SaveDisney.com and Activist Challenges: A Habermasian Perspective on Corporate Legitimacy

REFERENCES

• Allen , M. W. and Caillouet , R. H. 1994 . Legitimation endeavors: Impression management strategies used by an organization in crisis . Communication Monographs , 61 : 44 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botan , C. H. and Taylor , M. 2004 . Public relations: The state of the field . Journal of Communication , 54 : 645 – 661 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd , J. 2000 . Actional legitimation: No crisis necessary . Journal of Public Relations Research , 12 : 341 – 353 .
   Google Scholar
• Boulding , K. E. 1978 . “ The legitimacy of the business institution ” . In Rationality, legitimacy, responsibility: Search for new directions in business and society , Edited by: Epstein , E. M. and Votaw , D. 83 – 97 . Santa Monica, CA : Goodyear .
   Google Scholar
• Bullert , B. J. 2000 . Progressive public relations, sweatshops, and the net . Political Communication , 17 : 403 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chay-Nemeth , C. 2001 . Revising public: A critical archaeology of publics in the Thai HIV/AIDS Issue . Journal of Public Relations Research , 13 : 127 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Cheney , G. and McMillan , J. J. 1990 . Organizational rhetoric and the practice of criticism . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 18 : 93 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Coombs , W. T. 1992 . The failure of the task force on food assistance: A case study of the role of legitimacy in issue management . Journal of Public Relations Research , 4 : 101 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Deephouse , J. L. 1996 . Does isomorphism legitimate? . Academy of Management Journal , 39 : 1024 – 1039 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowling , J. and Pfeffer , J. 1975 . Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational behavior . Pacific Sociological Review , 18 ( 1 ) : 122 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Dozier , D. M. and Lauzen , M. M. 2000 . Liberating the intellectual domain from practice: Public relations, activism, and the role of the scholar . Journal of Public Relations Research , 12 : 3 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Epstein , E. M. and Votaw , D. , eds. 1978 . Rationality, legitimacy, responsibility: Search for new directions in business and society , Santa Monica, CA : Goodyear .
   Google Scholar
• Feldner , S. L. and Meisenbach , R. J. 2007 . “ Saving Disney: Finding a voice for (counter)publics through the Internet ” . In New Media and Public Relations , Edited by: Duhé , S. C. 189 – 201 . New York : Peter Lang Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Francesconi , R. A. 1982 . James Hunt, the Wilmington 10, and institutional legitimacy . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 68 : 47 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldzwig , S. M. and Sullivan , P. A. 1995 . Post-assassination newspaper editorial eulogies: Analysis and assessment . Western Journal of Communication , 59 : 126 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunig , L. A. , Grunig , J. E. and Dozier , D. M. 2002 . Excellent public relations and effective organizations , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Grunig , J. E. and Hunt , T. 1984 . Managing public relations , New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Guiniven , J. E. 2002 . Dealing with activism in Canada: An ideal cultural fit for the two-way symmetrical public relations model . Public Relations Review , 28 : 393 – 402 .
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1984 . Theory of communicative: Volume 1: Reason and the rationalization of society , Boston : Beacon Press . (T. McCarthy, Trans.)
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1987 . The theory of communicative action: Volume II: Lifeworld and system , Boston : Beacon Press . (T. McCarthy, Trans.)
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1990 . Moral consciousness and communicative action , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , R. P. 1997 . Modern rhetorical criticism , 2nd , Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Hearit , K. M. 1995 . Mistakes were made: Organizations, apologia, and crises of social legitimacy . Communication Studies , 46 : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Hearit , K. M. 1999 . Newsgroups, activist publics, and corporate apologia: The case of Intel and its Pentium chip . Public Relations Review , 25 : 291 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holloway , R. and Stokes , A. Documentary as an activist medium: The Wal-Mart movie . National Communication Association Convention . San Antonio, TX. Paper presented at the ,
   Google Scholar
• Hoover's (2007, July 24). The Walt Disney Company. Hoover's Company Records - In-Depth Records. Retrieved July 27, 2007, from LexisNexis Academic database.
   Google Scholar
• Kent , M. L. and Taylor , M. 2002 . Toward a dialogic theory of public relations . Public Relations Review , 28 : 21 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs , R. 2001 . Relationship building as integral to British activism: Its impact on accountability in broadcasting . Public Relations Review , 27 : 421 – 436 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeper , R. V. 1996 . Moral objectivity, Jurgen Habermas's discourse ethics, and public relations . Public Relations Review , 22 : 133 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitch , S. and Neilson , D. 2001 . “ Bringing publics into public relations: New theoretical perspectives for practice ” . In Handbook of public relations , Edited by: Heath , R. L. 127 – 138 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Leitchy , G. and Warner , E. 2001 . “ Cultural topoi: Implications for public relations ” . In Handbook of public relations , Edited by: Heath , R. L. 61 – 74 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Meisenbach , R. J. 2006a . Habermas' discourse ethics and principle of universalization as moral framework for organizational communication . Management Communication Quarterly , 20 : 39 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Meisenbach , R. J. 2006b . “ The National College Registration Board: A case study in ethics and legitimacy ” . In Case studies in organizations: Ethical perspectives and practices , Edited by: May , S. K. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Meisenbach , R. J. and McMillan , J. J. 2006 . “ Blurring the boundaries: Historical developments and future directions in organizational rhetoric ” . In Communication yearbook 30 , Edited by: Beck , C. 99 – 104 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Metzler , M. S. 2001 . “ The centrality of organizational legitimacy to public relations practice ” . In Handbook of public relations , Edited by: Heath , R. L. 321 – 334 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. and Scott , W. R. 1983 . “ Centralization and the legitimacy problems of the local government ” . In Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality , Edited by: Meyer , J. W. and Scott , W. R. 199 – 215 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, G. J. (2005, March 13). Statement made by Senator George J. Mitchell. http://corporate.disney.go.com/news/corporate/2005/2005_0313_stmt_gmitchell.html (Accessed: 25 September 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Mumby , D. 1988 . Communication and power in organizations: Discourse, ideology, and domination , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , J. and Allen , M. W. 1997 . Accounting for your actions: How stakeholders respond to the strategic communication of environmental activist organizations . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 25 : 293 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , M. F. and Ferguson , D. F. 2001 . “ Activism ” . In Handbook of public relations , Edited by: Heath , R.L. 291 – 300 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Suchman , M. 1995 . Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches . Academy of Management Review , 20 : 571 – 610 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , M. , Vasquez , G. M. and Doorley , J. 2003 . Merck and AIDS activists: Engagement as a framework for extending issues management . Public Relations Review , 29 : 257 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walt Disney Company (2004, February 6). Letter to Disney shareholders from the board of directors, The Walt Disney Company http://corporate.disney.go.com/files/2004_0206_shareholder1.pdf (Accessed: 20 October 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Walt Disney Company (2001). 2001 Annual Report. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/annual_reports/2001/index.html (Accessed: 25 July 2007 ).
   Google Scholar
• Walt Disney Company (2006a). 2006 Annual Report. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/annual_reports/2006/index.html (Accessed: 25 July 2007 ).
   Google Scholar
• Walt Disney Company (2006b). Form 10-K September 30, 2006. Retrieved July 25 2007, from Thomson ONE Banker database.
   Google Scholar