Sex Differences in Opioid Use Disorder Prevalence and Multimorbidity Nationally in the Veterans Health Administration

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
   Google Scholar
• Arout, C. A., Sofuoglu, M., Bastian, L. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2018). Gender differences in the prevalence of fibromyalgia and in concomitant medical and psychiatric disorders: A national Veterans Health Administration study. Journal of Women's Health, 27(8), 1035–1044. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2017.6622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Back, S. E., Killeen, T., Teer, A., Beylotte, F., McCauley, J. L., Gros, D. F., Hellmuth, J., & Brady, K. T. (2015). Gender differences in trauma and substance use characteristics among veterans with PTSD and substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 146, e213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.047
   Google Scholar
• Back, S. E., Lawson, K., Singleton, L., & Brady, K. T. (2011). Characteristics and correlates of men and women with prescription opioid dependence. Addictive Behaviors, 36(8), 829–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.03.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, K., Mercer, S. W., Norbury, M., Watt, G., Wyke, S., & Guthrie, B. (2012). Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 380(9836), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry, D. T., Sofuoglu, M., Kerns, R. D., Wiechers, I. R., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2015). Prevalence and correlates of co-prescribing psychotropic medications with long-term opioid use nationally in the Veterans Health Administration. Psychiatry Research, 227(2–3), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartley, E. J., & Fillingim, R. B. (2013). Sex differences in pain: A brief review of clinical and experimental findings. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111(1), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aet127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bawor, M., Dennis, B. B., Varenbut, M., Daiter, J., Marsh, D. C., Plater, C., Worster, A., Steiner, M., Anglin, R., Pare, G., Desai, D., Thabane, L., & Samaan, Z. (2015). Sex differences in substance use, health, and social functioning among opioid users receiving methadone treatment: A multicenter cohort study. Biology of Sex Differences, 6, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-015-0038-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalla, I. P., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2018). A change in perspective: From dual diagnosis to multimorbidity. Psychiatric Services, 69(1), 112–116. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalla, I. P., Stefanovics, E. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2018). Mental health multimorbidity and poor quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 201, 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohnert, A. S. B., Ilgen, M. A., Galea, S., McCarthy, J. F., & Blow, F. C. (2011). Accidental poisoning mortality among patients in the Department of Veterans Affairs Health System. Medical Care, 49(4), 393–396. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e318202aa27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987). A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40(5), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Charlson, M., Szatrowski, T. P., Peterson, J., & Gold, J. (1994). Validation of a combined comorbidity index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 47(11), 1245–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicero, T. J., Wong, G., Tian, Y., Lynskey, M., Todorov, A., & Isenberg, K. (2009). Co-morbidity and utilization of medical services by pain patients receiving opioid medications: Data from an insurance claims database. Pain, 144(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.01.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillingim, R. B., King, C. D., Ribeiro-Dasilva, M. C., Rahim-Williams, B., & Riley, J. L. (2009). Sex, gender, and pain: A review of recent clinical and experimental findings. The Journal of Pain, 10(5), 447–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay, A. K., Binswanger, I. A., Smelson, D., Sawh, L., McGuire, J., Rosenthal, J., Blue-Howells, J., Timko, C., Blodgett, J. C., Harris, A. H., Asch, S. M., & Frayne, S. (2015). Sex differences in mental health and substance use disorders and treatment entry among justice-involved veterans in the Veterans Health Administration. Medical Care, 53(4 Suppl 1), S105–S111. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, S. F., & Grella, C. E. (2009). What is “women-focused” treatment for substance use disorders? Psychiatric Services, 60(7), 880–882. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.60.7.880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, S. F., Brooks, A. J., Gordon, S. M., Green, C. A., Kropp, F., McHugh, R. K., Lincoln, M., Hien, D., & Miele, G. M. (2007). Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: A review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, S. F., Sugarman, D. E., Freid, C. M., Bailey, G. L., Crisafulli, M. A., Kaufman, J. S., Wigderson, S., Connery, H. S., Rodolico, J., Morgan-Lopez, A. A., & Fitzmaurice, G. M. (2014). Group therapy for women with substance use disorders: Results from the Women's Recovery Group Study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 142, 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, S. F., Trucco, E. M., McHugh, R. K., Lincoln, M., & Gallop, R. J. (2007). The Women’s Recovery Group Study: A stage I trial of women-focused group therapy for substance use disorders versus mixed-gender group drug counseling. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grella, C. E., Karno, M. P., Warda, U. S., Niv, N., & Moore, A. A. (2009). Gender and comorbidity among individuals with opioid use disorders in the NESARC study. Addictive Behaviors, 34(6–7), 498–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie, B., Payne, K., Alderson, P., McMurdo, M. E. T., & Mercer, S. W. (2012). Adapting clinical guidelines to take account of multimorbidity. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 345, e6341. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e6341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Avila, C. A., Rounsaville, B. J., & Kranzler, H. R. (2004). Opioid-, cannabis- and alcohol-dependent women show more rapid progression to substance abuse treatment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 74(3), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoggatt, K. J., Jamison, A. L., Lehavot, K., Cucciare, M. A., Timko, C., & Simpson, T. L. (2015). Alcohol and drug misuse, abuse, and dependence in women veterans. Epidemiologic Reviews, 37(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxu010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iheanacho, M. D. T., Stefanovics, P. E., & Rosenheck, M. D. R. (2018). Opioid use disorder and homelessness in the Veterans Health Administration: The challenge of multimorbidity. Journal of Opioid Management, 14(3), 171–182. https://doi.org/10.5055/jom.2018.0447
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kimerling, R., Street, A. E., Pavao, J., Smith, M. W., Cronkite, R. C., Holmes, T. H., & Frayne, S. M. (2010). Military-related sexual trauma among Veterans Health Administration patients returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. American Journal of Public Health, 100(8), 1409–1412. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.171793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuehn, B. (2017). NIH strategy to combat opioid crisis. JAMA, 318(24), 2418–2418. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.19920
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, E. T., Jamison, A. L., Ghaus, S., Durazo, E. M., Frayne, S. M., Hoggatt, K. J., Bean-Mayberry, B., Timko, C., & Cucciare, M. A. (2016). Receptivity to alcohol-related care among U.S. women veterans with alcohol misuse. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 35(4), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2016.1171670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, L. A., Bohnert, A. S. B., Blow, F. C., Gordon, A. J., Ignacio, R. V., Kim, H. M., & Ilgen, M. A. (2021). Polysubstance use and association with opioid use disorder treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration. Addiction, 116(1), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLean, R. R., Sofuoglu, M., & Rosenheck, R. (2018). Tobacco and alcohol use disorders: Evaluating multimorbidity. Addictive Behaviors, 78, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manhapra, A., & Becker, W. C. (2018). Pain and addiction: An integrative therapeutic approach. The Medical Clinics of North America, 102(4), 745–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manhapra, A., & Rosenheck, R. (2021). Commentary on Lin et al.: Saving lives during the opioid crisis-widening the focus from opioid use disorder to polysubstance use disorder and to multimorbidity. Addiction, 116(1), 105–106. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manubay, J., Davidson, J., Vosburg, S., Jones, J., Comer, S., & Sullivan, M. (2015). Sex differences among opioid-abusing patients with chronic pain in a clinical trial. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 9(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, J. C., Park, K., Lin, Y., & Bersamira, C. (2018). Gender differences in trends for heroin use and nonmedical prescription opioid use, 2007-2014. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 87, 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazure, C. M., & Fiellin, D. A. (2018). Women and opioids: Something different is happening here. The Lancet, 392(10141), 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31203-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, R. K., DeVito, E. E., Dodd, D., Carroll, K. M., Potter, J. S., Greenfield, S. F., Connery, H. S., & Weiss, R. D. (2013). Gender differences in a clinical trial for prescription opioid dependence. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2012.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, R. K., Votaw, V. R., Sugarman, D. E., & Greenfield, S. F. (2018). Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 66, 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messina, N., Calhoun, S., & Warda, U. (2012). Gender-responsive drug court treatment: A randomized controlled trial. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(12), 1539–1558. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812453913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrill, R., Cromartie, J., & Hart, G. (1999). Metropolitan, urban, and rural commuting areas: Toward a better depiction of the United States settlement system. Urban Geography, 20(8), 727–748. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.20.8.727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics. (2016). Veteran population. https://www.va.gov/vetdata/veteran_population.asp
   Google Scholar
• Oliva, E. M., Gregor, A., Rogers, J., Dalton, A., Harris, A. H. S., & Trafton, J. A. (2012). Correlates of specialty substance use disorder treatment among female patients in the Veterans Health Administration. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 12(3), 282–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533256X.2012.702620
   Google Scholar
• Orwin, R. G., Francisco, L., & Bernichon, T. (2001). Effectiveness of women’s substance abuse treatment Programs: A meta-analysis. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Pemberton, M. R., Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Lipari, R. N., Ashley, O. S., Heller, D. C., Williams, M. R. (2016). Prevalence of past year substance use and mental illness by veteran status in a nationally representative sample. CBHSQ Data Review. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DR-VeteranTrends-2016/NSDUH-DR-VeteranTrends-2016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Seal, K. H., Metzler, T. J., Gima, K. S., Bertenthal, D., Maguen, S., & Marmar, C. R. (2009). Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs health care, 2002-2008. American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1651–1658. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.150284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serdarevic, M., Striley, C. W., & Cottler, L. B. (2017). Gender differences in prescription opioid use. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 30(4), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, K. Z., Smith, P. H., Cercone, S. A., McKee, S. A., & Homish, G. G. (2016). Past year non-medical opioid use and abuse and PTSD diagnosis: Interactions with sex and associations with symptom clusters. Addictive Behaviors, 58, 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teeters, J. B., Lancaster, C. L., Brown, D. G., & Back, S. E. (2017). Substance use disorders in military veterans: Prevalence and treatment challenges. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 8, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S116720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). What is the U.S. opioid epidemic? https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/index.html
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Veterans Affairs. (2017). Women veterans health care. https://www.womenshealth.va.gov/WOMENSHEALTH/womenshealthservices/healthcare_about.asp
   Google Scholar
• Vazan, P., Golub, A., & Bennett, A. S. (2013). Substance use and other mental health disorders among veterans returning to the inner city: Prevalence, correlates, and rates of unmet treatment need. Substance Use & Misuse, 48(10), 880–893. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.796989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow, N. D., & Collins, F. S. (2017). The role of science in addressing the opioid crisis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 377(4), 391–394. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1706626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyse, J. J., Gordon, A. J., Dobscha, S. K., Morasco, B. J., Tiffany, E., Drexler, K., Sandbrink, F., & Lovejoy, T. I. (2018). Medications for opioid use disorder in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System: Historical perspective, lessons learned, and next steps. Substance Abuse, 39(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2018.1452327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar