1,756
Views
169
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Procedural Learning in Adolescents With and Without Specific Language Impairment

, &
Pages 269-293 | Published online: 05 Dec 2007

REFERENCES

  • Aslin , R. N. , Saffran , J. R. and Newport , E. L. 1998 . Computation of conditional probability statistics by 8-month-old infants . Psychological Science , 9 : 321 – 324 .
  • Bates , E. and Goodman , J. C. 1999 . “ On the emergence of grammar from the lexicon ” . In The Emergence Of Language , Edited by: Macwhinney , B. 29 – 79 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Bishop , D. V .M. 2002 . Motor immaturity and specific speech and language impairment: Evidence for a common genetic basis . American Journal Of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) , 114 : 56 – 63 .
  • Butters , N. 1987 . Procedural learning in Dementia—A double dissociation between Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease patients on verbal priming and motor skill learning . Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Neuropsychology , 9 : 68 – 69 .
  • Chapman , L. J. , Chapman , J. P. , Curran , T. E. and Miller , M. B. 1994 . Do children and the elderly show heightened semantic priming? How to answer the question . Developmental Review , 14 : 159 – 185 .
  • Cherry , K. E. and Stadler , M. A. 1995 . Implicit learning of a nonverbal sequence in younger and older adults . Psychology And Aging , 10 : 379 – 394 .
  • Christiansen , M. H. , Allen , J. and Seidenberg , M. S. 1998 . Learning to segment speech using multiple cues: A connectionist model . Language and Cognitive Processes , 13 : 221 – 268 .
  • Christiansen , M. H. and Chater , N. 1999 . Toward a connectionist model of recursion in human linguistic performance . Cognitive Science , 23 : 157 – 205 .
  • Clahsen , H. 1989 . The grammatical characterization of developmental Dysphasia . Linguistics , 27 : 897 – 920 .
  • Cleeremans , A. , Destrebecqz , A. and Boyer , M. 1998 . Implicit learning: News from the Front . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 2 : 406 – 416 .
  • Cleeremans , A. and McClelland , J.L. 1991 . Learning the structure of event sequences . Journal of Experimental Psychology-General , 120 : 235 – 253 .
  • Clegg , B. A. , Rakitin , B. C. , Mayr , U. and Keele , S. W. 1998 . Evidence from event-related potentials for chunking of motor and perceptual sequences . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , : 83
  • Culatta , B. , Page , J. and Ellis , J. 1983 . Story retelling as a communicative performance screening tool . Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools , 14 : 66 – 74 .
  • Curran , T. and Keele , S. W. 1993 . Attentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition , 19 : 189 – 202 .
  • Dale , P. S. and Cole , K. N. 1991 . What's normal? Specific language impairment in an individual differences perspective . Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools , 22 : 80 – 83 .
  • Fletcher , J. , Maybery , M. T. and Bennett , S. 2000 . Implicit learning differences: A question of developmental level? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 26 : 246 – 252 .
  • Gathercole , S. E. and Baddeley , A. D. 1990 . Phonological memory deficits in language disordered children—Is there a causal connection? . Journal of Memory and Language , 29 : 336 – 360 .
  • Gomez , R. and Gerkin , L. A. 2001 . “ Artificial language learning as a means for investigating language acquisition ” . In Language Development: Essential Readings Edited by: Tomasello , M. and Bates , E. 42 – 48 . New York, Basil Blackwell
  • Gomez , R. L. 2002 . Variability and detection of invariant structure . Psychological Science , 13 : 431 – 436 .
  • Gopnik , M. and Crago , M. B. 1991 . Familial aggregation of a developmental language disorder . Cognition , 39 : 1 – 50 .
  • Gupta , P. and Cohen , N. J. 2002 . Theoretical and computational analysis of skill learning, repetition priming, and procedural memory . Psychological Review , 109 : 401 – 448 .
  • Hauser , M. D. , Chomsky , N. and Fitch , T. 2002 . The faculty of language: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? . Science , 298 : 1569 – 1579 .
  • Hazeltine , E. and Ivry , R. B. 2003 . “ Neural structures that support implicit sequence learning ” . In Attention and Implicit Learning , Edited by: Jimenez , L. Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
  • Howard , D. V. and Howard , J. H. 1989 . Age-differences in learning serial patterns—direct versus indirect measures . Psychology and Aging , 4 : 357 – 364 .
  • Hunt , R. H. and Aslin , R. N. 2001 . Statistical learning in a serial reaction time task: access to separable statistical cues by individual learners . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 130 : 658 – 680 .
  • Jimenez , L. 2002 . Attention and implicit learning , Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
  • Johnston , J. R. and Weismer , S. E. 1983 . Mental rotation abilities in language-disordered children . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 26 : 397 – 403 .
  • Just , M. A. , Cherkassky , V. L. , Keller , T. and Minsehw , N. J. 2004 . Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism: Evidence of underconnectivity . Brain , 127 : 1811 – 1821 .
  • Keele , S. W. , Ivry , R. , Mayr , U. , Hazeltine , E. and Heuer , H. 2003 . The cognitive and neural architecture of sequence representation . Psychological Review , 110 : 316 – 339 .
  • Lai , C. S. , Fisher , S. E. , Hurst , J. A. , Vargha-Khadem , F. and Monaco , A.P. 2001 . A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder . Nature , 413 : 519 – 523 .
  • Lai , C. S. , Gerrelli , D. , Monaco , A. , Fisher , S. and Copp , A. 2003 . FOXP2 expression during brain development coincides with adult sites of pathology in a severe speech and language disorder . Brain , 126 : 2455 – 2462 .
  • Leonard , L. 1987 . “ Is specific language impairment a useful construct? ” . In Advances In Applied Psycholinguistics: Volume 1. Disorders Of First-Language Development , Edited by: Rosenberg , S. Vol. I , 1 New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Leonard , L. B. 2000 . “ Specific language impairment across languages ” . In Speech and language impairments in children: Causes, characteristics, intervention, and outcome , Edited by: Bishop , D. V. M. and Leonard , L. B. 115 – 129 . Philadelphia : Taylor & Francis, Inc .
  • Mainela-Arnold, E. (2005). The impact of lexical representations on performance on verbal working memory tasks in children with SLI. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Wisconsin—Madison
  • Mainela-Arnold, E., Evans, J. E., & Coady, J. A. (2005). The nature of lexical representations in SLI: Evidence from a frequency adjusted forward gating task. In poster presented at the Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders, Madison, WI
  • Maye , J. , Werker , J. F. and Gerken , L. A. 2002 . Infant sensitivity to distributional information can affect phonetic discrimination . Cognition , 82 : B101 – B111 .
  • McMurray, B., Samelson, V., Lee, S., Tomblin, J. B. (2006). Eye-movements reveal the timecourse of spoken word recognition in normal and language-impaired adolescents. In poster presented at the Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders, Madison, WI
  • Meaburn , E. , Dale , P. S. , Craig , I. W. and Plomin , R. 2002 . Language-impaired children: No sign of the FOXP2 mutation . Neuroreport , 13 : 1075 – 1077 .
  • Meulemans , T. , Van Der Linden , M. and Perruchet , P. 1998 . Implicit sequence learning in children . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 69 : 199 – 221 .
  • Miller , C. A. , Kail , R. , Leonard , L. B. and Tomblin , J. B. 2001 . Speed of processing in children with specific language impairment . Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research , 44 : 416 – 433 .
  • Newcomer , P. and Hammill , D. 1988 . Test Of Language Development-2: Primary , Austin, TX : Pro-Ed .
  • Nissen , M. J. and Bullemer , P. 1987 . Attentional requirements of learning—evidence from performance-measures . Cognitive Psychology , 19 : 1 – 32 .
  • Norbury , C. F. 2005 . Barking up the wrong tree? Lexical ambiguity resolution in children with language impairments and autistic spectrum disorders . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 90 : 142 – 171 .
  • O'Brien , E. K. , Zhang , X. Y. , Nishimura , C. , Tomblin , J. B. and Murray , J. C. 2003 . Association of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) to the Region of 7q31 . American Journal of Human Genetics , 72 : 1536 – 1543 .
  • Packard , M. and Knowlton , B. 2002 . Learning and memory functions of the basal ganglia . Annual Review Of Neuroscience , 25 : 563 – 593 .
  • Pacton , S. , Perruchet , P. , Fayol , M. and Cleeremans , A. 2001 . Implicit learning out of the lab: The case of orthographic regularities . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 130 : 401 – 426 .
  • Pascual-Leone , A. , Grafman , J. , Clark , K. , Stewart , M. , Massaquoi , S. Lou , J.S. 1993 . Procedural learning in Parkinson's disease and cerebellar degeneration . Annals of Neurology , 34 : 594 – 602 .
  • Plante , E. , Gomez , R. and Gerken , L. 2002 . Sensitivity to word order cues by normal and language/learning disabled adults . Journal of Communication Disorders , 35 : 453 – 462 .
  • Reber , A. S. 1967 . Implicit learning of artificial grammars . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 6 : 855 – 863 .
  • Reber , A. S. , Walkenfeld , F.F. and Hernstadt , R. 1991 . Implicit and explicit learning: Individual differences and IQ . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory And Cognition , 17 : 888 – 896 .
  • Rice , M. L. and Wexler , K. 1996 . Toward tense as a clinical marker of specific language impairment in English-speaking children . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 39 : 1239 – 1257 .
  • Saffran , J. R. 2001 . The use of predictive dependencies in language learning . Journal of Memory and Language , 44 : 493 – 515 .
  • Saffran , J. R. 2003 . Statistical language learning: Mechanisms and constraints . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 12 : 110 – 114 .
  • Saffran , J. R. , Aslin , R. N. and Newport , E. L. 1996a . Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants . Science , 274 : 1926 – 1928 .
  • Saffran , J. R. , Johnson , E. K. , Aslin , R. N. and Newport , E. L. 1999 . Statistical learning of tone sequences by human infants and adults . Cognition , 70 : 27 – 52 .
  • Saffran , J. R. , Newport , E. L. and Aslin , R. N. 1996b . Word segmentation: The role of distributional cues . Journal of Memory And Language , 35 : 606 – 621 .
  • Saffran , J. R. , Newport , E. L. , Aslin , R. N. and Tunick , R.A. 1997 . Incidental language learning: listening (and learning) out of the corner of your ear . Psychological Science , 8 : 105
  • Stadler , M. A. 1995 . Role of attention implicit learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition , 21 : 674 – 685 .
  • Tallal , P. , Miller , S. , Bedi , G. , Byma , G. , Wang , X. Nagarajan , S. 1996 . Language comprehension in language-learning impaired children improved with acoustically modified speech . Science , 271 : 77 – 81 .
  • Thomas , K. and Nelson , C. 2001 . Serial response time learning in preschool- and school-age children . Journal Of Experimental Child Psychology , 79 : 364 – 387 .
  • Tomblin , J. B. , Records , N. L. , Buckwalter , P. , Zhang , X. , Smith , E. and O'Brien , M. 1997 . Prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children . Journal of Speech Language Hearing Research , 40 : 1245 – 1260 .
  • Tomblin , J. B. , Records , N. L. and Zhang , X. 1996 . A system for the diagnosis of specific language impairment in kindergarten children . Journal of Speech & Hearing Research , 39 : 1284 – 1294 .
  • Tomblin , J. B. and Zhang , X. 1999 . “ Are children with SLI a unique group of language learners? ” . In Neurodevelopmental disorders: Contributions to a new framework from the cognitive neurosciences , Edited by: Tager-Flusberg , H. 361 – 382 . Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press .
  • Tomblin , J. B. and Zhang , X. 2006 . The dimensionality of language ability: An application of item response theory . Journal Of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 49 : 1193 – 1208 .
  • Tomblin , J. B. , Zhang , X. Y. , Buckwalter , P. and O'Brien , M. 2003 . The stability of primary language disorder: Four years after kindergarten diagnosis . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 46 : 1283 – 1296 .
  • Ullman , M. 1998 . A role for declarative and procedural memory in language . Brain and Cognition , 37 : 142 – 143 .
  • Ullman , M. T. 2001 . A neurocognitive perspective on language: The declarative/procedural model . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 2 : 717 – 726 .
  • Ullman , M. T. and Pierpont , E. I. 2005 . Specific language impairment is not specific to language: The procedural deficit hypothesis . Cortex , 41 : 399 – 433 .
  • Vicari , S. , Marotta , L. , Menghini , D. , Molinari , M. and Petrosini , L. 2003 . Implicit learning deficit in children with developmental Dyslexia . Neuropsychologia , 41 : 108 – 114 .
  • Watkins , K. E. , Vargha-Khadem , F. , Ashburner , J. , Passingham , R. , Connelly , A. Friston , K. J. 2002 . MRI analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: structural brain abnormalities . Brain , 125 : 465 – 478 .
  • Wechsler , D. 1989 . Wechsler Preschool And Primary Scale Of Intelligence-Revised , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
  • Weismer , S. E. , Evans , J. and Hesketh , L. J. 1999b . An examination of verbal working memory capacity in children with specific language impairment . Journal Of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 42 : 1249 – 1260 .
  • Weismer , S. E. , Evans , J. and Hesketh , L. J. 1999a . An examination of verbal working memory capacity in children with specific language impairment . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 42 : 1249 – 1260 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.