“If you can’t tell, does it matter?” Westworld, the murder of the real, and 21st century schooling

References

• Andreeva, N. (2016). Westworld’s finale hits season high, caps most watched first season of HBO Series. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved from www.deadline.com/2016/12/westworld-finale-ratings-season-high-drama-most-watched-hbo-first-season-series-1201864657.
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations (P. Foss, P. Patton, & P. Beitchman, Trans.). Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext(e).
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, J. (1990). Fatal strategies. Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext(e).
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, J. (1996). The perfect crime (C. Turner, Trans.). London, UK: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, J. (2009). The vanishing point of communication. In D. B. Clarke (Eds.), Jean Baudrillard: Fatal theories (pp. 15–23). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, J., & Lane, M. (2012). The Gulf War did not take place. In T. Riggs (Ed.), The literature of war (Vol. 3, pp. 285–287). Detroit, MI: St. James. Gale Virtual Reference Library.
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, J., & Levin, C. (1981). For a critique of the political economy of the sign. St. Louis, MO: Telos.
   Google Scholar
• Bellan, J. M., & Scheurmann, G. (1998). Actual and virtual reality: Making the most of field trips. Social Education, 62, 35–40.
   Google Scholar
• Brabazon, T. (2011). Take the red pill: A new matrix of literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 2, 209–229.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. D., & Brown, A. L. (2017). Hollywood histories: Examining contemporary depictions of race and American slavery in popular film. In J. Stoddard, A. S. Marcus, & D. Hicks (Eds.), Teaching difficult history through film (pp. 145–159). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, R. (1999). Jean Baudrillard: The defence of the real. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Callinicos, A. (1990). Against postmodernism: A Marxist critique. New York, NY: St. Martin’s.
   Google Scholar
• Casey, Z. A. (2011). Toward a reconceptualization of needs in classrooms: Baudrillard, critical pedagogy, and schooling in the United States. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 9, 77–90.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, M. (2008). Marxism and educational theory: Origins and issues. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dakers, J. R. (2006). Introduction: Defining technological literacy. In J. R. Dakers (Ed.), Defining technological literacy: Towards an epistemological framework (pp. 17–30). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• de Vries, M. J. (2006). Technological knowledge and artifacts: An analytical view. In J. R. Dakers (Ed.), Defining technological literacy: Towards an epistemological framework (pp. 1–4). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Digital Oral Histories for Reconciliation (DOHR). (2018). About. Retrieved from https://dohr.ca/about/
   Google Scholar
• Ertmer, P. A., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., & Sendurur, P. (2012). Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers & Education, 59(2), 423–435. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn, B. (2002). Factual hybridity: Games, documentary and simulated spaces. Media International Australia, 104(1), 42–54.
   Google Scholar
• Genosko, G. (2002). McLuhan and Baudrillard: Masters of implosion. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Genosko, G., & Bryx, A. (2004). The Matrix decoded: Le Nouvel Observateur interview with Jean Baudrillard. International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, 1(2) (2004). Retrieved from https://www2.ubishops.ca/baudrillardstudies/vol1_2/genosko.htm
   Google Scholar
• Gerofsky, S. (2010). The impossibility of “real-life” word problems (according to Bakhtin, Lacan, and Baudrillard). Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 31(1), 61–73. doi:10.1080/01596300903465427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannafin, M. J., & Land, S. M. (2000). Technology and student-centered learning in higher education: Issues and practices. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 12(1), 3–30.
   Google Scholar
• Hayles, N. K. (1991). The borders of madness. Science Fiction Studies, 18(3), 321–329.
   Google Scholar
• Jagger, M., & Richards, K. (1966). Paint it black [Recorded by the Rolling Stones]. On aftermath. New York, NY: RCA.
   Google Scholar
• Kane, T. J., Rockoff, J. E., & Staiger, D. O. (2008). What does certification tell us about teacher effectiveness? Evidence from New York City. Economics of Education Review, 27(6), 615–631. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellner, D. (2007). A good long run. International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, Remembering Baudrillard, Retrieved from https://www2.ubishops.ca/baudrillardstudies/obituaries_dkellner.html
   Google Scholar
• Kellner, D., & Share, J. (2005). Toward critical media literacy: Core concepts, debates, organizations, and policy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 26(3), 369–386.
   Google Scholar
• Kline, K. (2016). Jean Baudrillard and the limits of critical media literacy. Educational Theory, 66(5), 641–656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumashiro, K. (2004). Against common sense: Teaching and learning toward social justice. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, C. P. (2013). Bridging the gap: Technology trends and use of technology in schools. Educational Technology & Society, 16, 59–68. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.16.2.59
   Google Scholar
• Martin, S., Diaz, G., Sancristobal, E., Gil, R., Castro, M., & Peire, J. (2011). New technology trends in education: Seven years of forecasts and convergence. Computers & Education, 57(3), 1893–1906. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLuhan, M. (2011). The Gutenberg galaxy. Canada: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• McLuhan, M., & Lapham, L. H. (1994). Understanding media: The extensions of man. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
   Google Scholar
• Merrin, W. (2006). Baudrillard and the media: A critical introduction. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Mitcham, C. (1994). Thinking through technology: The path between engineering and philosophy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moran, P., & Kendall, A. (2009). Baudrillard and the end of education. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 32(3), 327–335. doi:10.1080/17437270903259873
   Google Scholar
• Nichols, S. L., & Berliner, D. C. (2007). Collateral damage: How high-stakes testing corrupts America’s schools. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Educational Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nolan, J., & Joy, L. C. (2016). Westworld [television series]. Santa Monica, CA: Bad Robot.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, T. (2011). Consuming schools: Commercialism and the end of politics. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, M. A. (2006). From knowledge to information: Virtual classrooms or automated diploma mills? In J. R. Dakers (Ed.), Defining technological literacy: Towards an epistemological framework (pp. 297–313). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Sandwell, R. (2006). Redrawing early contact. Critical challenges across the curriculum. Vancouver, Canada: The Critical Thinking Consortium. Retrieved from tc2.ca/pdf/samplecriticalchallenges/NewFranceA.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sang, G., Valcke, M., Braak, J. V., & Tondeur, J. (2010). Student teachers’ thinking processes and ICT integration: Predictors of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology. Computers & Education, 54(1), 103–112. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shernoff, D. J. (2013). Optimal learning environments to promote student engagement. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Shields, R. (2012). The virtual. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Singer, N. (2017). Silicon Valley courts brand name teachers, raising ethics issues. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/02/technology/silicon-valley-teachers-tech.html
   Google Scholar
• Spielberg, S. (Director) (1993). Schindler’s list [motion picture]. USA: Universal.
   Google Scholar
• Straub, E. T. (2009). Understanding technology adoption: Theory and future directions for informal learning. Review of Educational Research, 79(2), 625–649. doi:10.3102/0034654308325896
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachowski, L., & Wachowski, L. (Directors) (1999). The matrix [motion picture]. USA: Warner.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, T. L., & Chhuon, V. (2014). Proximal processes in urban classrooms: Engagement and disaffection in urban youth of color. American Educational Research Journal, 51(5), 937–973. doi:10.3102/0002831214531324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallin, J. J. (2008). Living with monsters: An inquiry parable. Teaching Education, 19(4), 311–323.
   Google Scholar
• Wallin, J. J. (2016). Deliriumland: Disney and the simulation of utopia. In J. A. Sandlin & J. C. Garlen (Eds.), Disney, culture, and curriculum (pp. 136–147). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar