The Impact of First Trimester TSH Level on Fetal Growth and Post-Term Pregnancy

References

• Singh S, Sandhu S. Thyroid disease and pregnancy. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, Grobman WA, Laurberg P, Lazarus JH, Mandel SJ, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27(3):315–89. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahadik K, Choudhary P, Roy PK. Study of thyroid function in pregnancy, its feto-maternal outcome; a prospective observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):769. doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03448-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derakhshan A, Peeters RP, Taylor PN, Bliddal S, Carty DM, Meems M, Vaidya B, Chen L, Knight BA, Ghafoor F, et al. Association of maternal thyroid function with birthweight: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(6):501–10. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30061-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong LL, Liu H, Liu LH. Relationship between hypothyroidism and the incidence of gestational diabetes: A meta-analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;55(2):171–5. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2016.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrijkotte TG, Hrudey EJ, Twickler MB. Early maternal thyroid function during gestation is associated with fetal growth, particularly in male newborns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(3):1059–66. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-3452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su P-Y, Huang K, Hao J-H, Xu Y-Q, Yan S-Q, Li T, Xu Y-H, Tao F-B. Maternal thyroid function in the first twenty weeks of pregnancy and subsequent fetal and infant development: a prospective population-based cohort study in China. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(10):3234–41. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• León G, Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Álvarez-Pedrerol M, Castilla AM, Basterrechea M, Iñiguez C, Fernández-Somoano A, Blarduni E, Foradada CM, et al. Maternal thyroid dysfunction during gestation, preterm delivery, and birthweight. The Infancia y Medio Ambiente Cohort, Spain. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2015;29(2):113–22. doi:10.1111/ppe.12172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey BM, Dashe JS, Spong CY, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ, Cunningham GF. Perinatal significance of isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia identified in the first half of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(5):1129–35. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000262054.03531.24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazer S, Moreh-Waterman Y, Miller-Lotan R, Tamir A, Hochberg Z. Maternal hypothyroidism may affect fetal growth and neonatal thyroid function. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(2):232–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters RP, van Toor H, Klootwijk W, de Rijke YB, Kuiper GGJM, Uitterlinden AG, Visser TJ. Polymorphisms in thyroid hormone pathway genes are associated with plasma TSH and iodothyronine levels in healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(6):2880–8. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forhead AJ, Fowden AL. Thyroid hormones in fetal growth and prepartum maturation. J Endocrinol. 2014;221(3):R87–103. doi:10.1530/JOE-14-0025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anselmo J, Cao D, Karrison T, Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Fetal loss associated with excess thyroid hormone exposure. JAMA. 2004;292(6):691–5. doi:10.1001/jama.292.6.691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roos A, Bakker SJ, Links TP, Gans RO, Wolffenbuttel BH. Thyroid function is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(2):491–6. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalamanchi S, Cooper DS. Thyroid disorders in pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2015;27(6):406–15. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahendhar R, Shahbaz A, Riaz M, Aninyei M, Reich DM, Sachmechi I. Effect of Albumin Polymorphism on Thyroid Hormones: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus. 2018;10(7):e2903. doi:10.7759/cureus.2903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarthy V, Ejaz S. Thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Johansen-Bibby A, Girling J. Thyroid disorders and other endocrine disorders in pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2016;26(5):140–8. doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2016.02.002.
   Google Scholar
• Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, Negro R, Nixon A, Pearce EN, Soldin OP, Sullivan S, et al. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid. 2011;21(10):1081–125. doi:10.1089/thy.2011.0087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleary-Goldman J, Malone FD, Lambert-Messerlian G, Sullivan L, Canick J, Porter TF, Luthy D, Gross S, Bianchi DW, D’Alton ME, et al. Maternal thyroid hypofunction and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(1):85–92. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181788dd7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma L, Qi H, Chai X, Jiang F, Mao S, Liu J, Zhang S, Lian X, Sun X, Wang D, et al. The effects of screening and intervention of subclinical hypothyroidism on pregnancy outcomes: a prospective multicenter single-blind, randomized, controlled study of thyroid function screening test during pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(9):1391–4. doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1049150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazarpour S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Simbar M, Azizi F. Thyroid dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes. Iran J Reprod Med. 2015;13(7):387–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korevaar TIM, The Consortium on Thyroid and Pregnancy—Study Group on Preterm Birth, Derakhshan A, Taylor PN, Meima M, Chen L, Bliddal S, Carty DM, Meems M, Vaidya B, et al. Association of thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity with preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2019;322(7):632–41. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parija SC, Raviprakash V, Telang AG, Varshney VP, Mishra SK. Influence of hypothyroid state on 45Ca(2+) influx and sensitivity of rat uterus to nifedipine and diltiazem. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;421(3):207–13. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01023-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenser TV, Robinson AG, Seif SM, Davis BB. Impaired inner medullary production of prostaglandin E2 in the kidney of the myxedematous rat. Endocrinology. 1978;102(3):884–8. doi:10.1210/endo-102-3-884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnini D, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Curcio F. Thyrotropin stimulates production of procoagulant and vasodilative factors in human aortic endothelial cells. Thyroid. 2003;13(6):517–21. doi:10.1089/105072503322238764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milionis HJ, Tambaki AP, Kanioglou CN, Elisaf MS, Tselepis AD, Tsatsoulis A. Thyroid substitution therapy induces high-density lipoprotein-associated platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a potential antiatherogenic effect. Thyroid. 2005;15(5):455–60. doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmehdawi R, Lashika E. Can prolonged pregnancy complicate hypothyroidism? Libyan J Med. 2007;2(4):166–7. doi:10.3402/ljm.v2i4.4725.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar