4,909
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Conformity to implicit social pressure: the role of political identity

&
Pages 177-184 | Received 17 Mar 2016, Accepted 18 Jul 2016, Published online: 08 Aug 2016

References

  • Abramowitz, A. I., & Saunders, K. L. (2006). Exploring the bases of partisanship in the American electorate: Social identity vs. ideology. Political Research Quarterly, 59, 175–187.
  • Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology Letters, 2, 412–414.10.1098/rsbl.2006.0509
  • Burnham, T. C. (2003). Engineering altruism: A theoretical and experimental investigation of anonymity and gift giving. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 50, 133–144.
  • Burnham, T. C., & Hare, B. (2007). Engineering human cooperation: Does involuntary neural activation increase public good contributions? Human Nature, 18, 88–108.
  • Carbon, C. C., & Hesslinger, V. M. (2011). Bateson et al.’s (2006) cues-of-being-watched paradigm revisited. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 70, 203–210.10.1024/1421-0185/a000058
  • Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The secret lives of liberals and conservatives: Personality profiles, interaction styles, and the things they leave behind. Political Psychology, 29, 807–840.10.1111/pops.2008.29.issue-6
  • Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psycholology, 55, 591–621.
  • Congressional Cooperative Election Study CCES. (2008). Cambridge, MA; Harvard University. Retrieved from http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/cces/home
  • Davenport, T. C., Gerber, A. S., Green, D. P., Larimer, C. W., Mann, C. B., & Panagopoulos, C. (2010). The enduring effects of social pressure: Tracking campaign experiments over a series of elections. Political Behavior, 32, 423–430.10.1007/s11109-010-9122-0
  • Ekström, M. (2012). Do watching eyes affect charitable giving? Evidence from a field experiment. Experimental Economics, 15, 530–546.10.1007/s10683-011-9312-6
  • Ernest-Jones, M., Nettle, D., & Bateson, M. (2011). Effects of eye images on everyday cooperative behavior: A field experiment. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 172–178.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.10.006
  • Fehr, E., & Fischbacher, U. (2004). Social norms and human cooperation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 185–190.10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.007
  • Fehr, E., & Gächter, S. (2002). Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature, 415, 137–140.10.1038/415137a
  • Fehr, E., & Schneider, F. (2010). Eyes are on us, but nobody cares: Are eye cues relevant for strong reciprocity? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 277, 1315–1323.10.1098/rspb.2009.1900
  • Fernandes, D., & Mandel, N. (2014). Political conservatism and variety-seeking. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24, 79–86.10.1016/j.jcps.2013.05.003
  • Gerber, A. S., Green, D. P., & Larimer, C. W. (2008). Social pressure and voter turnout: Evidence from a large-scale field experiment. American Political Science Review, 102, 33–48.
  • Gerber, A. S., Huber, G. A., Doherty, D., & Dowling, C. M. (2011). The big five personality traits in the political arena. Annual Review of Political Science, 14, 265–287.10.1146/annurev-polisci-051010-111659
  • Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M. (2005). Nobody’s watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 245–256.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002
  • Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, M. I. (2002). Human neural systems for face recognition and social communication. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 59–67.10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01330-0
  • Hibbing, J. R., Smith, K. B., & Alford, J. R. (2013). Predisposed: Liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Jacobson, G., & Carson, J. (2015). The Politics of Congressional Elections. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339–375.10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.339
  • Jost, J. T., Nosek, B. A., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Ideology: Its resurgence in social, personality, and political psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 126–136.10.1111/ppsc.2008.3.issue-2
  • Keller, J., & Pfattheicher, S. (2011). Vigilant self-regulation, cues of being watched and cooperativeness. European Journal of Personality, 25, 363–372.10.1002/per.v25.5
  • Manesi, Z., van Lange, P., & Pollet, T. (2016). Eyes wide open: Only eyes that pay attention promote prosocial behavior. Evolutionary Psychology, 14, 1–15.
  • Matland, R. E., & Murray, G. R. (2015). I only have eyes for you: Does implicit social pressure increase voter turnout? Political Psychology, 37, 533–550. doi:10.1111/pops.12275
  • Mifune, N., Hashimoto, H., & Yamagishi, T. (2010). Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 109–117.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.09.004
  • Nettle, D., Nott, K., & Bateson, M. (2012). ‘Cycle thieves, we are watching you’: Impact of a simple signage intervention against bicycle theft. PLoS ONE, 7, e51738.10.1371/journal.pone.0051738
  • Northover, S. B., Pedersen, W. C., Cohen, A. B., & Andrews, P. W. (in press). Artificial surveillance cues do not increase generosity: Two meta-analyses. Evolution and Human Behavior. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.07.001
  • Nummenmaa, L., & Calder, A. J. (2009). Neural mechanisms of social attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 135–143.10.1016/j.tics.2008.12.006
  • Oda, R., Niwa, Y., Honma, A., & Hiraishi, K. (2011). An eye-like painting enhances the expectation of a good reputation. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 166–171.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.11.002
  • Panagopoulos, C. (2010). Affect, social pressure and prosocial motivation: Field experimental evidence of the mobilizing effects of pride, shame and publicizing voting behavior. Political Behavior, 32, 369–386.10.1007/s11109-010-9114-0
  • Panagopoulos, C. (2013). Positive social pressure and prosocial motivation: Evidence from a large-scale field experiment on voter nobilization. Political Psychology, 34, 265–275.10.1111/pops.2013.34.issue-2
  • Panagopoulos, C. (2014a). I’ve got my eyes on you: Implicit social-pressure cues and prosocial behavior. Political Psychology, 35, 23–33.10.1111/pops.12074
  • Panagopoulos, C. (2014b). Watchful eyes: Implicit observability cues and voting. Evolution and Human Behavior, 35, 279–284.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.02.008
  • Panagopoulos, C. (2015). A closer look at eyespot effects on voter turnout: Reply to Matland and Murray. Political Psychology, 37, 551–557. doi:10.1111/pops.12281
  • Panagopoulos, C., Larimer, C. W., & Condon, M. (2014). Social Pressure, descriptive norms, and voter mobilization. Political Behavior, 36, 451–469.10.1007/s11109-013-9234-4
  • Powell, K. L., Roberts, G., & Nettle, D. (2012). Eye images increase charitable donations: Evidence from an opportunistic field experiment in a supermarket. Ethology, 118, 1096–1101.10.1111/eth.2012.118.issue-11
  • Prentice, D. A., & Miller, D. T. (1992). When small effects are impressive. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 160–164.
  • Richerson, P., Baldini, R., Bell, A., Demps, K., Frost, K., Hillis, V., ... Ross, C. (2014). Cultural group selection plays an essential role in explaining human cooperation: A sketch of the evidence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1–71.10.1017/S0140525X1400106X
  • Rigdon, M., Ishii, K., Watabe, M., & Kitayama, S. (2009). Minimal social cues in the dictator game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30, 358–367.10.1016/j.joep.2009.02.002
  • Sears, D. O. (1986). College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology’s view of human nature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 515–530.10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.515
  • Skitka, L. J., & Tetlock, P. E. (1993). Providing public assistance: Cognitive and motivational processes underlying liberal and conservative policy preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1205–1223.10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1205
  • Sparks, A., & Barclay, P. (2013). Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: The limited effect of a false cue. Evolution and Human Behavior, 34, 317–322.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.05.001
  • Tane, K., & Takezawa, M. (2011). Perception of human face does not induce cooperation in darkness. Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science, 2, 24–27.
  • van der Linden, S. L., Leiserowitz, A. A., Feinberg, G. D., & Maibach, E. W. (2014). How to communicate the scientific consensus on climate change: Plain facts, pie charts or metaphors? Climatic Change, 126, 255–262.10.1007/s10584-014-1190-4
  • van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A. A., Feinberg, G. D., & Maibach, E. W. (2015). The scientific consensus on climate change as a gateway belief: Experimental evidence. PLOS ONE, 10, e0118489.10.1371/journal.pone.0118489
  • van Rompay, T. J., Vonk, D. J., & Fransen, M. L. (2009). The eye of the camera: Effects of security cameras on prosocial behavior. Environment and Behavior, 41, 60–67.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.