3,323
Views
52
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Research Knowledge and Needs for Orchard Floor Management in Organic Tree Fruit Systems

&
Pages 257-281 | Published online: 28 Sep 2009

LITERATURE CITED

  • Brown , M.W. and Tworkoski , T. 2004 . Pest management benefits of compost mulch in apple orchards . Agr. Ecosystems Environ. , 103 : 465 – 472 .
  • Brown , M.W. and Schmitt , J.J. 1996 . Impact of ground cover plants on beneficial arthropods in an apple orchard in West Virginia, USA . IOBC-WPRS Bul. , 19 : 332 – 333 .
  • Caprile , J. , Klonsky , K. , Mills , N. , McDougall , S. , Micke , W. and Van Steenwyk , B. 1994 . Insect damage limits yield, profits of organic apples . California Agr. , 48 : 20 – 28 .
  • Daane , K.M. , Johnson , R.S. , Michailides , T.J. and Cisoto , C.H. 1995 . Excess N raises nectarine susceptibility to diseases and insects . California Agr. , 49 : 13 – 18 .
  • Faust , M. 1989 . Physiology of temperate zone fruit trees , New York : John Wiley and Sons .
  • Fernández , D. , Cichon , L.I. , Sanchez , E.E. , Garrido , S.A. and Gittins , C. 2008 . Effect of different cover crops on the presence of arthropods in an organic apple (Malus domestica Borkh) orchard . J. Sustainable Agr. , 32 : 197 – 211 .
  • Ferree , D.C. and Schupp , J.R. 2003 . “ Pruning and training physiology ” . In Apples: botany, production, and uses , Edited by: Ferree , D.C. and Warrington , I.J. 319 – 344 . Cambridge : CABI Publ .
  • Forge , T.A. , Hogue , E. , Neilsen , G. and Neilsen , D. 2003 . Effects of organic mulches on soil microfauna in the root zone of apple: implications for nutrient fluxes and functional diversity of the soil food web . Appl. Soil Ecol. , 22 : 39 – 54 .
  • Forshey , C.G. 1988 . An overview of orchard cover crop management . Proc. Wash. State Hort. Soc. 82nd Annu. Mtg. , 75 : 125 – 128 .
  • Goh , K.M. and Ridgen , G.E. 1995 . Understory biomass production and biological nitrogen fixation in an organic apple orchard in Canterbury, New Zealand. Commun . Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 26 : 3261 – 3273 .
  • Granatstein, D. 2003. Organic tree fruit research needs for Washington State. Center for Sustaining Agr. and Natural Resources. Washington State Univ., Wenatchee, WA. http://organic.tfrec.wsu.edu/OrganicIFP/OrganicFruitProduction/Organic%20TF%20Research%20Summary%20Sept03.pdf (Accessed: 26 March 2009 ).
  • Granatstein , D. and Mullinix , K. 2008 . Mulching options for Northwest organic and conventional orchards . HortScience , 43 : 45 – 50 .
  • Granatstein , D. , Kirby , E. and Willer , H. 2009a . Current world status of organic temperate fruits , Acta Hort . (in press)
  • Granatstein , D. , Wiman , M. , Kirby , E. and Mullinix , K. 2009b . Sustainability trade-offs in organic orchard floor management , Acta Hort . (in press)
  • Granatstein, D., E. Kirby, and L. VanWechel. 2003. Availability of mulch material for orchards in central Washington—2002. Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources. Washington State University, Wenatchee. http://organic.tfrec.wsu.edu/OrganicIFP/OrchardFloorManagement/Availability%20of%20 Mulch.pdf (Accessed: 25 February 2009 ).
  • Gur , A. , Bravado , B. and Mizrahi , Y. 1972 . Physiological responses of apple trees to supraoptimal root temperatures . Physiol. Plant. , 27 : 130 – 138 .
  • Haley , S. and Hogue , E.J. 1990 . Ground cover influence on apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer (Homoptera: Aphididae), and its predators in a young apple orchard . Crop Protection , 9 : 225 – 230 .
  • Haumann , B. 2008 . “ Organic farming in the United States ” . In The world of organic agriculture: statistics and emerging trends 2008 , Edited by: Willer , H. , Yussefi-Menzler , M. and Sorensen , N. 192 – 200 . London : Earthscan .
  • Hoagland , L. , Carpenter-Boggs , L. , Granatstein , D. , Mazzola , M. , Smith , J. , Peryea , F. and Reganold , J.P. 2008 . Orchard floor management effects on nitrogen fertility and soil biological activity in a newly established organic apple orchard . Biol. Fert. Soils , 45 : 11 – 18 .
  • Hogue , E.J. and Neilsen , G.H. 1987 . Orchard floor vegetation management . Hort. Rev. , 9 : 377 – 430 .
  • Horton , D.R. , Broers , D.A. , Lewis , R.R. , Granatstein , D. , Zack , R.S. , Unruh , T.R. , Moldenke , A.R. and Brown , J.J. 2003 . Effects of mowing frequency on densities of natural enemies in three Pacific Northwest pear orchards . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. , 106 : 135 – 145 .
  • Lacey , L.A. , Granatstein , D. , Arthurs , S.P. , Headrick , H. and Fritts , R. Jr. 2006 . Use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) in conjunction with mulches for control of overwintering codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) . J. Entomol. Sci. , 41 : 107 – 119 .
  • Liang , W. and Huang , M. 1994 . Influence of citrus orchard ground cover plants on arthropod communities in China: a review . Agr. Ecosystems Environ. , 50 : 29 – 37 .
  • Makus , D. 2007 . Use of fabric and plastic barriers to control weeds in blackberries . J. Subtropical Plant Sci. , 59 : 95 – 103 .
  • Marsh , K.B. , Daly , M.J. and McCarthy , T.P. 1996 . The effect of understory management on soil fertility, tree nutrition, fruit production and apple fruit quality . Biol. Agr. Hort. , 13 : 161 – 173 .
  • Mazzola , M. , Granatstein , D.M. , Elfving , D.C. , Mullinix , K. and Gu , Y.-H. 2002 . Cultural management of microbial community structure to enhance growth of apple in replant soils . Phytopathology , 92 : 1363 – 1366 .
  • McGourty, G. 2009. Orchard floor management to optimize pear fruit finish. SAREP, Univ. Calif. Davis, CA. http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ccres/28.HTM (Accessed: 30 March 2009 ).
  • Merwin , I.A. 2003 . “ Orchard-floor management systems ” . In Apples: botany, production, and uses , Edited by: Ferree , D.C. and Warrington , I.J. 303 – 318 . Cambridge : CABI Publ .
  • Merwin , I.A. and Ray , J.A. 1997 . Spatial and temporal factors in weed interference with newly planted apple trees . Hortscience , 32 : 633 – 637 .
  • Merwin , I.A. , Ray , J.A. , Steenhuis , T.S. and Boll , J. 1996 . Groundcover management systems influence fungicide and nitrate-N concentrations in leachate and runoff from a New York apple orchard . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 121 : 249 – 257 .
  • Merwin , I.A. and Stiles , W.C. 1994 . Orchard groundcover management impacts on apple tree growth and yield, and nutrient availability and uptake . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 119 : 209 – 215 .
  • Merwin , I.A. , Stiles , W.C. and van Es , H.M. 1994 . Orchard groundcover management impacts on soil physical properties . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 119 : 216 – 222 .
  • Meyer , J.R , Zehr , E.I. , Meagher , R.L. Jr. and Salvo , S.K. 1992 . Survival and growth of peach trees and pest populations in orchard plots managed with experimental ground covers . Agr. Ecosystems Environ. , 41 : 353 – 363 .
  • Neilsen , G.H. and Neilsen , D. 2003 . “ Nutritional requirements of apple ” . In Apples: botany, production, and uses , Edited by: Ferree , D.C. and Warrington , I.J. 267 – 302 . Cambridge : CABI Publ .
  • Neilsen , G.H. , Hogue , E.J. , Forge , T. and Neilsen , D. 2003a . Mulches and biosolids affect vigor, yield and leaf nutrition of fertigated high density apple . HortScience , 38 : 41 – 45 .
  • Neilsen , G.H. , Hogue , E.J. , Forge , T. and Neilsen , D. 2003b . Surface application of mulches and biosolids affect orchard soil properties after 7 years . Can. J. Soil Sci. , 83 : 131 – 137 .
  • Neilsen , G.H. , Hogue , E.J. and Drought , B.G. 1986 . The effect of orchard soil management on soil temperature and apple tree nutrition . Can. J. Soil Sci. , 66 : 701 – 711 .
  • Neilsen , G.H. , Meheriuk , M. and Hogue , E.J. 1984 . The effect of orchard floor management and nitrogen fertilization on nutrient uptake and fruit quality of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees . HortScience , 19 : 547 – 550 .
  • OTA. 2008. Executive Summary, Organic Trade Association's 2007 Manufacturer Survey (conducted by Packaged Facts). Organic Trade Association, Greenfield, MA, USA. http://www.ota.com/pics/documents/2007ExecutiveSummary.pdf (Accessed: 26 March 2009 ).
  • Ovalle , C. , Pino , I. , del Pozo , A. and Urquiaga , S. 2007 . Contribution and transfer of nitrogen from cover crops to raspberry plant using isotopic techniques with 15N . Acta Hort. , 777 : 465 – 472 .
  • Pfannenstiel , R.S. and Unruh , T.R. . Conservation of leafroller parasitoids through provision of alternate hosts in near-orchard habitats . Proc. 1st Intl. Symp. on Biological Control of Arthropods . 14–18 January 2002 , Honolulu, Hawaii. pp. 256 – 262 .
  • Praat , J.P. 2002 . Putting the heat on weeds . The Orchardist, August 2002, 75:54–59. ,
  • Proebsting , E.L Jr. 1958 . Yield, growth, and date of maturity of Elberta peaches as influenced by soil management system . Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 72 : 92 – 101 .
  • Reich , L. 1985 . Effect of a grass on growth and mycorrhization of potted apple trees . HortScience , 20 : 265 – 267 .
  • Rifai , N. , Lacko-Bartosova , M. and Somr , R. 1999 . Weed control by flaming and hot steam in apple orchards . Plant Protection Sci. , 35 : 147 – 152 .
  • Sahota , A. 2008 . “ The global market for organic food and drink ” . In The world of organic agriculture: statistics and emerging trends 2008 , Edited by: Willer , H. , Yussefi-Menzler , M. and Sorensen , N. 53 – 57 . London : Earthscan .
  • Sánchez , E.E. , Giayetto , A. , Cichon , L. , Fernández , D. , Aruani , M.C. and Curetti , M. 2006 . Cover crops influence soil properties and tree performance in an organic apple (Malus domestica Borkh) orchard in northern Patagonia . Plant Soil , 292 : 193 – 203 .
  • Sánchez , E.E. , Khemira , H. , Sugar , D. and Righetti , T.L. 1995 . “ Nitrogen management in orchards ” . In Nitrogen fertilization in the environment , Edited by: Bacon , P. 327 – 380 . New York, , USA : Marcel Dekker .
  • Sánchez , E.E. , Righetti , T.L. , Sugar , D. and Lombard , P.B. 1991 . Recycling of nitrogen in field-grown ‘Comice’ pears . J. Hort. Sci. , 66 : 479 – 486 .
  • Sanchez , J.E. , Edson , C.E. , Bird , G.W. , Whalon , M.E. , Willson , T.C. , Harwood , R.R. , Kizilkaya , K. , Nugent , J.E. , Klein , W. , Middleton , A. , Loudon , T.L. , Mutch , D.R. and Scrimger , J. 2003 . Orchard floor and nitrogen management influences soil and water quality and tart cherry yields . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 128 : 277 – 284 .
  • Shribbs , J.M. and Skroch , W.A. 1986 . Influence of 12 ground cover systems on young ‘Smoothee Golden Delicious’ apple trees: I. Growth . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 111 : 525 – 528 .
  • Snyder , G.B. , Finke , D.L. and Snyder , W.E. 2008 . Predator biodiversity strengthens aphid suppression across single- and multiple-species prey communities . Biol. Cont. , 44 : 52 – 60 .
  • Stefanelli , D. , Zoppolo , R.J. , Perry , R.L. and Weibel , F. 2009 . Organic orchard floor management systems for apple effect on rootstock performance in the midwestern . United States. HortScience , 44 : 263 – 267 .
  • Tedders , W.L. 1983 . Insect management in deciduous fruit and nut orchard ecosystems: habitat manipulation . Environ. Mgt. , 7 : 29 – 34 .
  • Tomasini , N. , Yin , F. and Seavert , C. . Impacts of fabric groundcover on sweet cherry cash costs and returns . Dec. 1–3, 2007 . Poster presentation, Wash. State Hort. Assoc. Ann. Mtg , Wenatchee, WA
  • USD , A. 2000 . “ National Organic Program: Final Rule ” . In Federal Register , Vol. 65 , 80643 Washington, DC : Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA . No. 246, Dec. 21, 2000
  • Weibel , F. , Tamm , L. , Wyss , E. , Daniel , C. , äseli , A. H and Suter , F. 2007 . Organic fruit production in Europe: successes in production and marketing in the last decade, perspectives and challenges for the future development . Acta Hort. , 737 : 163 – 172 .
  • Weibel , F. and Häseli , A. 2003 . “ Organic apple production ” . In Apples: botany, production, and uses , Edited by: Ferree , D.C. and Warrington , I.J. 551 – 583 . Cambridge : CABI Publ .
  • Weinbaum , S.A. , Johnson , R.S. and DeJong , T.M. 1992 . Causes and consequences of over-fertilization in orchards . HortTechnology , 2 : 112 – 121 .
  • Wiman , M.R. , Granatstein , D.M. , Kirby , E.M. and Sullivan , T.P. 2009 . Cover crops influence meadow vole presence in organic orchards , HortTechnology 19:558–562 .
  • Wooldridge , J. and Harris , R.E. 1989 . Effect of ground covers on the performance of young apple trees and on certain topsoil characteristics . Deciduous Fruit Grower , 39 : 427 – 430 .
  • Yao , S. , Merwin , I.A. , Bird , G.W. , Abawi , G.S. and Thies , J.E. 2005 . Orchard floor management practices that maintain vegetative or biomass groundcover stimulate soil microbial activity and alter soil microbial community composition. Plant Soil , 271 : 377 – 389 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.