3,759
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Attitudes Toward Adoption by Same-Sex Couples: Effects of Gender of the Participant, Sexual Orientation of the Couple, and Gender of the Child

&

References

  • Almeida, S. J. (2010). Homossexuais no Estado Novo [Homosexuals during the Estado Novo]. Porto, Portugal: Porto Editora.
  • Anderssen, N., Amlie, C., & Ytteroy, E. (2002). Outcomes for children with lesbian or gay parents: A review of studies from 1978 to 2000. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43(3), 335–351.
  • Badinter, E. (1997). XY: A identidade masculina [The masculine identity] (3rd ed.). Porto, Portugal: Edições Asa.
  • Becker, A. B., & Todd, M. E. (2013). A new American family? Public opinion toward family status and perceptions of the challenges faced by children of same-sex parents. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 9(5), 425–448. doi: 10.1080/1550428X.2013.822841
  • Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246.
  • Berkowitz, D., & Marsiglio, W. (2007). Gay men: Negotiating procreative, father, and family identities. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 366–381.
  • Camilleri, P., & Ryan, M. (2006). Social work students’ attitudes toward homosexuality and their knowledge and attitudes toward homosexual parenting as an alternative family unit: An Australian study. Social Work Education, 25, 288–304. doi:10.1080/02615470600565244
  • Carneiro, N. S., & Menezes, I. (2007). From an oppressed citizenship to affirmative identities: Lesbian and gay political participation in Portugal. Journal of Homosexuality, 53(3), 65–82. doi:10.1300/J082v53n03_05
  • Clarke, V. (2001). What about the children? Arguments against lesbian and gay parenting. Women's Studies International Forum, 24(5), 555–570. doi:10.1016/S0277-5395(01)00193-5
  • Clarke, V., Ellis, S. J., Peel, E., & Riggs, D. W. (2010). Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans & Queer Psychology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
  • Constituição Portuguesa (2005). Princípios fundamentais. [Fundamental principles]. Retrieved from http://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/ConstituicaoRepublicaPortuguesa.aspx
  • Council of Europe. (2011). Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity in Europe. Council of Europe Publishing (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://www.coe.int/t/Commissioner/Source/LGBT/LGBTStudy2011_en.pdf
  • Crawford, I., McLeod, A., Zamboni, B., & Jordan, M. (1999). Psychologists’ attitudes toward gay and lesbian parenting. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30, 394–401. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.30.4.394
  • Crawford, I., & Solliday, E. (1996). The attitudes of undergraduate college students toward gay parenting. Journal of Homosexuality, 30(4), 63–77. doi: 10.1300/J082v30n04_04
  • European Commission. (2007). Eurobarometer 66. Public opinion in the European Union. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb66/eb66_en.pdf
  • European Commission. (2012). Special Eurobarometer 393, Discrimination in the EU in 2012, Report. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf
  • European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2013). EU LGBT survey. European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender survey. Results at a glance. Retrieved from http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eu-lgbt-survey-results-at-a-glance_en.pdf
  • Fisher-Thompson, D., Sausa, A. D., & Wright, T. F. (1995). Toy selection for children: Personality and toy request influences. Sex Roles, 33, 3/4, 239–255.
  • Fiske, S., Cuddy, A. J., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878–902.
  • Fraser, I., Fish, T., & Mackenzie, T. (1995). Reactions to child custody decisions involving homosexual and heterosexual parents. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 27, 52–63. doi:10.1037/0008-400X.27.1.52
  • Gato, J., & Fontaine, A. M. (2011). Impacto da orientação sexual e do género na parentalidade: Uma revisão dos estudos empíricos com famílias homoparentais [Impact of sexual orientation and gender in parenting: A review of empirical studies about lesbian and gay parenting]. Ex-Aequo, 23, 83–89.
  • Gato, J., & Fontaine, A. M. (2013). Anticipation of the sexual and gender development of children adopted by same-sex couples. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 244–253. doi:10.1080/00207594.2011.645484
  • Gato, J., & Fontaine, A. M. (2014). Homoparentalidade no masculino: uma revisão da literatura [Gay fathers and their children: A literature review]. Psicologia e Sociedade, 26(2), 312–322.
  • Gato, J., Freitas, D., & Fontaine, A. M. (2012). Atitudes relativamente à homoparentalidade de futuros intervenientes da rede social [Attitudes toward same-sex parenting of future professionals in social intervention]. Psicologia, 26(1), 71–95.
  • Gato, J., Freitas, D., & Fontaine, A. M. (2013). Attitudes toward same-sex parenting: Exploratory, confirmatory, and invariance analyses of two psychometric scales. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 9(3), 205–229. doi: 10.1080/1550428X.2013.781906
  • Gross, M. (2012). Choisir la paternité gay. Toulouse, France: Èditions Érès.
  • Hollekim, R., Slaaten, H., & Anderssen, N. (2012). A nationwide study of Norwegian beliefs about same-sex marriage and gay parenthood. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 1(3), 1–10. doi: 10.1007/s13178-011-0049-y
  • Jacklin, C. N., DiPietro, J. A., & Maccoby, E. E. (1984). Sex-typing behavior and sex-typing pressure in child/parent interaction. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 13, 5, 413–425.
  • Kane, E. W. (2006). “No way my boys are going to be like that!” Parents’ responses to children's gender nonconformity. Gender & Society, 20, 2, 149–176.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (1994). Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. In H. Brod & M. Kaufman (Eds.), Theorizing masculinities (pp. 119–141). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • King, B., & Black, K. (1999). College students’ perceptual stigmatization of the children of lesbian mothers. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69(2), 220–227.
  • Kite, M. E., & Deaux, K. (1987). Gender belief systems: Homosexuality and implicit inversion theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11, 83–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00776.x
  • Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1996). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 336–353. doi: 10.1177/0146167296224002
  • Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1998). Do heterosexual women and men differ in their attitudes toward homosexuality? A conceptual and methodological analysis. In G. M. Herek (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues; Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: Vol. 4 (pp. 39–61). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (3rd Ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Lytton, H., & Romney, D. M. (1991). Parents’ differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 267–296.
  • Mallon, G. P. (2004). Gay men choosing parenthood. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Marôco, J. (2010). Análise de equações estruturais. Fundamentos téoricos, software & aplicações [Structural equation modeling analysis: Theoretical foundations, software & applications]. Pêro Pinheiro: Report Number.
  • Martin, C. L., Wood, C. H., & Little, J. K. (1990). The development of gender stereotypes components. Child Development, 61, 1891–1904. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03573.x
  • Massey, S. G. (2007). Sexism, heterosexism, and attributions about undesirable behavior in children of gay, lesbian, and heterosexual parents. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 3(4), 457–483. doi: 10.1300/J461v03n04_05
  • Massey, S. G., Merriwether, A. M., & Garcia, J. R. (2013). Modern prejudice and same-sex parenting: Shifting judgments in positive and negative parenting situations. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 9(2), 129–151. doi: 10.1080/1550428X.2013.765257
  • McLeod, A., Crawford, I., & Zechmeister, J. (1999). Heterosexual undergraduates’ attitudes toward gay fathers and their children. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 11(1), 43–62. doi:10.1300/J056v11n01_03
  • Morse, C., McLaren, S., & McLachlan, A. (2007). The attitudes of Australian heterosexuals toward same-sex parents. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 3(2/3), 425–455. doi:10.1300/J461v03n04_04
  • Nogueira, C., & Oliveira, J. M. (2010). Estudo sobre a discriminação em função da orientação sexual e da identidade de género [Study about discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity]. Lisboa, Portugal: Comissão para a Cidadania e a Igualdade de Género.
  • Patterson, C. J. (2005). Lesbian and gay parents and their children: Summary of research findings. In Lesbian and gay parenting (pp. 5–22). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Pennington, J., & Knight, T. (2011). Through the lens of hetero-normative assumptions: Re-thinking attitudes towards gay parenting. Culture, Health, & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care, 13(1), 59–72. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2010.519049
  • Rye, B. J., & Meaney, G. J. (2010). Self-defense, sexism, and etiological beliefs: Predictors of attitudes toward gay and lesbian adoption. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 6(1), 1–24. doi:10.1080/15504280903472485
  • Sandnabba, N. K., & Ahlberg, C. (1999). Parents’ attitudes and expectations about children's cross-gender behavior. Sex Roles, 40, 249–264. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2010.519049
  • Santos, A. C. (2004). Sexual orientation in Portugal: Towards emancipation. South European Society & Politics, 9, 159–190.
  • Santos, C. M., Santos, A. C., Duarte, M., & Lima, T. M. (2009). Homoparentalidade e desafios ao direito: O caso Silva Mouta na justiça portuguesa e no Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos [Lesbian and gay parenting and challenges to the law: The Silva Mouta case in the European Court of Human Rights]. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, 87, 43–68.
  • Schweizer, K. (2010). Some guidelines concerning the modeling of traits and abilities in test construction. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 1–2.
  • Siegal, M. (1987). Are sons and daughters treated more differently by fathers than by mothers? Developmental Review, 7, 183–209.
  • Stulhofer, A., & Rimac, I. (2009). Determinants of homonegativity in Europe. Journal of Sex Research, 46(1), 24–32. doi: 10.1080/00224490802398373
  • Takács, J., & Szalma, Y. (2013). How to measure homophobia in an international comparison. Druzhoslovne Razparave, 24(73), 11–42.
  • Tasker, F. (2013). Lesbian and gay parenting post-heterosexual divorce and separation. In A. E. Goldberg & K. R. Allen (Eds.), LGBT-parent families: Innovations in research and implications for practice (pp. 3–20). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Tasker, F., & Patterson, C. J. (2007). Research on gay and lesbian parenting. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 3(2/3), 9–34. doi:10.1300/J461v03n02_02
  • Van den Akker, H., van der Ploeg, R., & Scheepers, P. (2013). Disapproval of homosexuality: Comparative research on individual and national determinants of disapproval of homosexuality in 20 European countries. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(1), 64–86. doi: 10.1093/ijpor/edr058
  • Vecho, O., & Schneider, B. (2005). Homoparentalité et développement de l’enfant: Bilan de trente ans de publications. [Lesbian and gay parenting and child development: Assessment based on thirty years of publications] La Psychiatrie de l’Enfant, 481, 271–328. doi:10.3917/psye.481.0271
  • Williams, J. E., & Best, D. L. (1990). Measuring sex stereotypes: A multinational study. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.