Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst

References

• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2021. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls. Atlanta, GA:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Ahrens L, Barber J, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R. 2009. Longitudinal and latitudinal distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the surface water of the Atlantic Ocean. Environ Sci Technol. 43(9):3122–3127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ait Bamai Y, Goudarzi H, Araki A, Okada E, Kashino I, Miyashita C, Kishi R. 2020. Effect of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on childhood allergies and common infectious diseases in children up to age 7 years: The Hokkaido study on Environment and Children’s Health. Environ. Intl. 143:105979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews D, Naidenko O. 2020. Population-wide exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from drinking water in the United States. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 7(12):931–936.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Averina M, Brox J, Huber S, Furberg A-S, Sørensen M. 2019. Serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and risk of asthma and various allergies in adolescents. The Tromsø study fit futures in northern Norway. Environ Res. 169:114–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bangma J, Szilagyi J, Blake B, Plazas C, Kepper S, Fenton SC, Fry R. 2020. An assessment of serum-dependent impacts on intracellular accumulation and genomic response of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a placental trophoblast model. Environ. Toxicol. 35(12):1395–1405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behr A, Lichtenstein D, Braeuning A, Lampen A, Buhrke T. 2018. Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) affect neither estrogen and androgen receptor activity nor steroidogenesis in human cells in vitro. Toxicol. Lett. 291:51–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behr A, Plinsch C, Braeuning A, Buhrke T. 2020. Activation of human nuclear receptors by perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS). Toxicol in Vitro. 62:104700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berntsen H, Bodin J, Øvrevik J, Berntsen C, Østby G, Brinchmann B, Ropstad E, Myhre O. 2022. A human-relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants induces reactive oxygen species formation in isolated human leucocytes: Involvement of the β2-adrenergic receptor. Environ Intl. 158:106900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berntsen H, Bolling A, Bjorklund C, Zimmer K, Ropstad E, Zienolddiny S, Becher R, Holme J, Dirven H, Nygaard U, et al. 2018. Decreased macrophage phagocytic function due to xenobiotic exposures in vitro, difference in sensitivity between various macrophage models. Food Chem Toxicol. 112:86–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanter M, Gouwy M, Struyf S. 2021. Studying neutrophil function in vitro: Cell models and environmental factors. JIR. 14:141–162.
   Google Scholar
• Brach M, Brach M, deVos S, Gruss H, Herrmann F. 1992. Prolongation of survival of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is caused by inhibition of programmed cell death. Blood. 80(11):2920–2924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brieger A, Bienefeld N, Hasan R, Goerlich R, Haase H. 2011. Impact of perfluorooctanesulfon-ate and perfluorooctanoic acid on human peripheral leukocytes. Toxicol in Vitro. 25(4):960–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown S, Flynn R, Hoverman J. 2021. Perfluoroalkyl substances increase susceptibility of northern leopard frog tadpoles to trematode infection. Environ Toxicol Chem. 40(3):689–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck R, Franklin J, Berger U, Conder J, Cousins I, de Voogt P, Jensen A, Kannan K, Mabury S, van Leeuwen S. 2011. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: Terminology, classification, and origins. Integr Environ Assess Manag. 7(4):513–541.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buser M, Scinicariello F. 2016. Perfluoroalkyl substances and food allergies in adolescents. Environ Intl. 88:74–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calafat A, Wong L, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy J, Needham L. 2007. Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the U.S. population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004 and comparisons with NHANES 1999–2000. Environ Health Perspect. 115(11):1596–1602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2019. National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (March 2022 Update). Atlanta, GA:U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Conder J, Hoke R, de Wolf W, Russell M, Buck R. 2008. Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds. Environ Sci Technol. 42(4):995–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley J, Lambright C, Evans N, Medlock-Kakaley E, Hill D, McCord J, Strynar M, Wehmas L, Hester S, MacMillan D, et al. 2022. Developmental toxicity of Nafion byproduct 2 (NBP2) in the Sprague-Dawley rat with comparisons to hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA or GenX) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Environ Intl. 160:107056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlgren C, Karlsson A, Bylund J. 2019. Intracellular neutrophil oxidants: From laboratory curiosity to clinical reality. J Immunol. 202(11):3127–3134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalsager L, Christensen N, Husby S, Kyhl H, Nielsen F, Host A, Grandjean P, Jensen T. 2016. Association between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds and symptoms of infections at age 1-4years among 359 children in the Odense Child Cohort. Environ Intl. 96:58–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Guise S, Levin M. 2021. Suppression of TH2 cytokines as a potential mechanism for reduced antibody response following PFOA exposure in female B6C3F1 mice. Toxicol Lett. 351:155–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWitt J, Blossom S, Schaider L. 2019. Exposure to per-fluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances leads to immunotoxicity: Epidemiological and toxicological evidence. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 29(2):148–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWitt J, Copeland C, Luebke R. 2009. Suppression of humoral immunity by perfluorooctanoic acid is independent of elevated serum corticosterone concentration in mice. Toxicol Sci. 109(1):106–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWitt J, Copeland C, Strynar M, Luebke R. 2008. Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced immunomodulation in adult C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N female mice. Environ Health Perspect. 116(5):644–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWitt J, Williams W, Creech N, Luebke R. 2016. Suppression of antigen-specific antibody responses in mice exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid: Role of PPARα and T- and B-cell targeting. J Immunotoxicol. 13(1):38–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong G, Liu M, Wang D, Zheng L, Liang Z, Jin Y. 2011. Sub-chronic effect of perfluoro-octanesulfonate (PFOS) on the balance of Type 1 and Type 2 cytokine in adult C57BL6 mice. Arch Toxicol. 85(10):1235–1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong G, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liang Z, Jin Y, He Q. 2012. Subchronic effects of perfluoro-octanesulfonate exposure on inflammation in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Environ Toxicol. 27(5):285–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong G, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liu W, Jin Y, He Q. 2009. Chronic effects of perfluoro-octanesulfonate exposure on immunotoxicity in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Arch Toxicol. 83(9):805–815.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drutman S, Mansouri D, Mahdaviani S, Neehus A, Hum D, Bryk R, Hernandez N, Belkaya S, Rapaport F, Bigio B, et al. 2020. Fatal cytomegalovirus infection in an adult with inherited NOS2 deficiency. N Engl J Med. 382(5):437–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupré-Crochet S, Erard M, Nüβe O. 2013. ROS production in phagocytes: Why, when, and where? J Leukoc Biol. 94(4):657–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2020. PFAS Master List of PFAS Substances. EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard. [accessed 2022 Jan 25]. https://comptox.epa.gov/ dashboard/chemical-lists/PFASMASTER.
   Google Scholar
• Evich M, Davis M, McCord J, Acrey B, Awkerman J, Knappe D, Lindstrom A, Speth T, Tebes-Stevens C, Strynar M, et al. 2022. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment. Science. 375(6580):eabg9065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenton S, Ducatman A, Boobis A, DeWitt J, Lau C, Ng C, Smith J, Roberts S. 2021. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance toxicity and human health review: Current state of knowledge and strategies for informing future research. Environ Toxicol Chem. 40(3):606–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fingerhut L, Dolz G, de Buhr N. 2020. What is the evolutionary fingerprint in neutrophil granulocytes? IJMS. 21(12):4523.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald N, Wargenau A, Sorenson C, Pedersen J, Tufenkji N, Novak P, Simcik M. 2018. Partitioning and accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in model lipid bilayers and bacteria. Environ Sci Technol. 52(18):10433–10440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaballah S, Swank A, Sobus JR, Howey X, Schmid J, Catron T, McCord J, Hines E, Strynar M, Tal T. 2020. Evaluation of developmental toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and tissue dose in zebrafish exposed to GenX and other PFAS. Environ Health Perspect. 128(4):47005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher R, Collins S, Trujillo J, McCredie K, Ahearn M, Tsai S, Metzgar R, Aulakh G, Ting R, Ruscetti F, et al. 1979. Characterization of the continuous, differentiating myeloid cell line (HL-60) from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 54(3):713–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebreab K, Eeza M, Bai T, Zuberi Z, Matysik J, O’Shea K, Alia A, Berry J. 2020. Comparative toxico-metabolomics of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and next-generation perfluoroalkyl substances. Environ Pollut. 265:114928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goudarzi H, Miyashita C, Okada E, Kashino I, Chen C, Ito S, Araki A, Kobayashi S, Matsuura H, Kishi R. 2017. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids and prevalence of infectious diseases up to 4 years of age. Environ Intl. 104:132–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandjean P, Heilmann C, Weihe P, Nielsen F, Mogensen U, Budtz-Jorgensen E. 2017a. Serum vaccine antibody concentrations in adolescents exposed to perfluorinated compounds. Environ Health Perspect. 125(7):077018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandjean P, Heilmann C, Weihe P, Nielsen F, Mogensen U, Timmermann A, Budtz-Jorgensen E. 2017b. Estimated exposures to perfluorinated compounds in infancy predict attenuated vaccine antibody concentrations at age 5-years. J Immunotoxicol. 14(1):188–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandjean P, Timmermann C, Kruse M, Nielsen F, Vinholt P, Boding L, Heilmann C, Mølbak K. 2020. Severity of COVID-19 at elevated exposure to perfluorinated alkylates. PLOS One. 15(12):e0244815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guruge K, Hikono H, Shimada N, Murakami K, Hasegawa J, Yeung L, Yamanaka N, Yamashita N. 2009. Effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on influenza A virus-induced mortality in female B6C3F1 mice. J Toxicol Sci. 34(6):687–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herb M, Schramm M. 2021. Functions of ROS in macrophages and anti-microbial immunity. Antioxidants . 10(2):313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe K, Clark M, Torroja C, Torrance J, Berthelot C, Muffato M, Collins J, Humphray S, McLaren K, Matthews L, et al. 2013. The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome. Nature. 496(7446):498–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humblet O, Diaz-Ramirez L, Balmes J, Pinney S, Hiatt R. 2014. Perfluoroalkyl chemicals and asthma among children 12–19 years of age: NHANES (1999–2008). Environ Health Perspect. 122(10):1129–1133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu X, Andrews D, Lindstrom A, Bruton T, Schaider L, Grandjean P, Lohmann R, Carignan C, Blum A, Balan S, et al. 2016. Detection of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water linked to industrial sites, military fire training areas, and wastewater treatment plants. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 3(10):344–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyötyläinen T, Bodin J, Duberg D, Dirven H, Nygaard U, Orešič M. 2021. Lipidomic analyses reveal modulation of lipid metabolism by the PFAS perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) in non-obese diabetic mice. Front Genet. 12:721507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Impinen A, Nygaard U, Lødrup Carlsen K, Mowinckel P, Carlsen K, Haug L, Granum B. 2018. Prenatal exposure to perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) associated with respiratory tract infections but not allergy- and asthma-related health outcomes in childhood. Environ Res. 160:518–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jabeen M, Fayyaz M, Irudayaraj J. 2020. Epigenetic modifications, and alterations in cell cycle and apoptosis pathway in A549 lung carcinoma cell line upon exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances. Toxics. 8(4):112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson J, von Hofsten J, Olsson P. 2001. Generating transparent zebrafish: A refined method to improve detection of gene expression during embryonic development. Mar Biotechnol. 3(6):522–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson T, Glogauer M, Ellen R, Loitto V, Magnusson K, Magalhães M. 2011. Aquaporin 9 phosphorylation mediates membrane localization and neutrophil polarization. J Leukoc Biol. 90(5):963–973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keil D, Mehlmann T, Butterworth L, Peden-Adams M. 2008. Gestational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate suppresses immune function in B6C3F1 mice. Toxicol Sci. 103(1):77–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S, Thapar I, Brooks B. 2021. Epigenetic changes by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Environ Pollut. 279:116929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King M, Radicchi-Mastroianni M. 2002. Effects of caspase inhibition on camptothecin-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Cytometry. 49(1):28–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klebanoff S. 1970. Myeloperoxidase: Contribution to the microbicidal activity of intact leukocytes. Science. 169(3950):1095–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotlarz N, McCord J, Collier D, Lea CS, Strynar M, Lindstrom A, Wilkie A, Islam J, Matney K, Tarte P, et al. 2020. Measurement of novel, drinking water-associated PFAS in blood from adults and children in Wilmington, North Carolina. Environ Health Perspect. 128(7):77005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvalem H, Nygaard U, Lødrup Carlsen K, Carlsen K, Haug L, Granum B. 2020. Perfluoroalkyl substances, airways infections, allergy, and asthma related health outcomes – implications of gender, exposure period and study design. Environ Intl. 134:105259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang J, Strynar M, Lindstrom A, Farthing A, Huang H, Schmid J, Hill D, Chernoff N. 2020. Toxicity of Balb/c mice exposed to recently identified 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propan-2-yl]oxyethane-1-sulfonic acid (PFESA-BP2). Toxicology. 441:152529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Guyader D, Redd M, Colucci-Guyon E, Murayama E, Kissa K, Briolat V, Mordelet E, Zapata A, Shinomiya H, Herbomel P. 2008. Origins and unconventional behavior of neutrophils in developing zebrafish. Blood. 111(1):132–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang L, Pan Y, Bin L, Liu Y, Huang W, Li R, Lai K. 2022. Immunotoxicity mechanisms of perfluorinated compounds PFOA and PFOS. Chemosphere. 291(Pt 2):132892.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liberatore H, Jackson S, Strynar M, McCord JP. 2020. Solvent suitability for HFPO-DA (“GenX” parent acid) in toxicological studies. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 7(7):477–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manara S, Chin J, Schneider D. 1991. Role of degranulation in activation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol. 49(5):489–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin E, Till R, Sheats M, Jones S. 2017. Misoprostol Inhibits equine neutrophil adhesion, migration, and respiratory burst in an in vitro model of inflammation. Front Vet Sci. 4:159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marvel S, To K, Grimm F, Wright F, Rusyn I, Reif D. 2018. ToxPi Graphical User Interface 2.0: Dynamic exploration, visualization, and sharing of integrated data models. BMC Bioinf. 19(1):80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Midgett K, Peden-Adams M, Gilkeson G, Kamen D. 2015. In vitro evaluation of the effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on IL-2 production in human T-cells. J Appl Toxicol. 35(5):459–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mylroie J, Wilbanks M, Kimble A, To K, Cox C, McLeod S, Gust K, Moore D, Perkins E, Garcia-Reyero N. 2021. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid-induced toxicity on zebrafish embryos in the presence or absence of the chorion. Environ Toxicol Chem. 40(3):780–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidenko O, Andrews DQ, Temkin AM, Stoiber T, Uche UI, Evans S, Perrone-Gray S. 2021. Investigating molecular mechanisms of immunotoxicity and the utility of ToxCast for immunotoxicity screening of chemicals added to food. IJERPH. 18(7):3332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2016. Monograph on Immunotoxicity Associated with Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2020. NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of perfluorooctanoic acid (CASRN 335-67-1) administered in feed to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD^®) Rats. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Neagu M, Constantin C, Bardi G, Duraes L. 2021. Adverse outcome pathway in immunotoxicity of perfluoroalkyls. Curr Opin Toxicol. 25:23–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neehus A, Moriya K, Nieto-Patlán A, Le Voyer T, Lévy R, Özen A, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Baris S, Yildiran A, Altundag E, et al. 2021. Impaired respiratory burst contributes to infections in PKCδ-deficient patients. J Exp Med. 218:e20210501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neehus A, Tuano K, Le Voyer T, Nandiwada S, Murthy K, Puel A, Casanova JL, Chinen J, Bustamante J. 2022. Chronic granulomatous disease-like presentation of a child with autosomal recessive PKCδ deficiency. J Clin Immunol. 42(6):1244–1253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng C, Hungerbühler K. 2014. Bioaccumulation of perfluorinated alkyl acids: Observations and models. Environ Sci Technol. 48(9):4637–4648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nouhi S, Ahrens L, Campos Pereira H, Hughes A, Campana M, Gutfreund P, Palsson G, Vorobiev A, Hellsing M. 2018. Interactions of perfluoroalkyl substances with a phospholipid bilayer studied by neutron reflectometry. J Colloid Interface Sci. 511:474–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS). 1998. Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.7800 Immunotoxicity. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2018. Environment Directorate Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. Toward a new comprehensive global database of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): Summary report on updating the OECD 2007 list of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Series on Risk Management #39. Paris, France: Inter-Organization Program for Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC).
   Google Scholar
• Peden-Adams M, EuDaly J, Dabra S, EuDaly A, Heesemann L, Smythe J, Keil D. 2007. Suppression of humoral immunity following exposure to the perfluorinated insecticide sulfluramid. J Toxicol Environ Health. 70(13):1130–1141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peden-Adams M, Keller J, Eudaly J, Berger J, Gilkeson G, Keil D. 2008. Suppression of humoral immunity in mice following exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate. Toxicol Sci. 104(1):144–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps D, Fletcher A, Rodriguez-Nunez I, Balik-Meisner M, Tokarz D, Reif D, Germolec D, Yoder J. 2020. In vivo assessment of respiratory burst inhibition by xenobiotic exposure using larval zebrafish. J Immunotoxicol. 17(1):94–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pick E. 2020. Cell-free NADPH oxidase activation assays: A triumph of reductionism. Meth Mol Biol. 2087:325–411.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pierozan P, Jerneren F, Karlsson O. 2018. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion potential in human breast epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol. 92(5):1729–1739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierozan P, Karlsson O. 2018. PFOS induces proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and malignant phenotype in human breast epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol. 92(2):705–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reif D, Martin M, Tan S, Houck K, Judson R, Richard A, Knudsen T, Dix D, Kavlock R. 2010. Endocrine profiling and prioritization of environmental chemicals using ToxCast data. Environ Health Perspect. 118(12):1714–1720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice P, Aungst J, Cooper J, Bandele O, Kabadi SV. 2020. Comparative analysis of the toxico-logical databases for 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). Food Chem Toxicol. 138:111210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rincón E, Rocha-Gregg B, Collins S. 2018. A map of gene expression in neutrophil-like cell lines. BMC Genomics. 19(1):573.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ritz C, Baty F, Streibig J, Gerhard D. 2015. Dose-response analysis rsing R. PLOS ONE. 10(12):e0146021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockwell C, Turley A, Cheng X, Fields P, Klaassen C. 2013. Acute immunotoxic effects of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in C57BL/6 mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. Suppl 4:S4- 002.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenmai A, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, van Vugt-Lussenburg B, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B, Vinggaard A. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper-packaging exhibit endocrine-related activity in vitro. Andrology. 4(4):662–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rushing B, Hu Q, Franklin J, McMahen R, Dagnino S, Higgins C, Strynar M, DeWitt J. 2017. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Sci. 156:179–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane H, Baur R, Lukomska E, Weatherly L, Anderson S. 2020. Immunotoxicity and allergenic potential induced by topical application of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in a murine model. Food Chem Toxicol. 136:111114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan H, Storey G. 1947. An improved method of staining leucocyte granules with Sudan black B. J Pathol Bacteriol. 59(1-2):336.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Signorell A. 2021. DescTools: Tools for descriptive statistics. R package. https://andrisignorell. github.io/DescTools/.
   Google Scholar
• Siraki A. 2021. The many roles of myeloperoxidase: From inflammation and immunity to bio-markers, drug metabolism, and drug discovery. Redox Biol. 46:102109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenland K, Zhao L, Winquist A, Parks C. 2013. Ulcerative colitis and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in a highly exposed population of community residents and workers in the mid-Ohio valley. Environ Health Perspect. 121(8):900–905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun M, Arevalo E, Strynar M, Lindstrom A, Richardson M, Kearns B, Pickett A, Smith C, Knappe D. 2016. Legacy and emerging perfluoroalkyl substances are important drinking water contaminants in the Cape Fear River watershed of North Carolina. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 3(12):415–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian J, Hong Y, Li Z, Yang Z, Lei B, Liu J, Cai Z. 2021. Immunometabolism-modulation and immunotoxicity evaluation of perfluorooctanoic acid in macrophages. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 215:112128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truong L, Reif D, St Mary L, Geier M, Truong H, Tanguay R. 2014. Multi-dimensional in vivo hazard assessment using zebrafish. Toxicol Sci. 137(1):212–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdon R, Gillies S, Brown D, Henry T, Tran L, Tyler C, Rossi A, Stone V, Johnston H. 2021. Neutrophil activation by nanomaterials in vitro: Comparing strengths and limitations of primary human cells with those of an immortalized (HL-60) cell line. Nanotoxicology. 15(1):1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, DeWitt J, Higgins C, Cousins I. 2017. A never-ending story of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)? Environ Sci Technol. 51(5):2508–2518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Yao J, Guo H, Sheng N, Guo Y, Dai J. 2022. Comparative hepatotoxicity of a novel perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid, Nafion byproduct 2 (H-PFMO2OSA), and legacy perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in adult male mice. Environ Sci Technol. 56(14):10183–10192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerfield M. 2007. The Zebrafish Book. A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). 5th Edition. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Westerman T, Bogomolnaya L, Andrews-Polymenis H, Sheats M, Elfenbein J. 2018. The Salmonella type-3 secretion system-1 and flagellar motility influence the neutrophil respiratory burst. PLOS One. 13(9):e0203698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams A, Grulke C, Edwards J, McEachran A, Mansouri K, Baker N, Patlewicz G, Shah I, Wambaugh J, Judson R, et al. 2017. The CompTox chemistry dashboard: A community data resource for environmental chemistry. J Cheminform. 9(1):61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams A, Williams A, Lambert J, Thayer K, Dorne J. 2021. Sourcing data on chemical properties and hazard data from the US-EPA CompTox chemicals dashboard: A practical guide for human risk assessment. Environ Intl. 154:106566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Q, Abedi-Valugerdi M, Xie Y, Zhao X, Möller G, Nelson B, DePierre J. 2002. Potent suppression of the adaptive immune response in mice upon dietary exposure to the potent peroxisome proliferator, perfluorooctanoic acid. Intl. Immunopharmacol. 2(2–3):389–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao J, Pan Y, Sheng N, Su Z, Guo Y, Wang J, Dai J. 2020. Novel perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) and sulfonic acids (PFESAs): Occurrence and association with serum biochemical parameters in residents living near a fluorochemical plant in China. Environ Sci Technol. 54(21):13389–13398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu L, Li W, Lv G, Sun G, Yang L, Chen J, Zhou L, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Tang X, et al. 2023. De novo somatic mosaicism of CYBB caused by intronic LINE-1 element insertion resulting in chronic granulomatous disease. J Clin Immunol. 43(1):88–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, McElroy A, Liberatore H, Alexander N, Knappe D. 2022. Nov 4 Stability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in solvents relevant to environmental and toxicological analysis. Environ Sci Technol. 56(10):6103–6112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang G, Roell K, Truong L, Tanguay R, Reif D. 2017. A data-driven weighting scheme for multivariate phenotypic endpoints recapitulates zebrafish developmental cascades. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 314:109–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng L, Dong G, Jin Y, He Q. 2009. Immunotoxic changes associated with a 7-day oral exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Arch Toxicol. 83(7):679–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng L, Dong G, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Jin Y, He Q. 2011a. Type 1 and Type 2 cytokine imbalance in adult male C57BL/6 mice following a 7-day oral exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). J Immunotoxicol. 8(1):30–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng X, Liu H, Shi W, Wei S, Giesy J, Yu H. 2011b. Effects of perfluorinated compounds on development of zebrafish embryos. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 19(7):2498–2505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong Y, Shen L, Ye X, Zhou D, He Y, Zhang H. 2020. Mechanism of immunosuppression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) spleen induced by environmentally relevant concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid. Chemosphere. 249:126200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar