The Beginnings of the Zheng He Voyages: Nanjing and the Indian Ocean World, 1405–1433

Bibliography

• Batuta, Ibn. The Travels of Ibn Batuta. London: Darf Publishers, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Cao Lin 曹凜. “Zheng He sanxia Xiyang chuanbo de jianzao yu jianyan” 鄭和三下西洋 船舶的建造與檢驗 (The construction and examination of the ships used in Zheng He’s third voyage to the Western Ocean). Zhongguo chuanjian 中國船檢, 2 (2013): 95–6.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, Kuei-sheng. “The Maritime Scene in China at the Dawn of the Great European Discovery.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 94, no. 3 (July-Sept. 1974): 347–59. doi: 10.2307/600069
   Google Scholar
• Chao Zhongchen 晁中辰. Mingchao de duiwai jiaoliu 明朝的對外交流 (The Ming foreign communications). Nanjing: Nanjing chubanshe, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Chen Jian 陳建. Huang Ming tongji 皇明通紀 (Comprehensive history of the August Ming). Rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Chen Zhongping 陳忠平. Zouxiang duoyuan wenhua de quanqiushi: Zheng He xia Xiyang ji Zhongguo yu Yinduyang shijie de guanxi 走向多元文化的全球史：鄭和下西洋及中國與印度洋世界的關係 (Toward a multicultural global history: Zheng He’s maritime voyages and China’s relations with the Indian Ocean world). Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng Minzheng 程敏政. Huang Ming wenheng 皇明文衡 (Collected writings from the August Ming). 1529. Rpt. Taibei: Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan, 1967.
   Google Scholar
• Church, Sally. “Investigating Zheng He’s Ships: What is Known and Knowable.” In Ming China: Courts and Contacts 1400–1450, edited by Criag Clunas, Jessica Harrison-Hall, and Luk Yu-ping, 197–205. London: The British Museum, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Church, Sally. “Zheng He: An Investigation into the Plausibility of 450-Ft Treasure Ships.” Monumenta Serica, 53 (2005): 1–43. doi: 10.1179/mon.2005.53.1.001
   Google Scholar
• Church, Sally. “The Colossal Ships of Zheng He: Image or Reality?” In Zheng He: Images and Perceptions, edited by Claudine Salmon, and Roderich Ptak, 155–76. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Dreyer, Edward. Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Duyvendak, J.J.L. “The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expedition in the Early Fifteenth Century.” T’oung Pao, 34, no. 5 (1938): 341–413. doi: 10.1163/156853238X00171
   Google Scholar
• Duyvendak, J.J.L. Ma Huan Re-examined. Amsterdam: Uitgave Van De N.V. Noord-Hollansche Uitageversmaatschappij, 1933.
   Google Scholar
• Fan Jingwen 范景文. Nanshu zhi 南樞志 (Gazetteer of the Nanjing Ministry of War). Late Ming. Rpt. Taibei: Chongwen chubanshe, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Fan Jinmin 范金民 ed. Nanjing tongshi: Mingdai juan 南京通史：明代卷 (Comprehensive history of Nanjing: the Ming volume). Nanjing: Nanjing chubanshe, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Fan Jinmin and Xia Weizhong 夏維中. “Mingdai zhongyang zhiran jigou kaoshu” 明 代中央織染機構考述 (On the central weaving agencies of the Ming). Mingshi yanjiu 明史研究, 4 (1994): 44–50.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, Jun. China’s Second Capital – Nanjing under the Ming, 1368–1644. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2014 & 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Fang Jun 方駿. “Mingdai Nanjing de neiwai shoubei” 明代南京的內外守備 (The grand commandants and eunuch commandants in Ming Nanjing). In Zhongguoshi tanze 中國史探賾 (Perspectives on Chinese history), edited by Fang Jun and Luo Tianyou 羅天佑, 107–12. Hong Kong: Huaxia wenhua yishu chubanshe, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, Jun. “The Military Triumvirate in the Southern Capital of the Ming Dynasty.” Ming Studies, 37 (Fall 1997): 7–21.
   Google Scholar
• Farmer, Edward. Early Ming Government: The Evolution of Dual Capitals. Cambridge, MA: East Asian Research Council of Harvard University, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Fei, Si-yen. Negotiating Urban Space: Urbanization and Late Ming Nanjing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Fei Xin 費信. Xingcha shenglan 星槎勝覽 (Overall survey of the starry raft). Rpt. Taibei: Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Feng Xingsheng 馮興盛. “Sulu guowang fang Ming de jige wenti” 蘇祿國王訪明的幾 個問題 (Issues concerning the sultan of Sulu and his visit to Ming China). Lishi yanjiu 歷史研究, 2 (1991): 153–5.
   Google Scholar
• Finlay, Robert. “Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camóes’s Lusiads and Luo Maodeng’s Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 34, no. 2 (April 1992): 225–41. doi: 10.1017/S0010417500017667
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foccardi, Gabriele. The Chinese Travelers of the Ming Period. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz Verlag, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Fu Lang 傅朗. “Fujian yu Zheng He xia Xiyang de chuanzhi” 福建與鄭和下西洋的船隻 (Fujian and the ships employed in Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean). Dongnan xueshu 東南學術, 1 (2006): 161–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ge Yinliang 葛寅亮. Jinling fancha zhi 金陵梵刹志 (Gazetteer of the Daoist monasteries in Nanjing). Rpt. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Gong Zhen 鞏珍. Annotated by Xiang Da 向達. Xiyang fanguo zhi 西洋番國志 (Records on countries from the Western Ocean region). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1961.
   Google Scholar
• Gu Qiyuan 顧起元. Kezuo zhuiyu客座贅語 (Idle talks with the guests). 1617. Rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Han Pinzheng 韓品崢. “Zheng He yu Nanjing Jingjuesi” 鄭和與南京淨覺寺 (Zheng He and the Jingjue Mosque in Nanjing). Wenshi zazhi 文史雜誌, 2 (1985): 41 & 60.
   Google Scholar
• He Xiaorong 何孝榮. “Fojiao yihuo Yisilanjiao? Yelun Zheng He de zongjiao xinyang” 佛教抑或伊斯蘭教？也論鄭和的宗教信仰 (Buddhism or Islam? On Zheng He’s religious belief). Gudai wenming 古代文明, 12, no. 3 (July 2018): 75–92.
   Google Scholar
• Huang Zongxi 黃宗羲. Ming wenhai 明文海 (Collection of literary works from the Ming dynasty). 1693. Rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Kong Yang 孔洋. “Lun Mingchu Tianfei Xinyang zai Nanjing de jiangou” 論明初天妃 信仰在南京的建構 (On the creation of Tianfei worship in early Ming Nanjing). Zheng He yanjiu, 4 (2011): 25–34.
   Google Scholar
• Kurz, Jophannes. “Two Early Ming Texts on Borneo.” Ming Studies, 70 (November 2014): 60–72.
   Google Scholar
• Lai Zhengwei 賴正維. “Mingdai Fujian zaochuan hanghai jishu xiang haiwai chuanbo shulüe” 明代福建造船航海技術向海外傳播述略 (The spread of shipbuilding and navigation technologies from Fujian to overseas countries during the Ming period). Putian xueyuan xuebao 莆田學院學報, 12, no. 3 (June 2005): 28–31.
   Google Scholar
• Lai Zhengwei 賴正維. “Ming Qing shiqi Fujian yanhai diqu yu Liuqiu zaochuan hanghai jishu jiaoliu kaoshu” 明清時期福建沿海地區與琉球造船航海技術交流考述 (On the exchange of shipbuilding and navigation technologies between Fujian and Ryukyu during the Ming-Qing period). Changsha dianli xueyuan xuebao 長沙電力學院學報, 18, no. 4 (Nov. 2003): 79–83.
   Google Scholar
• Levathes, Louise. When China Ruled the Sea: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne 1405–1433. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Li Dongyang 李東陽. Da Ming huidian 大明彙典 (Collected administrative statutes of the Ming dynasty). Taibei: Zhongwen shuju, 1963.
   Google Scholar
• Li Deng 李登. Jiangning xianzhi 上元縣志 (Gazetteer of Shangyuan county). Nanjing: Nanjing chubanshe, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Li Longqian 李龍潛. “Mingdai Nanjing Ma Kuai chuan kaoshi” 明代南京馬快船考釋 (A study of the horse and fast ships produced in Ming Nanjing). Jinan shixue 暨南史學, 3 (2004): 202–25.
   Google Scholar
• Li Rongchao 李榮潮 and Chen Zuyi 陳祖貽. Jiangning xianzhi 江寧縣誌 (Gazetteer of Jiangning county). Beijing: Dang’an chubanshe, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Li Zhaoxiang 李昭祥. Longjiang chuanchang zhi 龍江船廠志 (Gazetteer of the Longjiang Shipyard). Rpt. Nanjing: Jiangsu guji chubanshe, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Lin Jinzhi 林金枝 and Zhang Lianying 張蓮英. “Zheng He xia Xiyang yu Fujian huaqiao” 鄭和下西洋與福建華僑 (On the relationship between Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean and the Fujian-born overseas Chinese). Nanyang wenti 南洋問題, 2 (1985): 75–85.
   Google Scholar
• Lin Shimin 林士民. Ningbo zaochuan shi 寧波造船史 (A history of shipbuilding in Ningbo). Hangzhou: Zhejiang daxue chubanshe, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Liu Yijie 劉義傑. “Mingdai Nanjing zaochuan chang tanwei” 明代南京造船廠探微 (A tentative study of the shipyards in Ming Nanjing). Haijiaoshi yanjiu 海交史研究, 1 (2010): 31–54.
   Google Scholar
• Liu Xinsheng 劉新生. Zhongguo yu Wenlai guanxi shiliao huibian 中國與汶萊關係史 料彙編 (Collection of historical documents on the bilateral relations between China and Brunei). Beijing: Shijie zhishi chubanshe, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Liu Yingsheng 劉迎勝. Huayu yu Fanyin: Zhonggu shidai Dong Xi jiaoliu de yuyan qiaoliang 華語與番音：中古時代後期東西交流的語言橋樑 (Chinese and foreign languages: the language bridge in the East-West exchange in late medieval times). Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Lu Rong 陸容. Shuyuan zaji 菽園雜記 (Miscellaneous record from the Pea Garden). Rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Luo Maodeng 羅懋登. Xiyang ji 西洋記 (Record of the journey to the Western Ocean). 1597. Rpt. Changsha: Yuelu shushe, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Ma Huan 馬歡. Trans. J.V.G. Mills. Ying-Yai Sheng-lan: The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Ming shilu 明實錄 (The veritable records of the Ming dynasty). Taibei: Zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo, 1962–68.
   Google Scholar
• Nanjing bowuguan 南京博物館. Baochuanchang yizhi: Nanjing Ming Baochuanchang Liuzuotang kaogu baogao 寶船廠遺址：南京明寶船廠六作塘考古報告 (The ruins of the Treasure Shipyard: the archeological report from the Sixth Dockyard of the Treasure Shipyard). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Nanjing bowuguan and Jiangning bowuguan 江寧博物館. “Nanjing shi Zutangshan Mingdai Hong Bao mu” 南京市祖堂山明代洪保墓 (The Ming tomb of Hong Bao from the Zutang Mountain in Nanjing). Kaogu, 5 (2012): 41–52.
   Google Scholar
• Ni Dong 倪涷. Chuanzheng xinshu 船政新書 (New book on shipbuilding matters). Wanli era. Rpt. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Nilakanta, K.A. Foreign Notices of South India: From Megasthenes to Ma Huan. Madras: University of Madras, 1939.
   Google Scholar
• Prematilleke, P.L. “Chinese Ceramics Discovered in Sri Lanka: An Overview.” In Sri Lanka and the Silk Road of the Sea, edited by Senake Bandaranayake et al., eds., 233–7. Colombo: The Sri Lanka National Commission for UNESCO and the Central Cultural Fund, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Ren Ping 任萍. “Mingdai Siyiguan de xuesheng guanli moshi kaozheng” 明代四夷館的 學生管理模式考證 (A textual study of the student management at the Interpreters’ Institute in the Ming dynasty). Zhejiang Shuren daxue xuebao 浙江樹人大學學報, 14, no. 1 (Jan. 2014): 104–9.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, Gregory. “Daydreaming Dynasty: The Eunuch Sanbao’s Journey in the Western Seas and ‘Present-Dynasty’ Fiction of the Ming.” Ming Studies, 70 (November 2014): 10–28.
   Google Scholar
• Shen Jiangcun 沈江村. Nanchuan ji 南船紀 (Record of the Nanjing shipyards). 1551. Rpt. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Shi Ping 時平. “Bainian Zheng He yanjiu de tansuo” 百年鄭和研究的探索 (One hundred years’ Zheng He studies). In Jinian Zheng He xia Xiyang liubai zhounian guoji xueshu luntan lunwenji 紀念鄭和下西洋600週年國際學術論壇論文集 (Proceedings of international symposium in memory of 600th anniversary of Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean), edited by Jiangsu sheng jinian Zheng He xia Xiyang liubai zhounian huodong choubei lingdao xiaozu 江蘇省紀念鄭和下西洋600週年活動籌備領導小組, 913–26. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Sleeswyk, André Wegener. “The Liao and the Displacement of Ships in the Ming Navy.” The Mariner’s Mirror, 82, no. 1 (Feb. 1996): 3–13. doi: 10.1080/00253359.1996.10656579
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szonyi, Michael. The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Wade, Greff. “The Zheng He Voyages: A Reassessment.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 78, no. 1 (2005): 37–58.
   Google Scholar
• Wan Ming 萬明. Ming chaoben Yingya shenglan jiaozhu 明鈔本⟪瀛涯勝覽⟫校注 (Collation and annotation to the Ming edition of the Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores). Beijing: Haiyang chubanshe, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Gungwu. “The Opening of Relations between China and Malacca.” In Admiral Zheng He and Southeast Asia, edited by Leo Suryadinata, 1–25. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies and International Zheng He Society, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Hongbin 王宏彬. “Li Shizhen Taiyiyuan renzhi kao” 李時珍太醫院任職考 (On Li Shizhen’s service at the Medical Academy). Ya Tai chuantong yiyao 亞太傳統醫藥, 9 (2006): 14–17.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Jing 王靜. “Mingchao Huitongguan lunkao” 明朝會同館論考 (A study of the State Guesthouses of the Ming period). Zhongguo bianjiang shidi yanjiu 中國邊疆史地研究, 12, no. 3 (Sept. 2002): 53–62.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Jing 王勁 and Li Shun 李順. “Zheng He xia Xiyang yu Fujian” 鄭和下西洋與福 建 (On the relationship between Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean and Fujian). Yanhuang zongheng 炎黃縱橫, 10 (2005): 3–6.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Shiduo 汪士鐸 et al. Shang Jiang liang xianzhi 上江兩縣志 (Gazetteer of the Shangyuan and Jiangning counties). Tongzhi era. Rpt. Taibei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Tianyou 王天有and Wan Ming. Zheng He yanjiu bainian lunwenji 鄭和研究百年 論文集 (Collected papers on Zheng He from the past century). Beijing: Haiyang chubanshe, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Xiong 王雄. “Mingchao de Siyiguan jiqi dui yizisheng de peiyang” 明朝的四夷館 及其對譯字生的培養 (The Interpreter’s Institute and its training of interpreters in the Ming period). Minzu yanjiu 民族研究, 2 (1987): 62–9.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Zhigao 王志高. “Hong Bao shengping shiji ji fensi chukao” 洪保生平事蹟及墳寺 初考 (A preliminary study of the life and tomb of Hong Bao). Kaogu, 5 (2012): 74–84.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, James. “Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of Tianhou along the South Chinese Coast, 960–1960.” In Popular Culture in Late Imperial China, edited by David Johnson, Andrew Nathan, and Evelyn Rawski, 292–324. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Weng Guozhen 翁國珍. “Zheng He xia Xiyang yu Fujian” 鄭和下西洋與福建 (On the relationship between Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean and Fujian). Fujian luntan 福建論壇, 1 (1982): 73–5.
   Google Scholar
• Wu Hongli 吳鴻麗. “Zheng He xia Xiyang yu Fujian” 鄭和下西洋與福建 (On the relationship between Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean and Fujian). Zhangzhou shifan xueyuan xuebao漳州師範學院學報, 1 (2006): 113–6.
   Google Scholar
• Wu Zimu 吳自牧. Mengliang lu 夢粱錄 (Record of cooking rice in a dream). Southern Song. Rpt. Hangzhou: Zhejiang renmin chubanshe, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Wuyungaowa 烏雲高娃. “Shisi zhi shiba shiji Dongya dalu de yixue jigou” 14–18世紀 東亞大陸的譯學機構 (The translation agencies in East Asia during the 14th–18th centuries). Heilongjiang minzu congkan 黑龍江民族叢刊, 3 (2003): 80–3.
   Google Scholar
• Xi Longfei 席龍飛. “Daxing Zheng He baochuan de cunzai jiqi chuxian tanxi” 大型鄭和 寶船的存在及其出現探析 (A preliminary analysis of the large-scale treasure ships of the Zheng He fleet and the date of their first appearance). Haijiao shi yanjiu 海交史研究, 1 (2010): 55–65.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao Zhongsheng 蕭忠生 and Xiao Xin 蕭欣. “Zheng He Wang Jinghong xia Xiyang yu Mingdai Fuzhou zaochuanye” 鄭和、王景弘下西洋與明代福州造船業 (On the relationship between the Zheng He-Wang Jinghong’s voyages to the Western Ocean and Fuzhou shipbuilding industry during the Ming). Yanhuang zongheng 炎黃縱橫, 10 (2013): 30–32.
   Google Scholar
• Xu Gongsheng 徐恭生. “Zaitan Zheng He xia Xiyang yu Weisuo wuzhi xuanbu” 再談鄭 和下西洋與⟪衛所武職選簿⟫(A further study of Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean and the Records of Military Personnel of the Guard Units). Haijiaoshi yanjiu, 2 (2009): 31–47.
   Google Scholar
• Xu Zuosheng 徐作生. “Nanyang guguo Gumalalang kanfang” 南洋古國古麻剌朗勘訪 (An exploratory visit to the ancient kingdom of Gumalalang). Ditu 地圖, 1 (2006): 55–9.
   Google Scholar
• Yan Congjian 嚴從簡. Shuyu zhouzi lu 殊域周諮錄 (Record of exotic countries). Wanli era. Rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Yang Bo 楊波. “Jinghaisi shijian niandai xiaokao” 靜海寺始建年代小考 (Notes on the date of creation of the Jinghai Temple). Zheng He yanjiu 鄭和研究, 1 (2005): 37–8.
   Google Scholar
• Yang Xinhua 楊新華. “Mingdu Nanjing shi Zheng He xia Xiyang de ceyuandi” 明都南 京是鄭和下西洋的策源地 (The Ming capital Nanjing was the place of origin of Zheng He’s expeditions to the Western Ocean). In Jinian Zheng He xia Xiyang liubai zhounian guoji xueshu luntan lunwenji, edited by Jiangsu sheng jinian Zheng He xia Xiyang liubai zhounian huodong choubei lingdao xiaozu, 811–5.
   Google Scholar
• Yang Xinhua and Yang Jianhua 楊建華. Boni guowang mu tanyuan 渤泥國王墓 探源 (The tomb of the Brunei King). Nanjing: Nanjing daxue chubanshe, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Yang You 楊槱. “Zheng He xia Xiyang suoyong de chuanbo” 鄭和下西洋所用的船舶 (The ships employed during the Zheng He voyages). In Zheng He xia Xiyang yanjiu wenxian 鄭和下西洋研究文選 (Selected articles on the study of Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean), edited by Zheng He xia Xiyang liubai zhounian jinian huodong choubei lingdao xiaozu 鄭和下西洋六百週年紀念活動籌備領導小組, 659–63. Beijing: Haiyang chubanshe, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Yates, Robin. “Saving the Ming through the Written Text: The Case of the Loyalist Fan Jingwen.” Ming Studies, 2009, no. 59 (May 2009): 5–20. doi: 10.1179/175975909X466417
   Google Scholar
• Ye Xian’en 葉顯恩. “Mingdai Guangdong de zaochuanye” 明代廣東的造船業 (The shipbuilding industry in Guangdong during the Ming period), Xueshu yanjiu 學術研究, 6 (1987): 78–84.
   Google Scholar
• Zha Jizuo 查繼佐. Zuiwei lu罪惟錄 (A private history of the Ming dynasty). Early Qing. Rpt. Hangzhou: Zhejiang renmin chubanshe, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Guilin 張桂林. “Zheng He xia Xiyang yu Fujian lishi wenhua de guanxi” 鄭和下 西洋與福建歷史文化的關係 (On the relationship between Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean and Fujian’s history and culture). Fujian shifan daxue xuebao福建師範大學學報, 6 (1995): 94–100.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Jian 張箭. “Ma Huan de zhushu yu Yingya shenglan de diwei” 馬歡的著述與 ⟪瀛涯勝覽⟫的地位 (Ma Huan’s works and the historical status of Yingya shenglan). Xibei minzu daxue xuebao 西北民族大學學報, 6 (2006): 144–9.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Meiping 張美平. “Mingdai Siyiguan fanyi jiaoxue shulüe” 明代四夷館翻譯教學 述略 (The teaching and learning of interpretation at the Interpreters’ Institute in the Ming period). Zhongguo keji fanyi 中國科技翻譯, 24, no. 2 (May 2011): 62–5.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉. Mingshi 明史 (History of the Ming dynasty). Rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao Ken 趙鏗 and Zhao Jianqun 趙建群. “Mingdai Fuzhou zaochuanye kaolüe” 明代福 州造船業考略 (A brief history of shipbuilding industry in Fuzhou during the Ming period). Zhongguoshi yanjiu 中國史研究, No. 3 of 1987, 147–56.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng Hesheng 鄭鶴聲 and Zheng Yijun 鄭一鈞. “Lüelun Zheng He xia Xiyang de chuan” 略論鄭和下西洋的船 (On the ships used in Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean). Zheng He xia Xiyang yanjiu lunwen 鄭和下西洋研究論文, 631–42. Beijing: Haiyang chubanshe, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou Zhibin 周志斌. “Lüelun Jiangsu dui Zheng He xia Xiyang de gongxian” 略論江蘇 對鄭和下西洋的貢獻 (On Jiangsu’s contribution to Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean). In Jinian Zheng He xia Xiyang liubai zhounian guoji xueshu luntan lunwenji, edited by Jiangsu sheng jinian Zheng He xia Xiyang liubai zhounian huodong choubei lingdao xiaozu, 804–10.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou Zilun 周子倫 and Ou Yumei 歐裕美. “Ming Qing shiqi Sulu guo chaogong shihua” 明清時期蘇祿國朝貢史話 (A brief history of Sulu’s tributary missions to China during the Ming-Qing period). Jiangsu jishu shifan xueyuan xuebao 江蘇技術師範學院學報, 19, no. 1 (Feb. 2013): 46–51.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu Yunming 祝允明. Qianwen ji 前聞紀 (Record of what I heard in the past). Congshu jicheng ed. Rpt. Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1937.
   Google Scholar