The Postwar Black Women's Club Movement: The Intersection of Gender, Race, and American Political Development, 1940–1960

REFERENCES

• Andersen , Kristi . 1996 . After Suffrage: Women in Partisan and Electoral Politics Before the New Deal , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Boehm , Randolph , ed. 1994 . Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Records of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, 1895–1992. Part I , Bethesda, MD : University Publications of America .
   Google Scholar
• Boehm , Randolph , ed. 1995 . Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Records of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, 1895–1992. Part II , Bethesda, MD : University Publications of America .
   Google Scholar
• Burrell , Anna . 1947 . What We Can Do . National Notes , 8 March/April : 28
   Google Scholar
• Clemens , Elisabeth . 1993 . Organizational Repertoires and Institutional Change: Women's Groups and the Transformation of US Politics, 1890–1920 . American Journal of Sociology , 98 January : 755 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemens , Elisabeth . 1997 . The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890–1925 , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , Elizabeth Lindsay . 1996 [1933] . Lifting as They Climb , New York : G. K. Hall & Co . Reprint with an introduction by Sieglinde Lemke
   Google Scholar
• Dudziak , Mary . 2000 . Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gaines , Kevin K. 1996 . Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century , Chapel Hill, NC : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Giddings , Paula . 1984 . When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America , New York : Quill William Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , Linda . 1994 . Pitied But Not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare, 1890–1935 , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Higginbotham , Evelyn Brooks . 1997 . “ Clubwomen and Electoral Politics in the 1920s ” . In African American Women and the Vote 1837–1965 , Edited by: Gordon , Ann D. Amherst, MA : University of Massachusetts Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , Lu Ann . 1998 . In Search of Jennie Booth Moton, Field Agent, AAA . Agricultural History , 72 : 446 – 59 . Spring
   Google Scholar
• Kendrick, Ruby , M. 1990 . “ ‘They Also Serve’: The National Association of Colored Women, Inc ” . In Black Women in American History: The Twentieth Century , Edited by: Clark Hine , Darlene . Vol. 3 , 817 – 825 . New York : Carlson Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Knupfer , Anne Meis . 2006 . The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Layton , Azza Salama . 2000 . International Politics and Civil Rights Policies in the United States, 1941–1960 , Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lemke , Sieglinde . 1996 . “ Introduction ” . In Lifting as They Climb , Edited by: Lindsay Davis , Elizabeth . xv – xxxiii . G.K. Hall and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Lerner , Gerda . 1992 [1972] . Black Women in White America: A Documentary History , New York : Vintage Books .
   Google Scholar
• Mathews-Gardner , A. Lanethea . 2005 . The Political Development of Female Civic Engagement in Postwar America . Politics & Gender , 1 December : 547 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam , Doug . 1982 . Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970 , 2nd , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Minkoff , Deborah C. 1995 . Organizing for Equality: The Evolution of Women's and Racial-Ethnic Organizations in America, 1955–1985 , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Plummer , Brenda Gayle . 1996 . Rising Wind: Black Americans and US Foreign Affairs, 1935–1960 , Chapel Hill, NC : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , Robert . 2000 . Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revisal of American Community , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Ransby , Barbara . 2003 . Ella Baker & The Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision , Chapel Hill, NC : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Robett , Belinda . 1997 . How Long? How Long? African American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , Nikhil Pal . 2004 . Black Is a Country: Race and the Unfinished Struggle for Democracy , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Skocpol , Theda . 2003 . Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life , Norman, OK : University of Oklahoma Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , Stephanie J. 1991 . Black Clubwomen and the Creation of the National Association of Colored Women . Journal of Women's History , 3 : 10 – 25 . Fall
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , Ella P. 1951 . The Place of Women's Organizations in Our Society . National Notes , : 3 (Winter)
   Google Scholar
• Sundquist , James L. 1986 . Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years , Washington, DC : Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census . 1940 . The Census of the Population, Characteristics of the Population , Washington, DC : US Bureau of the Census .
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census . 1950 . The Census of the Population, Characteristics of the Population , Washington, DC : US Bureau of the Census .
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census . 1960 . The Census of the Population, Characteristics of the Population , Washington, DC : US Bureau of the Census .
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census . 1970 . The Census of the Population, Characteristics of the Population , Washington, DC : US Bureau of the Census .
   Google Scholar
• Wesley , Charles Harris . 1984 . History of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs: A Legacy of Service , Washington, DC : The Association .
   Google Scholar
• White , Deborah Gray . 1993 . “ The Cost of Club Work, The Price of Black Feminism ” . In Visible Women: New Essays on American Activism , Edited by: Nancy , W. Hewitt and Lebsock , Suzanne . 247 – 269 . Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• White , Deborah Gray . 1999 . Too Heavy a Load: Black Women in Defense of Themselves , New York : W.W. Norton & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Women's Clubs and Public Affairs . June 1950 . National Notes June , 24
   Google Scholar