Collective self-fulfilling prophecies: group identification biases perceptions of environmental group norms among high identifiers

References

• Abrams, D., Marques, J. M., Bown, N., & Henson, M. (2000). Pro-norm and anti-norm deviance within and between groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 906–912.10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrams, D., Wetherell, M., Cochrane, S., Hogg, M. A., & Turner, J. C. (1990). Knowing what to think by knowing who you are: Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarization*. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 97–119.10.1111/bjso.1990.29.issue-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamberg, S., & Schmidt, P. (2003). Incentives, morality, or habit?: Predicting students’ car use for university routes with the models of Ajzen, Schwartz, and Triandis. Environment & Behavior, 35, 264–285. doi:10.1177/0013916502250134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BMU – Bundesministerium für Umwelt und Naturschutz [Federal Environment Ministry]. (2010). Umweltbewusstsein in Deutschland 2010: Ergebnisse einer representativen Bevoelkerungsumfrage [Environmental concern in Germany 2010: Results of a representative survey]. Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• BMU – Bundesministerium für Umwelt und Naturschutz [Federal Environment Ministry]. (2012). Umweltbewusstsein in Deutschland 2012: Ergebnisse einer representativen Bevoelkerungsumfrage [Environmental concern in Germany 2012: Results of a representative survey]. Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Castano, E., Paladino, M. P., Coull, A., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2002). Protecting the ingroup stereotype: Ingroup identification and the management of deviant ingroup members. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 365–385. doi:10.1348/014466602760344269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1015–1026. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cialdini, R. B., & Trost, M. R. (1998). Social influence: Social norms, conformity and compliance. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & L. Gardner (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (pp. 151–192). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Correll, J., & Park, B. (2005). A model of the ingroup as a social resource. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 341–359. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0904_4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (2002). Self and social identity*. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 161–186. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellemers, N., van Rijswijk, W., Roefs, M., & Simons, C. (1997). Bias in intergroup perceptions: Balancing group identity with social reality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 186–198. doi:10.1177/0146167297232007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson, M. A., Branscombe, N. R., & Reynolds, K. J. (2011). The effect of intergroup comparison on willingness to perform sustainable behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31, 275–281. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferring, D., & Filipp, S. H. (1996). Messung des Selbstwertgefühls: Befunde zu Reliabilität, Validität und Stabilität der Rosenberg-Skala [Measuring self-esteem: Evidence for the reliability, validity and stability of the Rosenberg-scale]. Diagnostica, 42, 284–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielding, K. S., Terry, D. J., Masser, B. M., & Hogg, M. A. (2008). Integrating social identity theory and the theory of planned behaviour to explain decisions to engage in sustainable agricultural practices. British Journal of Social Psychology, 47, 23–48. doi:10.1348/014466607X206792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiske, S. T. (1993). Social cognition and social perception. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 155–194. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.001103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsche, I., Jonas, E., Kayser, D. N., & Koranyi, N. (2010). Existential threat and compliance with pro-environmental norms. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 67–79.10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.08.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harland, P., Staats, H., & Wilke, Henk. A. M. (1999). Explaining proenvironmental intention and behavior by personal norms and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 2505–2528. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00123.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, Y., & Gifford, R. (2002). Extending the theory of planned behavior: Predicting the use of public transportation1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 2154–2189. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02068.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2005). The social identity perspective. In S. A. Wheelan (Ed.), The handbook of group research and practice (pp. 133–159). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2010). Influence and leadership. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (pp. 1166–1206). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., & Turner, J. C. (1987). Intergroup behaviour, self-stereotyping and the salience of social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 325–340. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00795.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, P., & Abrams, D. (2003). Ingroup identification moderates stereotype change in reaction to ingroup deviance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 497–506. doi:10.1002/ejsp.157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, P., Abrams, D., & De Moura, G. R. (2013). Corralling the ingroup: Deviant derogation and perception of group variability. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153, 334–350. doi:10.1037/t17758-000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, P., Abrams, D., Gutierrez, R., & Viki, G. T. (2008). Getting rid of the bad ones: The relationship between group identification, deviant derogation, and identity maintenance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 874–881. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2007.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser, F. G., & Gutscher, H. (2003). The proposition of a general version of the theory of planned behavior: Predicting ecological behavior1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 586–603. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01914.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., … Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 144–165. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masson, T., & Fritsche, I. (2014). Adherence to climate change-related in group norms: Do dimensions of group identification matter? European Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 455–465. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, R. I., Fielding, K. S., & Louis, W. R. (2013). Energizing and de-motivating effects of norm-conflict. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 57–72. doi:10.1177/0146167212464234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigbur, D., Lyons, E., & Uzzell, D. (2010). Attitudes, norms, identity and environmental behaviour: Using an expanded theory of planned behaviour to predict participation in a kerbside recycling programme. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 259–284. doi:10.1348/014466609X449395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolan, J. M., Schultz, P. W., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., & Griskevicius, V. (2008). Normative social influence is underdetected. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 913–923. doi:10.1177/0146167208316691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinovich, A., Morton, T. A., Postmes, T., & Verplanken, B. (2012). Collective self and individual choice: The effects of inter-group comparative context on environmental values and behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51, 551–569. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02022.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reicher, S. D., Spears, R., & Haslam, S. A. (2010). The social identity approach in social psychology. In M. S. Wetherell & C. T. Mohanty (Eds.), The Sage handbook of identities (pp. 45–62). London: Sage.10.4135/9781446200889
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, P. W., Nolan, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., & Griskevicius, V. (2007). The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychological Science, 18, 429–434. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01917.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. H., & Howard, J. A. (1981). A normative decision making model of altruism. In J. P. Rushton & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior: Social, personality, and developmental perspectives (pp. 189–211). Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. R., Louis, W. R., Terry, D. J., Greenaway, K. H., Clarke, M. R., & Cheng, X. (2012). Congruent or conflicted? The impact of injunctive and descriptive norms on environmental intentions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32, 353–361. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagno, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 6, 81–97.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–48). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Terry, D. J., Hogg, M. A., & White, K. M. (1999). The theory of planned behaviour: Self-identity, social identity and group norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 225–244. doi:10.1348/014466699164149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, J. C. (1991). Social influence. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publ.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, J. C. (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization theories. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 6–34). Oxford/Malden: Blackwell Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• White, K. M., Smith, J. R., Terry, D. J., Greenslade, J. H., & McKimmie, B. M. (2009). Social influence in the theory of planned behaviour: The role of descriptive, injunctive, and in-group norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48, 135–158. doi:10.1348/014466608X295207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimmer, M., & Doherty, M. (2011). The development of ambiguous figure perception: Vi. conception and perception of ambiguous figures. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 76, 87–104. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2011.00595.x
   Google Scholar