A Qualitative Study of Middle Eastern/Arab American Sexual Minority Identity Development

REFERENCES

• Ajrouch, K.J. (2000). Place, age, and culture: Community living and ethnic identity among Lebanese American adolescents. Small Group Research, 31(4), 447–469. doi:10.1177/104649640003100404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balsam, K.F., Molina, Y., Beadnell, B., Simoni, J., & Walters, K. (2011). Measuring multiple minority stress: The LGBT People of Color Microaggressions Scale. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(2), 163–174. doi:10.1037/a0023244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushman, B.A., & Bonacci, M. (2004). You've got mail: Using e-mail to examine the effect of prejudiced attitudes on discrimination against Arabs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(6), 753–759. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2004.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBlaere, C., Brewster, M.E., Sarkees, A., & Moradi, B. (2010). Conducting research with LGB people of color: Methodological challenges and strategies. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(3), 331–362. doi:10.1177/0011000009335257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derous, E., & Ryan, A.M. (2009). Hiring discrimination against Arab minorities: Interactions between prejudice and job characteristics. Human Performance, 22(4), 297–320. doi:10.1080/08959280903120261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson, C.D., & Al-Timimi, N. R. (2001). Providing mental health services to Arab Americans: Recommendations and considerations. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 7(4), 308–327. doi:10.1037//1099-9809.7.4.308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esposito, J.L. (1982). Women in Muslim family law. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Garnets, L.D. (2002). Sexual orientations in perspective. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(2), 115–129. doi:10.1037//1099-9809.8.2.115
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansen, J.E., & Lambert, S.M. (2011). Grief and loss of religion: the experiences of four rural lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(2), 187–196. doi:10.1080/10894160.2011.521103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang, Y.-P., Brewster, M.E., Moradi, B., Goodman, M.B., Wiseman, M.C., & Martin, a. (2009). Content analysis of literature about LGB people of color: 1998-2007. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(3), 363–396. doi:10.1177/0011000009335255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulwicki, A., Khalifa, R., & Moore, G. (2008). The effects of September 11 on Arab American nurses in metropolitan Detroit. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19(2), 134–139. doi:10.1177/1043659607313071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McGoldrick, M., Giordano, J., & Garcia-Preto, N. (Ed.). (2005). Ethnicity and family therapy (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Merriam, S.B. (1988). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Minwalla, O., Rosser, B.R. S., Feldman, J., Varga, C., Culture, S., Mar, N., & Simon, B.R. (2005). Identity experience among progressive gay Muslims in North America: A qualitative study within Al-Fatiha. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7(2), 113–128. doi:10.1080/13691050412331321294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, B., DeBlaere, C., & Huang, Y.-P. (2010). Centralizing the experiences of LGB people of color in counseling psychology 1 7. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(3), 322–330. doi:10.1177/0011000008330832
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, B., & Hasan, N.T. (2004). Arab American persons’ reported experiences of discrimination and mental health: The mediating role of personal control. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(4), 418–428. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.4.418
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, B., Wiseman, M.C., DeBlaere, C., Goodman, M.B., Sarkees, A., Brewster, M.E., & Huang, Y.-P. (2010). LGB of color and white individuals’ perceptions of heterosexist stigma, internalized homophobia, and outness: Comparisons of levels and links. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(3), 397–424. doi:10.1177/0011000009335263
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow, S.L. (2005). Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 250–260. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nassar-McMillan, S.C., & Hakim-Larson, J. (2003). Counseling considerations among Arab Americans. Journal of Counseling & Development, 81, 150–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pachankis, J.E., & Goldfried, M.R. (2004). Clinical issues in working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41(3), 227–246. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.41.3.227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padela, A.I., & Heisler, M. (2010). The association of perceived abuse and discrimination after September 11, 2001, with psychological distress, level of happiness, and health status among Arab Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), 284–291. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.164954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks, C.W. (2005). Black men who have sex with men. In J. L. Chin (Ed.), The psychology of prejudice and discrimination: Bias based on gender and sexual orientation (Vol. 3, pp. 227-248), Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Szymanski, D.M., & Kashubeck-West, S. (2008). Mediators of the relationship between internalized oppressions and lesbian and bisexual women's psychological distress. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(4), 575–594. doi:10.1177/0011000007309490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanski, D.M., Kashubeck-West, S., & Meyer, J. (2008). Internalized heterosexism: Measurement, psychosocial correlates, and research directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(4), 525–574. doi:10.1177/0011000007309489
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, M., Liao, K.Y., Chao, R.C., Mallinckrodt, B., Tsai, P., & Botello-Zamarron, R. (2010). Minority stress, perceived bicultural competence, and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(4), 411–422. doi:10.1037/a0020790
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widner, D., & Chicoine, S. (2011). It's all in the name: Employment discrimination against Arab Americans. Sociological Forum, 26(4), 806–823. doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2011.01285.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar