528
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Short Report

Risk assessment studies of the impact of occupational exposure of pharmaceutical workers on the development of antimicrobial drug resistance

References

  • Agius R. 1989. Occupational exposure limits for therapeutic substances. Ann Occup Hyg. 33(4):555–562. doi:10.1093/annhyg/33.4.555
  • Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI). 1995. Guidance on setting in-house occupational exposure limits for therapeutic substances and their intermediates. London: ABPI.
  • Bashir AT, Mujahid TY, Jehan N. 2007. Antibiotic resistance profile: isolation and characterization of clinical isolates of staphylococci from patients with community-acquired skin infections. Pak J Pharm Sci. 20(4):299–304. PMID: 17604253.
  • Bergey DH, Holt JG. 1994. Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. 9th ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins.
  • Binks SP. 2003. Occupational toxicology and the control of exposure to pharmaceutical agents at work. Occup Med (Lond). 53(6):363–370. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqg116
  • Cappuccino JG, and Sherman N. 2005. Microbiology: a laboratory manual. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
  • Cars O, Högberg LD, Murray M, Nordberg O, Sivaraman S, Lundborg CS, So AD, Tomson G. 2008. Meeting the challenge of antibiotic resistance. BMJ. 337:a1438. doi:10.1136/bmj.a1438
  • Coast JT, Smith RD, Millar MR. 1996. Superbugs: should antimicrobial resistance be included as a cost in economic evaluation? Health Econ. 5(3):217–226. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199605)5:3 < 217::AID-HEC200 > 3.0.CO;2-S
  • Faiz MT, Basher A. 2011. Antimicrobial resistance: Bangladesh experience. Regional Health Forum. 15(1):1–8.
  • Fiebelkorn KT, Crawford SA, McElmeel ML, Jorgensen JH. 2003. Practical disk diffusion method for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol. 41(10):4740–4744. doi:10.1128/jcm.41.10.4740-4744.2003
  • Gaudreau C. 2013. Disk diffusion method for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. J Clin Microbiol. 51(1):380. doi:10.1128/JCM.02363-12
  • Haddadin RT, Saleh SA, Ayyash MA, Collier PJ. 2013. Occupational exposure of pharmaceutical workers to drug actives and excipients and their effect on Staphylococcus spp. nasal carriage and antibiotic resistance. Int J Occup Environ Health. 19(3):207–214. doi:10.1179/2049396713Y.0000000035
  • Heron RJL, Pickering FC. 2003. Health effects of exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Occup Med (Lond). 53(6):357–362. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqg115
  • Huys G, D'Haene K, Swings J. 2002. Influence of the culture medium on antibiotic susceptibility testing of food-associated lactic acid bacteria with the agar overlay disc diffusion method. Lett Appl Microbiol. 34(6):402–406. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01109.x
  • Jeebhay MT, Mbuli S. 1993. Health hazards in the pharmaceutical industry. Critical Health. 43:22–26.
  • Jorgensen JT, Ferraro MJ. 2009. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a review of general principles and contemporary practices. Clin Infect Dis. 49(11):1749–1755. doi:10.1086/647952
  • McGregor A. 1997. Counterfeit drugs flood developing world. Lancet. 350(9092):1690. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64302-4
  • McHattie GT, Rackham M, Teasdale EL. 1988. The derivation of occupational exposure limits in the pharmaceutical industry. J Soc Occup Med. 38(4):105–108. doi:10.1093/occmed/38.4.105
  • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). 2012. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Twenty second informational supplement NCCLS document M100-S22. Wayne (PA): Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
  • Okeke IT, Lamikanra A, Edelman R. 1999. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors leading to acquired bacterial resistance to antibiotics in developing countries. Emerging Infect Dis. 5(1):18–27. doi:10.3201/eid0501.990103
  • Rodloff AT, Bauer T, Ewig S, Kujath P, Müller E. 2008. Susceptible, intermediate, and resistant - the intensity of antibiotic action. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 105(39):657–662. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0657
  • Sargent ET, Kirk GD. 1988. Establishing airborne exposure control limits in the pharmaceutical industry. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 49(6):309–313. doi:10.1080/15298668891379792
  • Scott AJ. 2003. Occupational health in the pharmaceutical industry: an overview. Occup Med (Lond). 53(6):354–356. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqg114
  • Smith RT, Coast J, Millar MR. 1996. Over-the-counter antimicrobials: the hidden costs of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 37(5):1031–1032. doi:10.1093/jac/37.5.1031
  • Smith RD, Coast J. 2002. Antimicrobial resistance: a global response. Bull. World Health Org. 80:126–133.
  • Taylor RT, Shakoor O, Behrens RH. 1995. Drug quality, a contributor to drug resistance? Lancet. 346(8967):122. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92145-1
  • Teichman RT, Fallon LF, Jr, Brandt-Rauf PW. 1988. Health effects on workers in the pharmaceutical industry: a review. J Soc Occup Med. 38(3):55–57. doi:10.1093/occmed/38.3.55

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.