References
- Armstrong, T. D., & Costello, E. J. (2002). Community studies on adolescent substance use, abuse, or dependence and psychiatric comorbidity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(6), 1224–1239. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.6.1224
- Behrendt, S., Wittchen, H. U., Höfler, M., Lieb, R., & Beesdo, K. (2009). Transitions from first substance use to substance use disorders in adolescence: Is early onset associated with a rapid escalation? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99(1–3), 68–78. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.014
- Boys, A., Farrell, M., Taylor, C., Marsden, J., Goodman, R., Brugha, T., … Meltzer, H. (2003). Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in young people aged 13–15 years: Results from the Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/2129/. doi:10.1192/bjp.182.6.509
- Breslau, N., Fenn, N., & Peterson, E. L. (1993). Early smoking initiation and nicotine dependence in a cohort of young adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 33(2), 129–137. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(93)90054-T
- Brook, D. W., Brook, J. S., Zhang, C., Cohen, P., & Whiteman, M. (2002). Drug use and the risk of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(11), 1039–1044. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1039
- Bukstein, O. G., Brent, D. A., & Kaminer, Y. (1989). Comorbidity of substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders in adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146(9), 1131–1141. doi:10.1176/ajp.146.9.1131
- Chan, Y.-F., Dennis, M. L., & Funk, R. R. (2008). Prevalence and comorbidity of major internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents and adults presenting to substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 34(1), 14–24. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.12.031
- Chen, C.-Y., O'Brien, M. S., & Anthony, J. C. (2005). Who becomes cannabis dependent soon after onset of use? Epidemiological evidence from the United States: 2000–2001. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 79(1), 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.014
- Colder, C. R., Scalco, M., Trucco, E. M., Read, J. P., Lengua, L. J., Wieczorek, W. F., & Hawk, L. W. (2013). Prospective associations of internalizing and externalizing problems and their co-occurrence with early adolescent substance use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(4), 667–677. doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9701-0
- Conway, K. P., Vullo, G. C., Nichter, B., Wang, J., Compton, W. M., Iannotti, R. J., & Simons-Morton, B. (2013). Prevalence and patterns of polysubstance use in a nationally representative sample of 10th graders in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(6), 716–723. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.12.006
- Costello, E. J., Armstrong, T. D., & Erkanli, A. (2000). Report on the developmental epidemiology of comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders. Paper presented to National Institute on Drug Abuse.
- Couwenbergh, C., Van Den Brink, W., Zwart, K., Vreugdenhil, C., Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P., & Van Der Gaag, R. J. (2006). Comorbid psychopathology in adolescents and young adults treated for substance use disorders: A review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(6), 319–328. doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0535-6
- de Graaf, R., Bijl, R. V., Smit, F., Vollenbergh, W. A. M., & Spijker, J. (2002). Risk factors for 12-month comorbidity of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders: Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(4), 620–629. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.620
- Dewit, D. J., Adlaf, E. M., Offord, D. R., & Ogborne, A. C. (2000). Age at first alcohol use: A risk factor for the development of alcohol disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(5), 745–750. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.745
- Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Ridder, E. M. (2007). Conduct and attentional problems in childhood and adolescence and later substance use, abuse and dependence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88, 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.011
- Gattamorta, K. A., Mena, M. P., Santisteban, D. A., & Amaro, H. (2017). Gender differences among Hispanic youth: An examination of family functioning and clinical symptoms. Manuscript in preparation.
- Gil, A. G., Wagner, E. F., & Tubman, J. G. (2004). Associations between early-adolescent substance use and subsequent young-adult substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders among a multiethnic male sample in South Florida. American Journal of Public Health, 94(9), 1603–1609. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.9.1603
- Grant, B. F., & Dawson, D. A. (1997). Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse, 9, 103–110. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(97)90009-2
- Grant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, P., Dufour, M. C., Compton, W., … Kaplan, K. (2004). Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(8), 807–816. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.807
- Grella, C. E., Hser, Y., Joshi, V., & Rounds-Bryant, J. (2001). Drug treatment outcomes for adolescents with comorbid mental and substance use disorders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(6), 384–392. doi: 10.1097/00005053-200106000-00006
- Hawkins, E. H. (2009). A tale of two systems: Co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders treatment for adolescents. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 197–227. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163456
- Kandel, D. B., Huang, F. Y., & Davies, M. (2001). Comorbidity between patterns of substance use dependence and psychiatric syndromes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 64(2), 233–241. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00126-0
- Kann, L., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., … Zaza, S. (2016). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries, 65(SS-6), 1–174. doi: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6506a1
- Kessler, R. C., Crum, R. M., Warner, L. A., Nelson, C. B., Shulenberg, J., & Anthony, J. C. (1997). Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(4), 313–321. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830160031005
- Lucas, C. P., Zhang, H., Fisher, P. W., Shaffer, D., Regier, D. A., Narrow, W., … Friman, P. (2001). The DISC Predictive Scales (DPS): Efficiently screening for diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(4), 443–449. doi:10.1097/00004583-200104000-00013
- Magallon-Neri, E., Diaz, R., Forns, M., Goti, J., Canalda, G., & Castro-Fornieles, J. (2012). Subtypes of adolescents with substance use disorders and psychiatric comorbidity using cluster and discriminant analysis of MMPI-A profiles. Adicciones, 24(3), 219–227.
- Mason, M. J., Aplasca, A., Morales-Theodore, R., Zaharakis, N., & Linker, J. (2016). Psychiatric comorbidity and complications. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25(3), 521–532. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2016.02.007
- Merikangas, K. R., Mehta, R. L., Molnar, B. E., Walters, E. E., Swendsen, J. D., Aguilar-Gaziola, S., … Kessler, R. C. (1998). Comorbidity of substance use disorders with mood and anxiety disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 23(6), 893–907. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00076-8
- Miettunen, J., Murray, G. K., Jones, P. B., Mäki, P., Ebeling, H., Taanila, A., … Moilanen, I. (2014). Longitudinal associations between childhood and adulthood externalizing and internalizing psychopathology and adolescent substance use. Psychological Medicine, 44(8), 1727–1738. doi:10.1017/S0033291713002328
- Nelson, C. B., & Wittchen, H.-U. (1998). DSM-IV alcohol disorders in a general population sample of adolescents and young adults. Addiction, 93(7), 1065–1077. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.937106511.x
- Pacek, L. R., Malcolm, R. J., & Martins, S. S. (2012). Race/ethnicity differences between alcohol, marijuana, and co-occurring alcohol and marijuana use disorders and their association with public health and social problems using a national sample. The American Journal on Addictions, 21(5), 435–444. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00249.x
- Robbins, M. S., Kumar, S., Walker-Barnes, C., Feaster, D. J., Briones, E., & Szapocznik, J. (2002). Ethnic differences in comorbidity among substance-abusing adolescents referred to outpatient therapy. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(4), 394–401. doi:10.1097/00004583-200204000-00011
- Rowe, C. L., Liddle, H. A., Greenbaum, P. E., & Henderson, C. E. (2004). Impact of psychiatric comorbidity on treatment of adolescent drug abusers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 26(2), 129–140. doi:10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00166-1
- Salom, C. L., Betts, K. S., Williams, G. M., Najman, J. M., & Alati, R. (2016). Predictors of comorbid poly-substance use and mental health disorders in young adults—a latent class analysis. Addiction, 111(1), 156–164. doi:10.1111/add.13058
- Salom, C. L., Williams, G. M., Najman, J. M., & Alati, R. (2015). Familial factors associated with development of alcohol and mental health comorbidity. Addiction, 110(2), 248–257. doi:10.1111/add.12722
- Santisteban, D. A., Mena, M. P., & Abalo, C. (2013). Bridging diversity and family systems: Culturally informed and flexible family-based treatment for Hispanic adolescents. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 2(4), 246–263. doi:10.1037/cfp0000013
- Santisteban, D. A., Mena, M. P., & McCabe, B. E. (2011). Preliminary results for an adaptive family treatment for drug abuse in Hispanic youth. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(4), 610–614. doi:10.1037/a0024016
- Schuckit, M. A., Tipp, J. E., Bergman, M., Reich, W., Hesselbrock, V. M., & Smith, T. L. (1997). Comparison of induced and independent major depressive disorders in 2,945 alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(7), 948–957. doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.948
- Shane, P. A., Jasiukaitis, P., & Green, R. S. (2003). Treatment outcomes among adolescents with substance abuse problems: The relationship between comorbidities and post-treatment substance involvement. Evaluation and Program Planning, 26(4), 393–402. doi:10.1016/S0149-7189(03)00055-7
- Swendsen, J., Burstein, M., Case, B., Conway, K. P., Dierker, L., He, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2012). Use and abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs in US adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey-adolescent supplement. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(4), 390–398. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1503
- Tomlinson, K. L., Brown, S. A, & Abrantes, A. (2004). Psychiatric comorbidity and substance use treatment outcomes of adolescents. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 18(2), 160–169. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.18.2.160
- Turner, R. J., & Lloyd, D. A. (2003). Cumulative adversity and drug dependence in young adults: Racial/ethnic contrasts. Addiction, 98(3), 305–315. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00312.x
- Valentiner, D. P., Mounts, N. S., & Deacon, B. J. (2004). Panic attacks, depression and anxiety symptoms, and substance use behaviors during late adolescence. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18(5), 573–585. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.04.001
- Zayas, L. H., Lester, R. J., Cabassa, L. J., & Fortuna, L. R. (2005). Why do so many Latina teens attempt suicide? A conceptual model for research. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(2), 275–287. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.275
- Zeitlin, H. (1999). Psychiatric comorbidity with substance misuse in children and teenagers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 55(3), 225–234. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00018-6