miR-206 knockout shows it is critical for myogenesis and directly regulates newly identified target mRNAs

References

• Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell. 2004;116:281–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartel DP. MicroRNA target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell. 2009;136:215–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloosterman WP, Plasterk RHA. The diverse functions of microRNAs in animal development and disease. Dev Cell. 2006;11:441–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida MI, Reis RM, Calin GA. MicroRNA history: discovery, recent applications, and next frontiers. Mutat Res. 2011;717(1–2):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J-F, Callis TE, Wang D-Z. microRNAs and muscle disorders. J Cell Sc. 2009;122(1):13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacFarlane L-A, Murphy PR. MicroRNA: biogenesis, function and role in cancer. Curr Genom. 2010;11(7):537–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Rourke JR, Georges SA, Seay HR, et al. Essential role for Dicer during skeletal muscle development. Dev Biol. 2007;311(2):359–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentzinger CF, Wang YX, Rudnicki MA. Building muscle: molecular regulation of myogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012;4(2):a008342–a008342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak M, Novak J, Bienertova-Vasku J. Muscle-specific microRNAs in skeletal muscle development. Dev Biol. 2016;410(1):1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goljanek-Whysall K, Sweetman D, Münsterberg AE. microRNAs in skeletal muscle differentiation and disease. Clin Sci. 2012;123:611–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J-F, Mandel EM, Thomson JM, et al. The role of microRNA-1 and microRNA-133 in skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation. Nat Genet. 2006;38:228–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HK, Lee YS, Sivaprasad U, et al. Muscle-specific microRNA miR-206 promotes muscle differentiation. J Cell Biol. 2006;174:677–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao PK, Kumar RM, Farkhondeh M, et al. Myogenic factors that regulate expression of muscle-specific microRNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:8721–8726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koutsoulidou A, Mastroyiannopoulos NP, Furling D, et al. Expression of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b and miR-206 increases during development of human skeletal muscle. BMC Dev Biol. 2011;11:34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweetman D, Goljanek K, Rathjen T, et al. Specific requirements of MRFs for the expression of muscle specific microRNAs, miR-1, miR-206 and miR-133. Dev Biol. 2008;321:491–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweetman D, Rathjen T, Jefferson M, et al. FGF-4 signaling is involved in mir-206 expression in developing somites of chicken embryos. Dev Dyn. 2006;235:2185–2191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Samal E, Srivastava D. Serum response factor regulates a muscle-specific microRNA that targets Hand2 during cardiogenesis. Nature. 2005;436:214–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goljanek-Whysall K, Pais H, Rathjen T, et al. Regulation of multiple target genes by miR-1 and miR-206 is pivotal for C2C12 myoblast differentiation. J Cell Sci. 2012;125:3590–3600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu N, Williams AH, Maxeiner JM, et al. microRNA-206 promotes skeletal muscle regeneration and delays progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:2054–2065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams AH, Valdez G, Moresi V, et al. MicroRNA-206 delays ALS progression and promotes regeneration of neuromuscular synapses in mice. Science. 2009;326:1549–1554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang H-Y, Lin Y-C-D, Li J, et al. miRTarBase 2020: updates to the experimentally validated microRNA–target interaction database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48:D148–D154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alteri A, De Vito F, Messina G, et al. Cyclin D1 is a major target of miR-206 in cell differentiation and transformation. Cell Cycle. 2013;12:3781–3790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson C, Catoe H, Werner R. MIR-206 regulates connexin43 expression during skeletal muscle development. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34:5863–5871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg MI, Georges SA, Asawachaicharn A, et al. MyoD inhibits Fstl1 and Utrn expression by inducing transcription of miR-206. J Cell Biol. 2006;175:77–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorkman KK, Buvoli M, Pugach EK, et al. miR-1/206 downregulates splicing factor Srsf9 to promote C2C12 differentiation. Skelet Muscle. 2019;9: 31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma G, Wang Y, Li Y, et al. MiR-206, a key modulator of skeletal muscle development and disease. Int J Biol Sci. 2015;11:345–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J-F, Tao Y, Li J, et al. microRNA-1 and microRNA-206 regulate skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation by repressing Pax7. J Cell Biol. 2010;190:867–879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey BK, Gagan J, Dutta A. miR-206 and −486 induce myoblast differentiation by downregulating Pax7. Mol Cell Biol. 2011;31:203–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veliça P, Bunce CM. A quick, simple and unbiased method to quantify C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Muscle Nerve. 2011;44:366–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolas FE. Experimental validation of microRNA targets using a luciferase reporter system. In: Dalmay T, editor. MicroRNAs in development: methods and protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2011. p. 139–152. Methods in Molecular Biology. DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-083-6_11
   Google Scholar
• Bjorkman KK, Guess MG, Harrison BC, et al. miR-206 enforces a slow muscle phenotype. bioRxiv. 2019. DOI:10.1101/756981
   Google Scholar
• Winbanks CE, Wang B, Beyer C, et al. TGF-β regulates miR-206 and miR-29 to control myogenic differentiation through regulation of HDAC4. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:13805–13814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Z, Yang Y, Wang Z, et al. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA paired expression profiling of prenatal skeletal muscle development in three genotype pigs. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):15544.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lytle JR, Yario TA, Steitz JA. Target mRNAs are repressed as efficiently by microRNA-binding sites in the 5‘ UTR as in the 3‘ UTR. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2007;104(23):9667–9672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tay Y, Zhang J, Thomson AM, et al. MicroRNAs to Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 coding regions modulate embryonic stem cell differentiation. Nature. 2008;455(7216):1124–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forman JJ, Legesse-Miller A, Coller HA. A search for conserved sequences in coding regions reveals that the let-7 microRNA targets Dicer within its coding sequence. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2008;105(39):14879–14884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada A, Ohkawa Y, Imbalzano AN. Temporal regulation of chromatin during myoblast differentiation. Sem Cell Dev Biol. 2017;72:77–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yahi H, Fritsch L, Philipot O, et al. Differential cooperation between heterochromatin protein HP1 isoforms and MyoD in myoblasts. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(35):23692–23700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang CL, McKinsey TA, Olson EN. Association of Class II histone deacetylases with heterochromatin protein 1: potential role for histone methylation in control of muscle differentiation. Mol Cell Biol. 2002;22(20):7302–7312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu J, McKinsey TA, Zhang C-L, et al. Regulation of skeletal myogenesis by association of the MEF2 transcription factor with class II histone deacetylases. Mol Cell. 2000;123(2):233–244.
   Google Scholar
• Faralli H, Martin E, Coré N, et al. Teashirt-3, a Novel regulator of muscle differentiation, associates with BRG1-associated Factor 57 (BAF57) to inhibit myogenin gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(26):23498–23510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casar JC, McKechnie BA, Fallon JR, et al. Transient up-regulation of biglycan during skeletal muscle regeneration: delayed fiber growth along with decorin increase in biglycan-deficient mice. Dev Biol. 2004;103(2):358–371.
   Google Scholar
• Chi SW, Zang JB, Mele A, et al. Argonaute HITS-CLIP decodes microRNA–mRNA interaction maps. Nature. 2009;460(7254):479–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Zuo X, Yang B, et al. MicroRNA directly enhances mitochondrial translation during muscle differentiation. Cell. 2014;158(3):607–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Yang LZ, Zhang JS, et al. Effects of microRNAs on skeletal muscle development. Gene. 2018;668:107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selbach M, Schwanhäusser B, Thierfelder N, et al. Widespread changes in protein synthesis induced by microRNAs. Nature. 2008;455(7209):58–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar