References
- Allen J, Spengler J, Jones E, Cedeno-Laurent J. 2020. 5 step guide to checking ventilation rates in classrooms. Schools for Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health [Internet]; [accessed 2022 Nov 21]. https://schools.forhealth.org/ventilation-guide/.
- Allen JG, Ibrahim AM. 2021. Indoor air changes and potential implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. JAMA. 325(20):2112–2113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.5053.
- Almeida-Silva M, Wolterbeek HT, Almeida SM. 2014. Elderly exposure to indoor air pollutants. Atmos Environ. 85:54–63. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.061.
- ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE. 2017. ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2017, Ventilation of Health Care Facilities [Internet]; [accessed 2022 Jul 25]. https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines/standards-addenda/ansi-ashrae-ashe-standard-170-2017-ventilation-of-health-care-facilities.
- CDC. 2021. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]; [accessed 2022 Jul 18]. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/sars-cov-2-transmission.html.
- Charlesworth PS. 1988. Air exchange rate and airtightness measurement techniques—an applications guide [Internet]. [place unknown]; [accessed 2022 Dec 5]. https://www.aivc.org/sites/default/files/members_area/medias/pdf/Guides/GUAG%20MEASUREMENT%20TECHNIQUES.pdf.
- Cheng VCC, Wong S-C, Chen JHK, Yip CCY, Chuang VWM, Tsang OTY, Sridhar S, Chan JFW, Ho P-L, Yuen K-Y. 2020. Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 41(5):493–498. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.58.
- Escombe AR, Oeser CC, Gilman RH, Navincopa M, Ticona E, Pan W, Martínez C, Chacaltana J, Rodríguez R, Moore DAJ, et al. 2007. Natural ventilation for the prevention of airborne contagion. PLoS Med. 4(2):e68. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040068.
- Fluke. 2023. Fluke 922 Airflow Meter/Micromanometer [Internet]. [accessed 2023 Jul 2]. https://www.fluke.com/en-us/product/building-infrastructure/indoor-air-quality-testing/fluke-922.
- Frankel M, Bekö G, Timm M, Gustavsen S, Hansen EW, Madsen AM. 2012. Seasonal variations of indoor microbial exposures and their relation to temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rate. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78(23):8289–8297. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02069-12.
- Guo H, Morawska L, He C, Gilbert D. 2008. Impact of ventilation scenario on air exchange rates and on indoor particle number concentrations in an air-conditioned classroom. Atmos Environ. 42(4):757–768. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.070.
- Harris-Kojetin L, Sengupta M, Lendon J, Rome V, Valverde R, Caffrey C. 2019. Long-term care providers and services users in the United States, 2015-2016. Vital Health Stat. 3(43):6.
- Kaiser Family Foundation. 2022. Total number of residents in certified nursing facilities [Internet]. [accessed 2022 Nov 4]. https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/number-of-nursing-facility-residents/.
- Lansbury LE, Brown CS, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. 2017. Influenza in long-term care facilities. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 11(5):356–366. doi: 10.1111/irv.12464.
- Linde KJ, Wouters IM, Kluytmans JAJW, Kluytmans-van den Bergh MFQ, Pas SD, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Koopmans MPG, Meier M, Meijer P, Raben CR, et al. 2022. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces in rooms of infected nursing home residents. Ann Work Expo Health. 67(1):129–140. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxac056.
- Long JS, Ervin LH. 2000. Using heteroscedasticity consistent standard errors in the linear regression model. Am Statist. 54(3):217–224. doi: 10.2307/2685594.
- Marr D, Mason M, Mosley R, Liu X. 2012. The influence of opening windows and doors on the natural ventilation rate of a residential building. HVAC&R Res. 18(1-2):195–203. doi: 10.1080/10789669.2011.585423.
- McMichael TM, Currie DW, Clark S, Pogosjans S, Kay M, Schwartz NG, Lewis J, Baer A, Kawakami V, Lukoff MD, et al. 2020. Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a long-term care facility in King County, Washington. N Engl J Med. 382(21):2005–2011. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2005412.
- Morawska L, Tang JW, Bahnfleth W, Bluyssen PM, Boerstra A, Buonanno G, Cao J, Dancer S, Floto A, Franchimon F, et al. 2020. How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised? Environ Int. 142:105832. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105832.
- National Institute on Aging. 2017. Residential facilities, assisted living, and nursing homes. National Institute on Aging [Internet]; [accessed 2022 Jul 22]. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/residential-facilities-assisted-living-and-nursing-homes.
- Offermann F. 2009. Ventilation and indoor air quality in new homes [Internet]. [place unknown]: California Enivornmental Protection Agency. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310952768_VENTILATION_AND_INDOOR_AIR_QUALITY_IN_NEW_HOMES.
- Sacht H, Lukiantchuki MA. 2017. Windows size and the performance of natural ventilation. Procedia Eng. 196:972–979. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.038.
- US EPA. 2014. Improving indoor air quality [Internet]. [accessed 2022 Jul 18]. https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/improving-indoor-air-quality.
- US EPA. 2019. How much ventilation do I need in my home to improve indoor air quality? [Internet]. [accessed 2022 Jul 22]. https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/how-much-ventilation-do-i-need-my-home-improve-indoor-air-quality.
- US EPA. 2020. Air cleaners, HVAC filters, and coronavirus (COVID-19) [Internet]. [accessed 2022 Dec 5]. https://www.epa.gov/coronavirus/air-cleaners-hvac-filters-and-coronavirus-covid-19.
- Vosentech. 2023. Vosentech MicroFogger 3 Lite [Internet]. https://vosentech.com/index.php/product/microfogger-3-lite/.
- Washington State Department of Health. 2022. COVID-19 long term care monthly report. Washington State Department of Health Publication DOH 420-285. 5.
- Washington State Department of Social and Health Service. 2022. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services | Transforming Lives [Internet]. [accessed 2022 Nov 30]. https://www.dshs.wa.gov/.
- Washington State Legislature. 2008. WAC 388-97-4040: ventilation systems in new construction. [Internet]. [accessed 2022 Jul 22]. https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=388-97-4040.
- Washington State Nurses Association. 2020. Long-term care in Washington. WSNA [Internet]; [accessed 2022 Jul 18]. https://www.wsna.org/news/2020/long-term-care-in-washington.
- Weather Underground. 2023. Local weather forecast, news and conditions | Weather Underground [Internet]. [accessed 2022 Nov 30]. https://www.wunderground.com/.
- White H. 1980. A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica. 48(4):817–838. doi: 10.2307/1912934.