Probability of hyperthermia in a hot environment while wearing a liquid cooling garment underneath firefighters' protective clothing

References

• Aljaroudi A, Kadis D, Bhattacharya A, Strauch A, Quinn T, Williams WJ. 2020. Effect of continuous cooling on inhibition and attention while wearing firefighter’s PPE in a hot environment. J Occup Environ Hyg. 17(5):243–252. doi:10.1080/15459624.2020.1726933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 2017. Heat stress and strain: TLV® Physical Agents 7th Edition Documentation (2017). TLVs and BEIs with 7th Edition Documentation, CD-ROM. Cincinnati, OH.
   Google Scholar
• Banes CJ. 2014. Firefighters’ cardiovascular risk behaviors: Effective interventions and cultural congruence. Workplace Health Saf. 62(1):27–34. doi:10.3928/21650799-20131220-05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr D, Gregson W, Reilly T. 2010. The thermal ergonomics of firefighting reviewed. Appl Ergon. 41(1):161–172. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2009.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr D, Gregson W, Sutton L, Reilly T. 2009. A practical cooling strategy for reducing the physiological strain associated with firefighting activity in the heat. Ergonomics. 52(4):413–420. doi:10.1080/00140130802707675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr D, Reilly T, Gregson W. 2011. The impact of different cooling modalities on the physiological responses in firefighters during strenuous work performed in high environmental temperatures. Eur J Appl Physiol. 111(6):959–967. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1714-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett BL, Hagan RD, Huey KA, Minson C, Cain D. 1995. Comparison of two cool vests on heat-strain reduction while wearing a firefighting ensemble. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 70(4):322–328. doi:10.1007/BF00865029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg GAV. 1982. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 14(5):377–381. doi:10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce RA. 1971. Exercise testing of patients with coronary heart disease. Principles and normal standards for evaluation. Ann Clin Res. 3(6):323–332. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5156892.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CDC/NIOSH. 2007. Preventing fire fighter fatalities due to heart attacks and other sudden cardiovascular events. https://doi.org/2007-133. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/adult_bmi/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Dunford M. 2010. Water, electrolytes, and fluid balance. In: Dunford M, editor. Fundamentals of sport and exercise nutrition. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; p. 111–130.
   Google Scholar
• Elsner KL, Kolkhorst FW. 2008. Metabolic demands of simulated firefighting tasks. Ergonomics. 51(9):1418–1425. doi:10.1080/00140130802120259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster J, Hodder SG, Lloyd AB, Havenith G. 2020. Individual responses to heat stress: implications for hyperthermia and physical work capacity. Front Physiol. 11:1147. doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.541483
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havenith G. 2001. Individualized model of human thermoregulation for the simulation of heat stress response. J Appl Physiol. 90(5):1943–1954. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang YJ, Kim JH, Lee JY. 2015. Effects of menthol on thermoregulatory responses after exercise-induced hyperthermia. Extr Physiol Med. 4(Suppl 1):A6. doi:10.1186/2046-7648-4-S1-A6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kales SN, Soteriades ES, Christophi CA, Christiani DC. 2007. Emergency duties and deaths from heart disease among firefighters in the United States. N Engl J Med. 356(12):1207–1215. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katica CP, Pritchett RC, Pritchett KL, Del Pozzi AT, Balilionis G, Burnham T. 2011. Effects of forearm vs. leg submersion in work tolerance time in a hot environment while wearing firefighter protective clothing. J Occup Environ Hyg. 8 (8):473–477. doi:10.1080/15459624.2011.590743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenney WL, Tankersley CG, Newswanger DL, Hyde DE, Puhl SM, Turner NL. 1990. Age and hypohydration independently influence the peripheral vascular response to heat stress. J Appl Physiol (1985). 68(5):1902–1908. doi:10.1152/jappl.1990.68.5.1902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Coca A, Williams WJ, Roberge RJ. 2011. Effects of liquid cooling garments on recovery and performance time in individuals performing strenuous work wearing a firefighter ensemble. J Occup Environ Hyg. 8(7):409–416. doi:10.1080/15459624.2011.584840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J-H, Roberge RJ, Shafer A, Powell JB, Williams WJ. 2012. Measurement accuracy of heart rate and respiratory rate during graded exercise and sustained exercise in the heat using the Zephyr BioHarness. Int J Sports Med. 34(06):497–501. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1327661
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koscheyev VS, Coca A, Leon GR, Dancisak MJ. 2002. Individual thermal profiles as a basis for comfort improvement in space and other environments. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 73(12):1195–1202.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krasny J, Rockett JA, Huang D. 1988. Protecting fire fighters exposed in room fires: comparison of results of bench scale test for thermal protection and conditions during room flashover. Fire Technol. 24(1):5–19. doi:10.1007/BF01039637
   Google Scholar
• Mani A, Musolin K, James K, Kincer G, Alexander B, Succop P, Lovett W, Jetter WA, Bhattacharya A. 2013. Risk factors associated with live fire training: buildup of heat stress and fatigue, recovery and role of micro-breaks. Occup Ergon. 11(2,3):109–121. doi:10.3233/OER-130212
   Google Scholar
• Mani A, Rao M, James K, Bhattacharya A. 2015. Individualized prediction of heat stress in firefighters: a data-driven approach using classification and regression trees. J Occup Environ Hyg. 12(12):845–854. doi:10.1080/15459624.2015.1069298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtari Yazdi M, Sheikhzadeh M. 2014. Personal cooling garments: a review. J. Texile Inst. 105(12):1231–1250. doi:10.1080/00405000.2014.895088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran DS, Shitzer A, Pandolf KB. 1998. A physiological strain index to evaluate heat stress. Am J Physiol. 275(1):R129–R134. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.1.R129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NFPA. 2008. NFPA 1584, Standard on the rehabilitation process for members during emergency operations and training exercises. Quincy (MA): NFPA.
   Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan SB. 1984. Perceived exertion. A review. Phys Ther. 64(3):343–346. doi:10.1093/ptj/64.3.343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanathan NL. 1964. A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body. J Appl Physiol. 19:531–533. doi:10.1152/jappl.1964.19.3.531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi R. 2003. Fire fighting and its influence on the body. Ergonomics. 46(10):1017–1033. doi:10.1080/0014013031000121968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selkirk GA, McLellan TM, Wong J. 2004. Active versus passive cooling during work in warm environments while wearing firefighting protective clothing. J Occup Environ Hyg. 1(8):521–531. doi:10.1080/15459620490475216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tikuisis P, McLellan TM, Selkirk G. 2002. Perceptual versus physiological heat strain during exercise-heat stress. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34(9):1454–1461. doi:10.1097/00005768-200209000-00009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder CM, Pranger LA, Wiesmann WP, Stachenfeld N, Bogucki S. 2008. An experimental model of heat storage in working firefighters. Prehosp Emerg Care. 12(2):225–235. doi:10.1080/10903120801907430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams WJ, Coca A, Roberge R, Shepherd A, Powell J, Shaffer RE. 2011. Physiological responses to wearing a prototype firefighter ensemble compared with a standard ensemble. J Occup Environ Hyg. 8(1):49–57. doi:10.1080/15459624.2011.538358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar