Driving Privileges Facilitate Impaired Driving in Those Youths Who Use Alcohol or Marijuana

REFERENCES

• Adalf , E. M. , Mann , R. E. , & Paglia , A. ( 2003 ). Drinking, cannabis use, and driving among Ontario students . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 168 , 565 – 566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , S. P. , Chen , L. H. , & Guohua , L. ( 2006 ). National evaluation of graduated drivers licensing programs ( Publication No. DOT HS 810 614 ). Washington , DC : NHTSA . Retrieved July 25, 2006, from www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/NewDriver/GDL_7-21-06.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control ( 2006 ). Youth online: Comprehensive results . Washington , DC : Author . Retrieved June 26, 2006, from http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/yrbss/QuestYearTable.asp? ByVar=CI&cat=1&quest=Q11&loc=XX&year=2005 .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Transportation ( 2002 ). Observational study of the extent of driving while suspended for alcohol-impaired driving, NHTSA . Washington , DC : NHTSA . Retrieved June 11, 2006, from www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/research/observation_study/index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Everett , S. A. , Shults , R. A. , Barrios , L. C. , Sacks , J. J. , Lowry , R. , & Oeltmann , J. ( 2001 ). Trends and subgroup differences in transportation: Related risk and safety behaviors among high school students, 1991–1997 . Journal of Adolescent Health , 28 , 228 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foss , R. D. , Feaganes , J. R. , & Rodgman , E. A. ( 2001 ). Initial effects of graduated driver licensing on 16-year-old driver crashes in North Carolina . Journal of the American Medical Association , 286 , 1588 – 1592 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety ( 2005a ). Q&A Teenagers: General . Arlington , VA : Author . Retrieved May 25, 2006, from www.iihs.org/research/quanda/teens.html.
   Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety ( 2005b ). Q&A Teenagers: Underage drinking . Arlington , VA : Author . Available: www.hwysafety.org/research/qanda/underage.html.
   Google Scholar
• Jonah , D. A. & Dawson N. E.. ( 1987 ). Youth and risk: Age differences in risky driving, risk perception, and risk utility . Alcohol, Drugs and Driving , 3 , 13 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , L. D. & O'Malley , P. M. ( 1985 ). Issues of validity and population coverage in student surveys of drug use . In B. A. Rouse , N. J. Dozel , & L. G. Richards (Eds.), Self-report methods of estimating drug use: Meeting current challenges to validity . ( DHHS Publication No. ADM 85-1402 , pp. 31 – 54 ). Rockville , MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , L. D. & O'Malley , P. M. ( 1997 ). The recanting of earlier reported drug use by young adults . In L. Harrison & A. Hughes (Eds.), The validity of self-reported drug use: Improving the accuracy of survey estimates (pp. 59 – 80 ). Research Monograph 167. NIH Publication no. 97-4147 . Rockville , MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , T. F. , Thombs , D. L. , & Olds , R. S. ( 2005 ). Profiles of alcohol and marijuana-impaired adolescent drivers . Addiction: Research and Theory , 13 , 145 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy , D. M. & Brown , S. A. ( 2004 ). Changes in alcohol involvement, cognitions, and drinking and driving behavior for youth after they obtain a driver's license . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 65 , 289 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• National Highway Transportation Safety Administration ( 2003 ). Safety belts and older teens–2005 Report . Washington , DC : DOT . Retrieved May 25, 2006, from http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/NewDriver/beltsandTeenfacts/pages/Refs.htm.
   Google Scholar
• National Highway Transportation Safety Administration ( 2005 ). Traffic safety facts: Repeat intoxicated driver laws . Washington , DC : DOT . Retrieved June 26, 2006, from www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20 Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/RepeatIntoxDriv2005.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• O'Kane , C. J. , Tutt , D. C. , & Bauer , L. A. ( 2002 ). Cannabis and driving: A new perspective . Emergency Medicine , 14 , 296 – 303 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Malley , P. M. & Johnston , L. D. ( 1999 ). Drinking and driving among U.S. high school seniors, 1984–1997 . American Journal of Public Health , 89 , 678 – 684 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaekers , J. G. , Moeller , M. R. , van Ruitenbeek , P. , Theunissen , E. L. , Schneider , E. , & Kauert , G. ( 2006 ). Cognition and motor control as a function of THC concentration in serum and oral fluid: Limits of impairment . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 85 , 114 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabel , J. C. , Bensley , L. S. , & Van Eenwyk , J. ( 2004 ). Associations between adolescent drinking and driving involvement and self-reported risk and protective factors in students in public schools in Washington State . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 65 , 213 – 214 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ulmer , R. G. , Preusser , D. F. , Williams , A. F. , Ferguson , S. A. , & Farmer , C. M. ( 2000 ). Effect of Florida's graduated licensing program on the crash rate of teenage drivers . Accident Analysis and Prevention , 32 , 527 – 532 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( 2000 ). Healthy people 2010 ( , 2nd ed. ). Washington , DC : Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar