Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Activity and Food Application of Ficus racemosa: A Critical Review

References

• Adsul, S.R., and H. Patil. 2013. Comparative in-Vitro anthelmintic activity of the latex of Carica, Ficus racemosa and Ficus relogiosa. IJPRBS 2(2):16–23.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, F., and A. Urooj. 2009. Glucose-lowering, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activities of stem bark of Ficus racemosa in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J.Young Pharm. 1(2):160. doi: 10.4103/0975-1483.55749.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, F., and A. Urooj. 2010. Traditional uses, medicinal properties, and phytopharmacology of Ficus racemosa: A review. Pharm. Biol. 48(6):672–681. doi: 10.3109/13880200903241861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akerele O. 1993. Nature's medicinal bounty: don't throw it away. World Health Forum. 14(4):390‐395.
   Google Scholar
• Asolkar, L.V., and R.N. Chopra, 1992. Second supplement to glossary of Indian medicinal plants with active principles. Publications & Information Directorate.
   Google Scholar
• Babu, K., G.S. Sabesan, and S. Rai. 2010. Comparative pharmacognostic studies on the barks of four Ficus species. Turk. J. Bot. 34(3):215–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bheemachari, J., K. Ashok, N.H. Joshi, D.K. Suresh, and V.R.M. Gupta. 2007. Antidiarrheal evaluation of Ficus racemosa Linn.latex. Acta Pharm. Sci. 49:133–138.
   Google Scholar
• Bopage, N.S., G.K.B. Gunaherath, K.H. Jayawardena, S.C. Wijeyaratne, A.M. Abeysekera, and S. Somaratne. 2018. Dual function of active constituents from bark of Ficus racemosa L in wound healing. BMC Complement Altern Med 18(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2089-9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chopra, R.N., I.C. Chopra, K.L. Handa, and L.D. Kapur. 1958. Indigenous drugs of India. Second. Academic Publishers, Calcutta, India. p. 508–674.
   Google Scholar
• Dangol, N. 2002. Documentation of the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Kumal Community of Chitwan District, p. 99. Central Nepal. Kathmandu, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Central Nepal.
   Google Scholar
• Danie Kingsley, J., R. PrashantManikTirkey, and J. Abraham. 2014. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Ficus racemosa Linn leaves extract. Int. J. Pharm Technol. 6: 6310–6317.
   Google Scholar
• Dreosti, I.E. 2000. Antioxidant polyphenols in tea, cocoa, and wine. Nutrition 16(7):692–694. doi: 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00304-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekanayake, D.T. 1980. Indigenous system of medicine in Sri Lanka for the treatment of skeletal fracture. Sri Lanka Forest 14:145–152.
   Google Scholar
• Fawzy, G.A., H.M. Abdallah, M.S. Marzouk, F.M. Soliman, and A.A. Sleem. 2008. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of major flavonoids of Cynan chumacutum L. (Asclepiadaceae) growing in Egypt. Z. Naturforsch. C. 63(9–10):658–662. doi: 10.1515/znc-2008-9-1008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghimire, S.K., A.K. Shrestha, K.K. Shrestha, and P.K. Jha. 2000. Plant resource use and human impact around RBNP, Nepal. J. Nat. History Museum. 19:3–26.
   Google Scholar
• Goyal, P.K. 2012. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic root extract of Ficus racemosa Linn. Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res. 4(4):1765–1769.
   Google Scholar
• Harer Sunil, L., and S. HarerPriyanka. 2010. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus racemosa Linn. stem bark extract in rats and mice. J. Pharmacogn. 2(6):65-70.
   Google Scholar
• Hossain, M.S., M.A. Sayeed, and M.N. Uddin. 2014. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Ficus racemosa Linn.fruits. Int. J. Sci. Innov. Res. 3(4):446–449.
   Google Scholar
• JagtapSupriya, G., S. ShelarRohan, M. MunotNeha, R. GhanteMinal, and D. Sawant Sanjay. 2012. Antimicrobial activity of Ficus glomerata Linn bark. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 3(5):281–284.
   Google Scholar
• Jahan, I.A., N. Nahar, M. Mosihuzzaman, B. Rokeya, L. Ali, A.K. Azad Khan, T. Makhmur, and M. IqbalChoudhary. 2009. Hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activities of Ficus racemosa Linn.fruits. Nat. Prod. Res. 23(4):399–408. doi: 10.1080/14786410802230757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaykaran, B.P., Kantharia, N., Yadav, P. and Panwar, A. 2009. Acute toxicity study of an aqueous extract of Ficus racemosa Linn. bark in albino mice. The Internet Journal of Toxicology, 6(1). doi: 10.5580/1094
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, B., and S.J. Raj. 2010a. Phytopharmacological and phytochemical properties of three Ficus species-an overview. Int. J. Pharma. Bio. Sci. 1(4):246–253.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, B., and S.J. Raj. 2010b. Phytopharmacological properties of Ficus racemosa Linn-An overview. Int. J. Pharm Sci. Rev. Res. 3(2):134–138.
   Google Scholar
• Joy, P.P., J. Thomas, S. Mathew, and B.P. Skaria. 2001. Medicinal plants, p. 123–125. In: T.K. Bose, J. Kabir, P. Das, and P.P. Joy (eds.). Tropical horticulture. Naya Udyog, Calcutta, India.
   Google Scholar
• Keshari, A.K., G. Kumar, P.S. Kushwaha, M. Bhardwaj, P. Kumar, A. Rawat, D. Kumar, A. Prakash, B. Ghosh, and S. Saha. 2016. Isolated flavonoids from Ficus racemosa stem bark possess antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and protective effects in albino Wistar rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 181:252–262. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, A., V. Anand, V. Badrinarayanan, K. Thirunethiran, and P. Natarajan. 2017. In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity analysis of leaves of Ficus racemosa. Free Rad. Antiox. 7(1):8–12. doi: 10.5530/fra.2017.1.2.
   Google Scholar
• Kirtikar, K.R., and B.D. Basu. 1975. Indian medicinal plants. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India.
   Google Scholar
• Li, R.W., S.P. Myers, D.N. Leach, G.D. Lin, and G. Leach. 2003. A cross-cultural study: Anti-inflammatory activity of Australian and Chinese plants. J. Ethnopharmacol. 85(1):25–32. doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00336-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal, S.C., B.P. Saha, and M. Pal. 2000b. Studies on antibacterial activity of Ficus racemosa Linn.leaf extract. Phytother. Res. 14(4):278–280. doi: 10.1002/1099-1573(200006)14:4<278::AID-PTR592>3.0.CO;2-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal, S.C., T.K. Maity, J. Das, B.P. Saba, and M. Pal. 2000a. Anti-inflammatory evaluation of Ficus racemosa Linn.leaf extract. J. Ethnopharmacol. 72(1–2):87–92. doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00210-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur, A., G.K. Singh, S.K. Verma, S. Yousuf, A. Bhardwaj, S.K. Singh, G.B.K.S. Prasad, and V.K. Dua. 2011. Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of different parts of Ficus racemosa L. Der. Pharmacia. Sinica 2(2):270–275.
   Google Scholar
• Murti, K., and U. Kumar. 2011. Antimicrobial activity of Ficus benghalensis and Ficus racemosa roots L. Am. J. Microbiol. 2(1):21–24.
   Google Scholar
• Murti, K., and U. Kumar. 2012. Enhancement of wound healing with roots of Ficus racemosa L. in albino rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2(4):276. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60022-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paarakh, P.M. 2009. Ficus racemosa Linn.–an overview. IJNPR 8(1):84–90.
   Google Scholar
• Panwar, A., N.J. Chavda, M. Saurabh, and P. Yadav. 2010. Subacute toxicity study of an aqueous extract of Ficus racemosa Linn.bark in rats. J. Pharma. Res. 3:814–817.
   Google Scholar
• Patil, V.V., N.G. Sutar, R.B. Pimprikar, A.P. Patil, R.Y. Chaudhari, and V.R. Patil. 2010. Antihyperglycemic and Hypoglycemic Effect of Ficus racemosa Leaves. J. Nat. Remedies. 10(1):1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Paudyal, S. 2000. Ethnobotanical study of the Tharus living in Central Part of Dang, Midwest Nepal. Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, 154.
   Google Scholar
• Pelczar, M.J., Chan E.C.S. and Krieg N.R. 1993. Microbiology: Concepts and Application. MacGrawHill Inc. New York. p. 967..
   Google Scholar
• Punitha, I.S.R., A. Shirwaikar, and A. Shirwaikar. 2005. Antidiabetic activity of benzyl tetra isoquinoline alkaloid berberine in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetol.Croat. 34:117–128.
   Google Scholar
• Rai, N., S. Vyas, and P. Phadnis. 2013. To evaluate the analgesic activity of Ficus racemosa leaf extract in albino mice using Eddy’s hot plate method. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 6:19–21.
   Google Scholar
• Raju, K., and R. Balaraman. 2008. Antidiabetic mechanisms of saponins of Momordica cymbalaria. Pharmacogn. Mag. 15(4):197.
   Google Scholar
• Ramana, G., C.S. Reddya, and C.V. Raob. 2011. In-vitro and in-vivo anti-oxidant activity of Ficus racemosa Linn.fruit extract and Aeglemarmelos root and leaf extracts. Int. J. Pharm. 4(7):2078–2081.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, C.V., A.R. Verma, M. Vijayakumar, and S. Rastogi. 2008. Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 115(2):323–326. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, R.B., Anupama, K., Swaroop, K.A., Murugesan, T., Pal, M. and Mandal, S.C. 2002. Evaluation of anti-pyretic potential of Ficus racemosa bark. Phytomedicine, 9(8): 731-733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravichandiran, V., S. Nirmala, and K.N. Ahamed. 2012. Protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa in hypercholesterolemia and diabetes induced vascular tissue damage in rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 5(5):367–373. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60061-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salehi, B., A.P. Mishra, M. Nigam, B. Sener, M. Kilic, M. Sharifi-Rad, P.V.T. Fokou, N. Martins, and J. Sharifi-Rad. 2018a. Resveratrol: A double-edged sword in health benefits. Biomedicines 6(3):91. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines6030091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salehi, B., Z. Stojanović-Radić, J. Matejić, M. Sharifi-Rad, N.V.A. Kumar, N. Martins, and J. Sharifi-Rad. 2018b. The therapeutic potential of curcumin: A review of clinical trials. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 163:527–545. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaikh, T., R. Rub, K. Bhise, and R.B. Pimprikar. 2010. Antibacterial activity of Ficus racemosa Linn.leaves on Actinomyces viscosus. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2(1):41.
   Google Scholar
• Sharifi-Rad, M., B. Ozcelik, G. Altın, C. Daşkaya-Dikmen, M. Martorell, K. Ramirez-Alarcon, P. Alarcón-Zapata, M.F.B. Morais-Braga, J.N. Carneiro, A.L.A.B. Leal, et al. 2018a. Salvia spp. plants-from farm to food applications and phytopharmacotherapy. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 80:242–263. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.08.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharifi‐Rad, M., T.H. Roberts, K.R. Matthews, C.F. Bezerra, M.F.B. Morais‐Braga, H.D. Coutinho, F. Sharopov, B. Salehi, Z. Yousaf, M. Sharifi‐Rad, et al. 2018b. Ethnobotany of the genus Taraxacum—Phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity. Phytother Res 32(11):2131–2145. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, S., and V. Gupta. 2008. In vitro antioxidant studies of Ficus racemosa Linn. root. Pharmacogn. Mag. 4(13):70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, R., A. Ali, G. Jeyabalan, S. Kakar, and A. Semwal. 2013. Development of quality control parameters for the standardization of fruit of Ficus racemosa Linn. (M). J. Acute Dis 2(3):207–213. doi: 10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60128-6.
   Google Scholar
• Siwakoti, M., and S. Siwakoti. 2000. Ethnobotanical uses of plants among the Satar tribes of Nepal, p. 7–108. In: J.K. Maheswori (ed.). Ethnobotany and medicinal plants of Indian subcontinent. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.
   Google Scholar
• Sophia, D., and S. Manoharan. 2007. Hypolipidemic activities of Ficus racemosa Linn.bark in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 4(3):279–288. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v4i3.31220.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swain, L.E. and Downum, K.R. 1990. Light-activated toxins of the Moraceae. Biochem. Sys. Ecol. 18: 153-156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tariq, I., M. Sultana, A.J. Rashid, S.H. Shah, and G. Murtaza. 2013. Hypoglycemic activity of Ficus racemosa bark in combination with oral hypoglycemic drug in diabetic human. Acta Pol. Pharm. 70(6):1045–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thapa, S. 2001. Documentation of traditional uses of plants by tharu community around Royal Sukla-Phanta Wildlife Reserve, Far West Nepal. Vol. 61. Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, India.
   Google Scholar
• Tiwari, R.D. 2001. Ethno-medicinal plants of Parsa district Nepal, p. 238–244. In: P.K. Jha, S.R. Baral, S.B. Karmacharya, H.D. Lekhak, P. Lacoul, and C.B. Baniya (eds.). Environment and Agriculture: Biodiversity, agriculture and pollution in South Asia, Ecological Society of Nepal. India.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO, author 1996. Culture and Health, Orientation Texts-World Decade for Cultural Development 1988 – 1997. Paris, France. Document CLT/DEC/PRO - 1996. p.129..
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO, F. 1998. Terminal report: Promotion of ethnobotany and the sustainable use of plant resources in Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Varma, C., J. Fernandes, F. Ronald, and E. Subramanyam. 2009. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of methanolic root extract of Ficus racemosa in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Pharmacologyonline 2:656–666.
   Google Scholar
• Vihari, V. 1995. Ethnobotany of cosmetics of Indo-Nepal border. Ethnobotany 7(1/2):89–94.
   Google Scholar
• Warrier, P.K. 1996. Indian medicinal plants-a compendium of 500 species. 3rd ed. Orient Longman Press, Chennai, India.
   Google Scholar
• Yadav, R.K., B.C. Nandy, S. Maity, S. Sarkar, and S. Saha. 2015. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical trial of Ficus racemosa. Pharmacogn. Rev. 9(17):73. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.156356.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yadav, R.K.P. 1999. Proceedings of the third national conference of science and technology. p. 1421–1423. Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   Google Scholar
• Zulfiker, A.H.M., M.M. Rahman, M.K. Hossain, K. Hamid, M.E.H. Mazumder, and M.S. Rana. 2010. In vivo analgesic activity of ethanolic extracts of two medicinal plants-Scoparia dulcis L. and Ficus racemosa Linn. Biol. Med. 2(2):42–48.
   Google Scholar
• Zulfiker, A.H.M., M.R. Saha, S. Sarwar, L. Nahar, K. Hamid, and M.S. Rana. 2011. Hypoglycemic and in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of Ficus racemosa Linn. fruits. AJSIR. 2:391–400. doi: 10.5251/ajsir.2011.2.3.391.400.
   Google Scholar