A Novel Approach for the Assessment of the Nocturnal Image of the Cultural Landscape

References

• Aplin G. 2007. World heritage cultural landscapes. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 13(6):427–446.
   Google Scholar
• Avotins A, Apse-Apsitis P, Kunickis M, Ribickis L 2014. Towards smart street LED lighting systems and preliminary energy saving results. 2014 55th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University, RTUCON 130–135. doi:10.1109/RTUCON.2014.6998219.
   Google Scholar
• Bachanek KH, Tundys B, Wiśniewski T, Puzio E, Maroušková A. 2021. Intelligent street lighting in a smart city concepts—a direction to energy saving in cities: an overview and case study. Energies. 14(11):1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batool A, Rutherford P, McGraw P, Ledgeway T, Altomonte S. 2020. View preference in urban environments. Lighting Research and Technology. 1–24. doi:10.1177/1477153520981572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batool A, Rutherford P, McGraw P, Ledgeway T, Altomonte S. 2021. Window Views: difference of Perception during the COVID-19 Lockdown. LEUKOS - Journal of Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. 17(4):380–390.
   Google Scholar
• Beccali M, Bonomolo M, Ciulla G, Galatioto A, Lo Brano V. 2015. Improvement of energy efficiency and quality of street lighting in South Italy as an action of sustainable energy action plans. the case study of comiso (RG). Energy. 92(Part 3):394–408.
   Google Scholar
• Beccali M, Bonomolo M, Lo Brano V, Ciulla G, Di Dio V, Massaro F, Favuzza S. 2019. Energy saving and user satisfaction for a new advanced public lighting system. Energy Conversion and Management. 195:943–957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen KA, Jackman RW. 1990. Regression diagnostics: an expository treatment of outliers and influential cases. In: Fox J, Long JS, editors. Modern Methods of Data Analysis. Newbury Park (CA).
   Google Scholar
• Boyce PR. 2019. The benefits of light at night. Building and Environment. 151(January):356–367.
   Google Scholar
• Campisi D, Gitto S, Morea D. 2018. Economic feasibility of energy efficiency improvements in street lighting systems in Rome. Journal of Cleaner Production. 175:190–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassatella C. 2011. Assessing visual and social perceptions of landscape. In: Cassatella C, Peano A, editors. Landscape indicators. assessing and monitoring landscape quality. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer; p. 105–140.
   Google Scholar
• Cellucci L, Burattini C, Drakou D, Gugliermetti F, Bisegna F, de Lieto Vollaro A, Salata F, Golasi I. 2015. Urban lighting project for a small town: comparing citizens and authority benefits. Sustainability. 7(10):14230–14244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleophas TJ, Zwinderman AH. 2012. Mixed linear models for repeated measures. In: Statistics applied to clinical studies. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Cook RD. 1979. Influential observations in linear regression. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 74(365):169–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Council of Europe. 2000. European Landscape Convention. Available online: http://www.coe.int/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Cucchiella F, de Berardinis P, Lenny Koh SC, Rotilio M. 2017. Planning restoration of a historical landscape: a case study for integrating a sustainable street lighting system with conservation of historical values. Journal of Cleaner Production. 165:579–588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cucchiella F, Rotilio M, Annibaldi V, de Berardinis P, Di Ludovico D. 2021. A decision-making tool for transition towards efficient lighting in a context of safeguarding of cultural heritage in support of the 2030 agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production. 317:128468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel WW. 1990. Spearman rank correlation coefficient. In: Applied Nonparametric Statistics. 2nd ed. Boston. pp. 358–365.
   Google Scholar
• Daniel T. 2001. Whither scenic beauty? visual landscape quality assessment in the 21st Century. Landscape and Urban Planning. 54(1–4):267–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel TC, Meitner MM. 2001. Representational validity of landscape visualizations: the effects of graphical realism on perceived scenic beauty of forest vistas. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 21(1):61–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djuretic A, Kostic M. 2018. Actual energy savings when replacing high-pressure sodium with LED luminaires in street lighting. Energy. 157:367–378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duxbury N, Hosagrahar J, Pascual J 2016. Why must culture be at the heart of sustainable urban development? Available online: http://www.agenda21culture.net/sites/default/files/files/documents/en/culture_sd_cities_web.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Edensor T. 2015. Light design and atmosphere. Visual Communication. 14(3):331–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English Heritage. 2012. Seeing the History in the View. Available online: https://thegardenstrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/EH-Seeing-the-History-in-the-View-with-revision-note-2012-1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Entwistle J, Slater D. 2019. Making space for ‘the social’: connecting sociology and professional practices in urban lighting design. British Journal of Sociology. 70(5):2020–2041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escolar S, Carretero J, Marinescu M-C, Chessa S. 2014. Estimating energy savings in smart street lighting by using an adaptive control system. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 10(5):971587.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2014. Communication from the commission to the european parliament, the council, the european economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. towards an integrated approach to cultural heritage for europe. COM. 477.
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament. 2018. Decision (EU) 2017/864 of the european parliament and of the council of 17 may 2017 on a european year of cultural heritage. Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2017/864/oj.
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough G, Herlin IS, Swanwick C.Eds.(2018)Routledge Handbook of Landscape Character Assessment. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fotios S, Unwin J, Farrall S. 2015. Road lighting and pedestrian reassurance after dark: a review. Lighting Research and Technology. 47(4):449–469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry G, Tveit MS, Å O, Velarde MD. 2009. The ecology of visual landscapes: exploring the conceptual common ground of visual and ecological landscape indicators. Ecological Indicators. 9(5):933–947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaston KJ, Gaston S, Bennie J, Hopkins J. 2015. Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment. Environmental Reviews. 23(1):14–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano E. 2018. Outdoor lighting design as a tool for tourist development: the case of Valladolid. European Planning Studies. 26(1):55–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosagrahar J, Soule J, Girard LF, Potts A 2016. Cultural heritage, the un sustainable development goals, and the new urban agenda. Available online: https://www.usicomos.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Final-Concept-Note.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jin D, Hannon C, Li Z, Cortes P, Ramaraju S, Burgess P, Buch N, Shahidehpour M. 2016. Smart street lighting system: a platform for innovative smart city applications and a new frontier for cyber-security. The Electricity Journal. 29(10):28–35.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson RA, Wichern DW. 2002. Applied multivariate statistical analysis. New York: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Kalinauskas M, Mikša K, Inácio M, Gomes E, Pereira P. 2021. Mapping and assessment of landscape aesthetic quality in Lithuania. Journal of Environmental Management. 286:112239. April 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan R, Kaplan S. 1989. The experience of nature: a psychological perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall M, Gibbons JD. 1990. In: Arnold G, editor. Rank correlation methods. London etc.
   Google Scholar
• Köhler D. 2015. The lighting master plan as an instrument for municipalities? A Critical Assessment of possibilities and limitations. In: Meier J, Hasenöhrl U, Krause K, Pottharst M, editors. Urban lighting, light pollution and Society. New York (NY, USA): Routledge; p. 141–158.
   Google Scholar
• Mahdieh A, Mustafa Kamal MS, Suhardi M, Seyed RD. 2011. Determining the visual preference of urban landscapes. Scientific Research and Essays. 6(9):1991–1997.
   Google Scholar
• Markvica K, Richter G, Lenz G. 2019. Impact of urban street lighting on road users’ perception of public space and mobility behavior. Building and Environment. 154(February):32–43.
   Google Scholar
• Milan SB. 2017. Cultural Landscapes: the Future in the Process. Journal of Heritage Management. 2(1):19–31.
   Google Scholar
• Narboni R. 2003. La lumière et le paysage: créer des paysages nocturnes. Paris: Le Moniteur.
   Google Scholar
• Nassauer J. 1983. Framing the landscape in photographic simulation. Journal of Environmental Management. 17:1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijhuis S, Nijhuis S, van LR, Antrop M. 2011. Exploring visual landscapes. Introduction. Research in Urbanism Series. 2(1):15–39.
   Google Scholar
• Nocca F. 2017. The role of cultural heritage in sustainable development: multidimensional indicators as decision-making tool. Sustainability. 9(10):1882.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ode Å, Tveit M, Fry G. 2008. Capturing landscape visual character using indicators: touching base with landscape aesthetic theory. Landscape Research. 33(1):89–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagden M, Ngahane K, Amin MSR. 2020. Changing the colour of night on urban streets - LED vs. part-night lighting system. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 69(April 2018):100692.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer JF, Hoffman RE. 2001. Rating reliability and representation validity in scenic landscape assessments. Landscape and Urban Planning. 54(1):149–161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peña-García A, Hurtado A, Aguilar-Luzón MC. 2015. Impact of public lighting on pedestrians’ perception of safety and well-being. Safety Science. 78:142–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouta E, Grammatikopoulou I, Hurme T, Soini K, Uusitalo M. 2014. Assessing the quality of agricultural landscape change with multiple dimensions. Land. 3(3):598–616.
   Google Scholar
• Regione Piemonte. 2009. Piano Paesaggistico Regionale [ Piedmont Region, Regional Landscape Plan]. Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Regione Piemonte. 2015. Sito UNESCO I paesaggi vitivinicoli del Piemonte: langhe-Roero e Monferrato. Linee guida per l’adeguamento dei Pieni Regolatori e dei Regolamenti edilizi alle indicazioni di tutela per il sito UNESCO. [ Piedmont Region, Regional Landscape Plan, UNESCO site Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato. Guidelines for the adjustment of the Development Plans and Building Codes to the indications for the protection of the UNESCO site], Piedmont Region, September 21, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Roth M. 2006. Validating the use of Internet survey techniques in visual landscape assessment—An empirical study from Germany. Landscape and Urban Planning. 78(3):179–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seshadri K. 1997. City beautification at night. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan. 81:139–140.
   Google Scholar
• Sevenant M, Antrop M. 2009. Cognitive attributes and aesthetic preferences in assessment and differentiation of landscapes. Journal of Environmental Management. 90(9):2889–2899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sevenant M, Antrop M. 2010. The use of latent classes to identify individual differences in the importance of landscape dimensions for aesthetic preference. Land Use Policy. 27(3):827–842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sottini VA, Bernetti I, Pecchi M, Cipollaro M. 2018. Visual perception of the rural landscape: a study case in Val di Chiana aretina, Tuscany (Italy). Aestimum. 72:5–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sozen M, T B, Pollard N, Schwarcz P, Tammes A 2019. CIE Technical Report 234:2019. A guide to urban lighting masterplanning. Wien (Austria): CIE Central Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• Steg L, van den Berg Ae, de Groot Jim, editor. 2013. Environmental Psychology: an Introduction. Chichester (U.K): Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Tudor C, England N 2014. An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment. London: Natural England. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/691184/landscape-character-assessment.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tural M, Yener C. 2006. Lighting monuments: reflections on outdoor lighting and environmental appraisal. Building and Environment. 41(6):775–782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tveit MS. 2009. Indicators of visual scale as predictors of landscape preference; a comparison between groups. Journal of Environmental Management. 90(9):2882–2888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tveit M, Ode Å, Fry G. 2006. Key concepts in a framework for analysing visual landscape character. Landscape Research. 31(3):229–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2011. Recommendation on the historic urban landscape. https://whc.unesco.org/en/hul/
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2014a. Decisions adopted by the world heritage committee at its 38th session, decision: 38 COM 8B.4. Doha (Quatar). https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-16en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2014b. The vineyard landscape of langhe-roero and monferrato. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1390/documents/
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2016. Draft outcome document of the united nations conference on housing and sustainable urban development (Habitat III). Available online: http://nua.unhabitat.org/uploads/DraftOutcomeDocumentofHabitatIII_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Valetti L, Floris F, Pellegrino A. 2021. Renovation of public lighting systems in cultural landscapes: lighting and energy performance and their impact on nightscapes. Energies. 14(2):509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valetti L, Pellegrino A, Aghemo C. 2020. Cultural landscape: towards the design of a nocturnal lightscape. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 42:181–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wartmann FM, Frick J, Kienast F, Hunziker M. 2021. Factors influencing visual landscape quality perceived by the public. Results from a national survey. Landscape and Urban Planning. 208:104024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West BT, Welch KB, Galecki AT. 2007. Linear mixed models: a practical guide to using statistical software. New York: Chapman and Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Wherrett JR. 2000. Creating landscape preference models using internet survey techniques. Landscape Research. 25(1):79–96.
   Google Scholar
• Yoomak S, Jettanasen C, Ngaopitakkul A, Bunjongjit S, Leelajindakrairerk M. 2018. Comparative study of lighting quality and power quality for LED and HPS luminaires in a roadway lighting system. Energy and Buildings. 159:542–557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar