Assessing occupational erionite and respirable crystalline silica exposure among outdoor workers in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana

References

• Eakle, A.S.: Erionite, a new zeolite. Am. J. Sci. 6:66–68 (1898).
   Google Scholar
• Coombs, D.S. and A. Alberti, T. Armbruster, et al.: Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Eur. J. Miner. 10(5):1037–1081 (1998).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan, A.U. and M. Dogan: Re-evaluation and re-classification of erionite series minerals. Environ. Geochem. Health 30(4):355–366 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9163-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumpton, F.A. and W.C. Ormsby: Morphology of zeolites in the sedimentary rocks by scanning electron microscopy. Clays Miner. 24:1–23 (1976).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deffeyes, K.S.: Erionite from Cenozoic tuffaceous sediments. Central Nevada. Am. Mineralog. 44:501–509 (1959).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gosen, B.S., Blitz, G. Plumlee, G. Meeker, and M.P. Pierson: Geologic occurrences of erionite in the United States: An emerging national public health concern for respiratory disease. Environ. Geochem. Health 35(4):419–430 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-012-9504-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USGS (U.S. Geological Survey): Occurrences of Erionite in Sedimentary Rocks of the Western United States. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1996. Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0018/report.pdf (accessed September 2015).
   Google Scholar
• Carbone, M., S. Emri, A. Dogan, et al.: A mesothelioma epidemic in Cappadocia: Scientific developments and unexpected social outcomes. Nat. Rev. Cancer 7(2):147–154 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliment, C., K. Clemens, and T. Oury: North American erionite-associated mesothelioma with pleural plaques and pulmonary fibrosis: A case report. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 2(4):407–410 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rom, W., K. Casey, W. Parry, C. Mjaatvedt, and F. Moatamed: Health implications of natural fibrous zeolites in the intermountain west. Environ. Res. 30(1):1–8 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Lyons, France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2004. pp. 311–316. Available at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100C/index.php.
   Google Scholar
• Baris, Y.I., A.A. Sahin, M. Ozesme, et al.: An outbreak of pleural mesothelioma and chronic fibrosis pleurisy in the village of Karain Urgup in Anatolia. Thorax 33(2):181–192 (1978). Available at https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.33.2.181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baris, Y.I. and P. Grandjene: Prospective study of mesothelioma mortality in Turkish villages with exposure to fibrous zeolite. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 98(6):414–417 (2006). Available at https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djj106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carbone, M., I. Baris, P. Bertino, et al.: Erionite exposure in North Dakota and Turkish villages with mesothelioma. PNAS 108(33):13618–13623 (2011). Available at https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105887108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilgren, E.B., B.M. Ortega, L.J. Castro, G. Loustaunau, and A. Fuentes: A reconnaissance study of a potential emerging Mexican mesothelioma epidemic due to fibrous zeolite exposure. Indoor Built Environ. 17(6):496–515 (2008a).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilgren, E.B., F.D. Pooley, J.C. Larragoitia, et al.: First confirmed. erionite related mesothelioma in North America. Indoor Built Environ. 16(6):496–510 (2008). Available at https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X08099908.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, P., M. Dihle, S. Griffin, et al.: Erionite in road gravel associated with interstitial and pleural changes – An occupational hazard in western United States. JOEM 53(8):892–898 (2011). Available at https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318223d44c.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH: In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 4th ed., P.C. Schlecht and P.F. O'Connor (eds.). Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 94–113 (August 1994), 2017. 1st Supplement Publication 96–135, 2nd Supplement Publication 98–119; 3rd Supplement 2003–154.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH: Current Intelligence Bulletin 62: Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No 2011–159, 2011. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-159/pdfs/2011-159.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jurinski, J. and N. Jurinski: A proposed control limit for exposure to airborne erionite fibers. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 16(6):429–434 (1997). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047322X.1997.10389532.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH: NIOSH Hazard Review: Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2002–129, 2002, 2002. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-129/.
   Google Scholar
• OSHA: OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits for Silica. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2017. Available at: https://www.osha.gov/silica/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH: NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010–168c, 2010. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/.
   Google Scholar
• ACGIH: 2015 TLVs® and BEIs®: Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2015, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH: In Health Hazard Evaluation Report: Evaluation of Erionite and Silica Exposure during Dirt Road Maintenance, C. Beaucham, M. Harper, B. King (eds.). Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH HHE Report No. 2012-0141-3320, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH: In Health Hazard Evaluation Report: Evaluation of Erionite and Silica Exposure during Forestry Activities, C. Beaucham, M. Harper, B. King, A. Dozier (eds.). Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH HHE Report No. 2012-0061-3244, 2015, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Harper, M., A. Dozier, J. Chouinard, and R. Ray: Analysis of erionite from volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks and possible implications for toxicological research. Am. Minerol. 102(8):1718–1726 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan, M.: Quantitative characterization of the mesothelioma-inducing erionite series minerals by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Scanning 34(1):37–42 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIOSH: Consideration of Sampler Wall Deposits. Inclusion of Material Adhering to Internal Cassette Surfaces during Sampling and Analysis of Airborne Particles. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM). (2014a). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/cassetteguidance.html.
   Google Scholar
• Bish, D.L. and S.J. Chipera: Detection of trace amounts of erionite using X-ray powder diffraction: Erionite in tuffs of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and central Turkey. Clay Miner. 39(4):437–445 (1991). Available at https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EPA: Bulk Sampling for Asbestos. Athens, GA: Science and Ecosystem Support Division, 2013. SESDGUID-104-R1.
   Google Scholar
• Januch, J., W. Brattin, L. Woodbury, and D. Berry: Evaluation of a fluidized bed asbestos segregator preparation method for the analysis of low-levels of asbestos in soil and other solid media. Anal. Meth. 5(7):1658–1668 (2013).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farcas, D., M. Harper, J. Januch, et al.: Evaluation of fluidized bed asbestos segregator to determine erionite in soil. Environ. Earth Sci. 76:126 (2017). Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6438-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanamala, N., E.R. Kisin, D.W. Gutkin, M.R. Shurin, M. Harper, and A.A. Shvedova: Characterization of pulmonary responses in mice to asbestos/asbestiform fibers using gene expression profiles. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 81(4):67–79 (2018).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan, A.U., Y.I. Baris, M. Dogan, et al.: Genetic predisposition to fiber carcinogenesis causes a mesothelioma epidemic in Turkey. Cancer Res. 66:5063–5068 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saini-Eidukat, B. and J.W. Triplett: Erionite and offretite from the Killdeer Mountains, Dunn County, North Dakota, U.S.A. Am. Minerol. 99:8–15 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballirano, P. and A. Pacella: Erionite-Na upon heating: Dehydration dynamics and exchangeable cation mobility. Sci. Rep. 6:22786 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NTP-(National Toxicology Program): Erionite. Rep. Carcinog. 12:183–184 (2011). Available at http://www.iaff.org/HS/PDF/12th%20Report%20on%20Carcinogens%20-%202011.pdf.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emri, S.: The Cappadocia mesothelioma epidemic: Its influence in Turkey and abroad. Ann. Translation. Med. 5:239 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• University of Hawaii Cancer Center: Cancer-causing Mineral Found in U.S. Road Gravel: Erionite in Roads May Increase Risk of Mesothelioma. ScienceDaily (2011). Available at www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110725162527.htm (accessed February 8, 2017).
   Google Scholar
• Cecala, A.B., J.A. Organiscak, J.D. Noll, and J.P. Rider: Key components for an effective filtration and pressurization system for mobile mining equipment. Min. Eng. 66(1):44–50 (2014).
   Google Scholar