierula, J. Mate, F. Beaulieu, S.G. Hardcastle, and F. Reardon: A field evaluation of the physiological demands of miners in Canada's deep mechanized mines. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 9(8):491–501 (2012).
  • Meade, R.D., M. Lauzon, M.P. Poirier, A.D. Flouris, and G.P. Kenny: An evaluation of the physiological strain experienced by electrical utility workers in North America. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 12(10):708–720 (2015).
  • Malchaire, J.B.: The TLV work-rest regimens for occupational exposure to heat: A review of their development. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 22(1):55–62 (1979).
  • Reardon, F.D., K.E. Leppik, R. Wegmann, P. Webb, M.B. Ducharme, and G.P. Kenny: The Snellen human calorimeter revisited, re-engineered and upgraded: design and performance characteristics. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 44(8):721–728 (2006).
  • Borg, G.A.: Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 14(5):377–381 (1982).
  • ASHRAE-55: ASHRAE Standard 55-2013. Thermal Environment Conditions for Human Occupancy. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2013.
  • Moran, D.S., A. Shitzer, and K.B. Pandolf: A physiological strain index to evaluate heat stress. Am. J. Physiol. 275(1 Pt 2):R129–134 (1998).
  • Sawka, M.N., L.M. Burke, E.R. Eichner, et al.: American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39(2):377–390 (2007).
  • Armstrong, L.E., D.J. Casa, M. Millard-Stafford, et al.: American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exertional heat illness during training and competition. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39(3):556–572 (2007).
  • Sawka, M.N., A.J. Young, W.A. Latzka, P.D. Neufer, M.D. Quigley, and K.B. Pandolf: Human tolerance to heat strain during exercise: Influence of hydration. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 73(1):368–375 (1992).
  • Tawatsupa, B., L.L. Lim, T. Kjellstrom, S.A. Seubsman, A. Sleigh, and T. The Thai Cohort Study: The association between overall health, psychological distress, and occupational heat stress among a large national cohort of 40,913 Thai workers. Glob. Health Act. 3 (2010).
  • González-Alonso, J., C. Teller, S.L. Andersen, F.B. Jensen, T. Hyldig, and B. Nielsen: Influence of body temperature on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 86(3):1032–1039 (1999).
  • Armstrong, L., and J. Anderson: Heat exhaustion, exercise-associated collapse, and heat syncope. In Exertional Heat Illnesses, L. Armstrong (ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2003. pp. 57–90.
  • Kenny, G.P., P. Webb, M.B. Ducharme, F.D. Reardon, and O. Jay: Calorimetric measurement of postexercise net heat loss and residual body heat storage. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40(9):1629–1636 (2008).
  • Kenny, G.P., J.M. Stapleton, J.E. Yardley, P. Boulay, and R.J. Sigal: Older adults with type 2 diabetes store more heat during exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 45(10):1906–1914 (2013).
  • Kenny, G.P., L.E. Dorman, P. Webb, et al.: Heat balance and cumulative heat storage during intermittent bouts of exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 41(3):588–596 (2009).
  • Malchaire, J.B.: The TLV work-rest regimens for occupational exposure to heat: A review of their development. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 22(1):55–62 (1979).
  • Jay, O., and G.P. Kenny: Heat exposure in the Canadian workplace. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53(8):842–853 (2010).
  • Pengelly, L.D., M.E. Campbell, C.S. Cheng, C. Fu, S.E. Gingrich, and R. Macfarlane: Anatomy of heat waves and mortality in Toronto: Lessons for public health protection. Can. J. Publ. Health 98(5):364–368 (2007).
  • Hengeveld, H., B. Whitewood, and A. Fergusson: An Introduction to Climate Change: A Canadian Perspective. Ottawa: Environment Canada, 2005. pp. 29–44.
  • Xiang, J., A. Hansen, D. Pisaniello, and P. Bi: Extreme heat and occupational heat illnesses in South Australia, 2001-2010. Occup. Environ. Med. 72(8):580–586 (2015).
  • Larose, J., H.E. Wright, R.J. Sigal, P. Boulay, S. Hardcastle, and G.P. Kenny: Do older females store more heat than younger females during exercise in the heat? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 45(12):2265–2276 (2013).
  • Gagnon, D., and G.P. Kenny: Sex differences in thermoeffector responses during exercise at fixed requirements for heat loss. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 113(5):746–757 (2012).
  • Stapleton, J.M., J.E. Yardley, P. Boulay, R.J. Sigal, and G.P. Kenny: Whole-body heat loss during exercise in the heat is not impaired in type 1 diabetes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 45(9):1656–1664 (2013).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.