Sign Perception and Recognition in Non-Native Signers of ASL

REFERENCES

• Baker , W. , Trofimovich , P. , Flege , J. , Mack , M. and Halter , R. 2008 . Child–adult differences in second-language phonological learning: The role of cross-language similarity . Language and Speech , 51 ( 4 ) : 317 – 342 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Battison , R. 1978 . Lexical borrowing in American Sign Language , Silver Spring, MD : Linstok Press .
   Google Scholar
• Best , C. T. 1990 . Adult perception of nonnative contrasts differing in assimilation to native phonological categories . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 88 : S177
   Google Scholar
• Best , C. T. , Mathur , G. , Miranda , K. A. and Lillo-Martin , D. 2010 . Effects of sign language experience on categorical perception of dynamic ASL pseudosigns . Attention, Perception & Psychophysics , 72 ( 3 ) : 747 – 762 .
   Google Scholar
• Boudreault , P. and Mayberry , R. I. 2006 . Grammatical processing in American Sign Language: Age of first-language acquisition effects in relation to syntactic structure . Language and Cognitive Processes , 21 ( 5 ) : 608 – 635 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brentari , D. , Coppola , M. , Mazzoni , L. and Goldin-Meadow , S. 2011 . “ When does a system become phonological? Handshape production in gesturers, signers, and homesigners ” . In Natural Language & Linguistic Theory , accepted for publication .
   Google Scholar
• Chute , D. 1996 . PowerLaboratory for Macintosh , Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Clahsen , H. and Felser , C. 2006 . How native-like is nonnative language processing? . TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences , 10 ( 12 ) : 564 – 570 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , L. E. and Grosjean , F. 1982 . Sign recognition processes in American Sign Language: The effect of context . Language and Speech , 25 ( 4 ) : 325 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Carreiras , M. , Gutierrez-Sigut , E. , Baquero , S. and Corina , D. 2008 . Lexical processing in Spanish Sign Language (LSE) . Journal of Memory and Language , 58 : 100 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler , A. and Otake , T. 1994 . Mora or phoneme? Further evidence for language-specific listening . Journal of Memory & Language , 33 : 824 – 844 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkstra , A. and Van Heuven , W. J. B. 2002 . The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system: From identification to decision . Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , 23 : 175 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmorey , K. 2002 . Language, cognition, and the brain: Insights from sign language research , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Emmorey , K. , Bellugi , U. , Friederici , A. and Horn , P. 1995 . Effects of age of acquisition on grammatical sensitivity: Evidence from on-line and off-line tasks . Applied Psycholinguistics , 16 : 1 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmorey , K. and Corina , D. 1990 . Lexical recognition in sign language: Effects of phonetic structure and morphology . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 71 : 1227 – 1252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernald , A. , Perfors , A. and Marchman , V. A. 2006 . Picking up speed in understanding: Speech processing efficiency and vocabulary growth across the second year . Developmental Psychology , 42 : 98 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foss , D. J. and Swinney , D. A. 1973 . On the psychological reality of the phoneme: Perception, identification, and consciousness . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 12 : 246 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• Fukkink , R. , Hulstijn , J. and Simis , A. 2005 . Does training in second-language word recognition skills affect reading comprehension? An experimental study . Modern Language Journal , 89 ( 1 ) : 54 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldin-Meadow , S. 2003 . The resilience of language , Philadelphia, PA : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grosjean , F. 1981 . Sign and word recognition: A first comparison . Sign Language Studies , 32 : 195 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , B. and Risley , T. R. 1995 . Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children , Baltimore, MD : Brookes Publishing Co .
   Google Scholar
• Hauser , P. , Paludneviciene , R. , Supalla , T. and Bavalier , D. 2008 . “ American Sign Language-sentence reproduction test: Development and implications ” . In Sign language: Spinning and unraveling the past, present and future , Edited by: de Quadros , R. M. 160 – 172 . Petropolis, Brazil : Editora Arara Azul .
   Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt , U. C. and Corina , D. P. 2002 . Phonological similarity in American Sign Language . Language and Cognitive Processes , 17 ( 6 ) : 593 – 612 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff , E. 2003 . The specificity of environmental influence: Socioeconomic status affects early vocabulary development via maternal speech . Child Development , 74 : 1368 – 1378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurtado , N. , Marchman , V. and Fernald , A. 2008 . Does input influence uptake? Links between maternal talk, processing speed, and vocabulary size in Spanish-learning children . Developmental Science , 11 ( 6 ) : F31 – F39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huttenlocher , J. , Haight , W. , Bryk , A. , Seltzer , M. and Lyons , T. 1991 . Vocabulary growth: Relation to language input and gender . Developmental Psychology , 27 : 236 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson , P. , Kuhl , P. K. and Akahane-Yamada , R. 2003 . A perceptual interference account of acquisition difficulties for nonnative phonemes . Cognition , 87 ( 1 ) : B47 – B57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , R. E. , Liddell , S. K. and Erting , C. J. Unlocking the curriculum: Principles for achieving access in deaf education . Gallaudet Research Institute Working/Occasional Paper Series, No. 89-3 . 1989 . Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Research Institute
   Google Scholar
• Kuhl , P. K. , Williams , K. A. , Lacerda , F. , Stevens , K. N. and Lindblom , B. 1992 . Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age . Science , 255 : 606 – 608 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchman , V. A. and Fernald , A. 2008 . Speed of word recognition and vocabulary knowledge in infancy predict cognitive and language outcomes in later childhood . Developmental Science , 11 : F9 – F16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marslen-Wilson , W. D. 1987 . Functional parallelism is spoken word recognition . Cognition , 25 : 71 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberry , R. I. 1993 . First-language acquisition after childhood differs from second-language acquisition: The case of American Sign Language . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 36 : 1258 – 1270 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mayberry , R. I. 1994 . “ The importance of childhood to language acquisition: Insights from American Sign Language ” . In The development of speech perception: The transition from speech sounds to words , Edited by: Goodman , J. C. and Nusbaum , H. C. 57 – 90 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayberry , R. I. 2007 . When timing is everything: Age of first-language acquisition effects on second-language learning . Applied Psycholinguistics , 28 : 537 – 549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberry , R. I. and Eichen , E. 1991 . The long-lasting advantage of learning sign language in childhood: Another look at the critical period for language acquisition . Journal of Memory and Language , 30 : 486 – 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberry , R. I. and Fischer , S. D. 1989 . Looking through phonological shape to lexical meaning: The bottleneck of nonnative sign language processing . Memory & Cognition , 17 ( 6 ) : 740 – 754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberry , R. I. and Lock , E. 2003 . Age constraints on first versus second language acquisition: Evidence for linguistic plasticity and epigenesis . Brain and Language , 87 : 369 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier , R. P. 1987 . Elicited imitation of verb agreement in American Sign Language: Iconically or morphologically determined? . Journal of Memory & Language , 26 ( 3 ) : 362 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Morford , J. P. 2000 . Delayed phonological development in ASL: Two case studies of deaf isolates . Recherches linguistiques de Vincennes , 29 : 121 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Morford , J. P. 2002 . “ Why does exposure to language matter? ” . In The evolution of language from pre-language , Edited by: Givón , T. and Malle , B. 329 – 341 . Amsterdam : Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Morford , J. P. 2003 . Grammatical development in adolescent first-language learners . Linguistics , 41 ( 4 ) : 681 – 721 .
   Google Scholar
• Morford , J. P. , Grieve-Smith , A. B. , MacFarlane , J. , Staley , J. and Waters , G. S. 2008 . Effects of language experience on the perception of American Sign Language . Cognition , 109 : 41 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morford , J. P. and MacFarlane , J. 2003 . Frequency characteristics of American Sign Language . Sign Language Studies , 3 ( 2 ) : 213 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Morford , J. P. and Mayberry , R. I. 2000 . “ A reexamination of “early exposure” and its implications for language acquisition by eye ” . In Language acquisition by eye , Edited by: Chamberlain , C. , Morford , J. P. and Mayberry , R. I. 111 – 127 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , G. , Herman , R. , Barriere , I. and Woll , B. 2008 . The onset and mastery of spatial language in children acquiring British Sign Language . Cognitive Development , 23 : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newport , E. L. 1990 . Maturational constraints on language learning . Cognitive Science , 14 : 11 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orfanidou , E. , Adam , R. , McQueen , J. M. and Morgan , G. 2009 . Making sense of nonsense in British Sign Language (BSL): The contribution of different phonological parameters to sign recognition . Memory & Cognition , 37 ( 3 ) : 302 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Orlansky , M. and Bonvillian , J. 1984 . The role of iconicity in early sign language acquisition . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 49 : 287 – 292 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Padden , C. and Humphries , T. 1988 . Deaf in America: Voices from a culture , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pine , J. M. , Lieven , E. V. M. and Rowland , C. F. 1997 . Stylistic variation at the ‘single-word stage’: Relations between maternal speech characteristics and children's vocabulary composition and usage . Child Development , 64 : 807 – 819 .
   Google Scholar
• Polka , L. 1995 . Linguistic influences in adult perception of nonnative vowel contrasts . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 97 : 1286 – 1296 .
   Google Scholar
• Pollack , I. and Pickett , J. M. 1963 . The intelligibility of excerpts from conversation . Language and Speech , 6 : 165 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherag , A. , Demuth , L. , Rösler , F. , Neville , H. and Röder , B. 2004 . The effects of late acquisition of L2 and the consequences of immigration on L1 for semantic and morpho-syntactic language aspects . Cognition , 93 ( 3 ) : B97 – B108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebastián-Gallés , N. , Echeverria , S. and Bosch , L. 2005 . The influence of initial exposure on lexical representation: Comparing early and simultaneous bilinguals . Journal of Memory and Language , 52 : 240 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokoe , W. , Casterline , D. and Croneberg , C. 1965 . A dictionary of American Sign Language on linguistic principles , Washington, DC : Gallaudet College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox , S. 2004 . Cognitive iconicity: Conceptual spaces, meaning and gesture in signed languages . Cognitive Linguistics , 15 ( 2 ) : 119 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar