AU4S: A novel synthetic peptide to measure the activity of ATG4 in living cells

References

• Klionsky DJ. Autophagy: from phenomenology to molecular understanding in less than a decade. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:931-7; PMID:17712358; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm2245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizushima N. Autophagy: process and function. Genes Dev 2007; 21:2861-73; PMID:18006683; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1599207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine B. Autophagy in development, tumor suppression, and innate immunity. Harvey Lect 2003; 99:47-76; PMID:15984551
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levine B, Deretic V. Unveiling the roles of autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7:767-77; PMID:17767194; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deretic V. Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity. Trends Immunol 2005; 26:523-8; PMID:16099218; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinsztein DC, Marino G, Kroemer G. Autophagy and aging. Cell 2011; 146:682-95; PMID:21884931; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulda S. Autophagy and cell death. Autophagy 2012; 8:1250-1; PMID:22575893; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.20669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Morgan MJ, Chen K, Choksi S, Liu ZG. Induction of autophagy is essential for monocyte-macrophage differentiation. Blood 2012; 119:2895-905; PMID:22223827; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-08-372383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komatsu M, Waguri S, Chiba T, Murata S, Iwata J, Tanida I, Ueno T, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Kominami E, et al. Loss of autophagy in the central nervous system causes neurodegeneration in mice. Nature 2006; 441:880-4; PMID:16625205; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine B. Cell biology: autophagy and cancer. Nature 2007; 446:745-7; PMID:17429391; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/446745a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mijaljica D, Prescott M, Devenish RJ. Autophagy in disease. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 648:79-92; PMID:20700706; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-756-3_5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deretic V, Saitoh T, Akira S. Autophagy in infection, inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:722-37; PMID:24064518; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavandero S, Troncoso R, Rothermel BA, Martinet W, Sadoshima J, Hill JA. Cardiovascular autophagy: concepts, controversies, and perspectives. Autophagy 2013; 9:1455-66; PMID:23959233; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.25969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Y, Zhao Y, Wang F, Tao L, Xiao J, Yang C. Autophagy in hepatic fibrosis. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:436242; PMID:24779010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakatogawa H, Ichimura Y, Ohsumi Y. Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein required for autophagosome formation, mediates membrane tethering and hemifusion. Cell 2007; 130:165-78; PMID:17632063; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu ZQ, Ni T, Hong B, Wang HY, Jiang FJ, Zou S, Chen Y, Zheng XL, Klionsky DJ, Liang Y, et al. Dual roles of Atg8-PE deconjugation by Atg4 in autophagy. Autophagy 2012; 8:883-92; PMID:22652539; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.19652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair U, Yen WL, Mari M, Cao Y, Xie Z, Baba M, Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ. A role for Atg8-PE deconjugation in autophagosome biogenesis. Autophagy 2012; 8:780-93; PMID:22622160; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.19385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakatogawa H, Ishii J, Asai E, Ohsumi Y. Atg4 recycles inappropriately lipidated Atg8 to promote autophagosome biogenesis. Autophagy 2012; 8:177-86; PMID:22240591; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.8.2.18373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marino G, Uria JA, Puente XS, Quesada V, Bordallo J, Lopez-Otin C. Human autophagins, a family of cysteine proteinases potentially implicated in cell degradation by autophagy. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:3671-8; PMID:12446702; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M208247200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabrera S, Fernandez AF, Marino G, Aguirre A, Suarez MF, Espanol Y, Vega JA, Laurà R, Fueyo A, Fernández-García MS, et al. ATG4B/autophagin-1 regulates intestinal homeostasis and protects mice from experimental colitis. Autophagy 2013; 9:1188-200; PMID:23782979; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.24797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuang E, Okumura CY, Sheffy-Levin S, Varsano T, Shu VC, Qi J, Niesman IR, Yang HJ, López-Otín C, Yang WY, et al. Regulation of ATG4B stability by RNF5 limits basal levels of autophagy and influences susceptibility to bacterial infection. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003007; PMID:23093945; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proenca CC, Stoehr N, Bernhard M, Seger S, Genoud C, Roscic A, Paganetti P, Liu S, Murphy LO, Kuhn R, et al. Atg4b-dependent autophagic flux alleviates Huntington's disease progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68357; PMID:23861892; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran E, Chow A, Goda T, Wong A, Blakely K, Rocha M, Taeb S, Hoang VC, Liu SK, Emmenegger U. Context-dependent role of ATG4B as target for autophagy inhibition in prostate cancer therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:726-31; PMID:24184480; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betin VM, Singleton BK, Parsons SF, Anstee DJ, Lane JD. Autophagy facilitates organelle clearance during differentiation of human erythroblasts: evidence for a role for ATG4 paralogs during autophagosome maturation. Autophagy 2013; 9:881-93; PMID:23508006; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.24172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Luo Q, Yuan L, Miao C, Mu X, Xiao W, Li J, Sun T, Ma E. JNK-dependent Atg4 upregulation mediates asperphenamate derivative BBP-induced autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:21-31; PMID:22668848; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.05.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farfariello V, Amantini C, Santoni G. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation induces autophagy in thymocytes through ROS-regulated AMPK and Atg4C pathways. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:421-31; PMID:22753949; http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0312123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkmaz G, le Sage C, Tekirdag KA, Agami R, Gozuacik D. miR-376b controls starvation and mTOR inhibition-related autophagy by targeting ATG4C and BECN1. Autophagy 2012; 8:165-76; PMID:22248718; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.8.2.18351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marino G, Salvador-Montoliu N, Fueyo A, Knecht E, Mizushima N, Lopez-Otin C. Tissue-specific autophagy alterations and increased tumorigenesis in mice deficient in Atg4C/autophagin-3. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:18573-83; PMID:17442669; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M701194200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanida I, Sou YS, Ezaki J, Minematsu-Ikeguchi N, Ueno T, Kominami E. HsAtg4B/HsApg4B/autophagin-1 cleaves the carboxyl termini of three human Atg8 homologues and delipidates microtubule-associated protein light chain 3- and GABAA receptor-associated protein-phospholipid conjugates. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:36268-76; PMID:15187094; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401461200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satoo K, Noda NN, Kumeta H, Fujioka Y, Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, Inagaki F. The structure of Atg4B-LC3 complex reveals the mechanism of LC3 processing and delipidation during autophagy. EMBO J 2009; 28:1341-50; PMID:19322194; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2009.80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Hou Y, Wang J, Chen X, Shao ZM, Yin XM. Kinetics comparisons of mammalian Atg4 homologues indicate selective preferences toward diverse Atg8 substrates. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:7327-38; PMID:21177865; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.199059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu CW, Drag M, Bekes M, Zhai D, Salvesen GS, Reed JC. Synthetic substrates for measuring activity of autophagy proteases: autophagins (Atg4). Autophagy 2010; 6:936-47; PMID:20818167; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.6.7.13075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Oshitani-Okamoto S, Ohsumi Y, Yoshimori T. LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:2805-12; PMID:15169837; http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemelaar J, Lelyveld VS, Kessler BM, Ploegh HL. A single protease, Apg4B, is specific for the autophagy-related ubiquitin-like proteins GATE-16, MAP1-LC3, GABARAP, and Apg8L. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:51841-50; PMID:14530254; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M308762200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, Abraham RT, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adeli K, Agholme L, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012; 8:445-544; PMID:22966490; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.19496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Chen X, Ye QZ, Vogt A, Yin XM. A high-throughput FRET-based assay for determination of Atg4 activity. Autophagy 2012; 8:401-12; PMID:22302004; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.18777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi KM, Nam HY, Na JH, Kim SW, Kim SY, Kim K, Kwon IC, Ahn HJ. A monitoring method for Atg4 activation in living cells using peptide-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles. Autophagy 2011; 7:1052-62; PMID:21610316; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.7.9.16451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayoral A, Barron H, Estrada-Salas R, Vazquez-Duran A, Jose-Yacaman M. Nanoparticle stability from the nano to the meso interval. Nanoscale 2010; 2:335-42; PMID:20644815; http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b9nr00287a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel AD, Pabo CO. Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Cell 1988; 55:1189-93; PMID:2849510; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90263-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fawell S, Seery J, Daikh Y, Moore C, Chen LL, Pepinsky B, Barsoum J. Tat-mediated delivery of heterologous proteins into cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:664-8; PMID:8290579; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.2.664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vives E, Brodin P, Lebleu B. A truncated HIV-1 Tat protein basic domain rapidly translocates through the plasma membrane and accumulates in the cell nucleus. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:16010-7; PMID:9188504; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.25.16010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherz-Shouval R, Shvets E, Fass E, Shorer H, Gil L, Elazar Z. Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4. EMBO J 2007; 26:1749-60; PMID:17347651; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu YT, Tan HL, Shui G, Bauvy C, Huang Q, Wenk MR, Ong CN, Codogno P, Shen HM. Dual role of 3-methyladenine in modulation of autophagy via different temporal patterns of inhibition on class I and III phosphoinositide 3-kinase. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10850-61; PMID:20123989; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.080796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zois CE, Giatromanolaki A, Sivridis E, Papaiakovou M, Kainulainen H, Koukourakis MI. “Autophagic flux" in normal mouse tissues: focus on endogenous LC3A processing. Autophagy 2011; 7:1371-8; PMID:21997374; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.7.11.16664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadia JS, Dowdy SF. Modulation of cellular function by TAT mediated transduction of full length proteins. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2003; 4:97-104; PMID:12678849; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203033487289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton PS, Conradi RA, Ho NF, Hilgers AR, Borchardt RT. How structural features influence the biomembrane permeability of peptides. J Pharm Sci 1996; 85:1336-40; PMID:8961149; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/js960067d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorko M, Langel U. Cell-penetrating peptides: mechanism and kinetics of cargo delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57:529-45; PMID:15722162; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2004.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard JP, Melikov K, Vives E, Ramos C, Verbeure B, Gait MJ, Chernomordik LV, Lebleu B. Cell-penetrating peptides. A reevaluation of the mechanism of cellular uptake. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:585-90; PMID:12411431; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M209548200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadia JS, Stan RV, Dowdy SF. Transducible TAT-HA fusogenic peptide enhances escape of TAT-fusion proteins after lipid raft macropinocytosis. Nat Med 2004; 10:310-5; PMID:14770178; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguchi A, Akuta T, Okuyama H, Senda T, Yokoi H, Inokuchi H, Fujita S, Hayakawa T, Takeda K, Hasegawa M, et al. Protein transduction domain of HIV-1 Tat protein promotes efficient delivery of DNA into mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:26204-10; PMID:11346640; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M010625200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li GH, Li W, Mumper RJ, Nath A. Molecular mechanisms in the dramatic enhancement of HIV-1 Tat transduction by cationic liposomes. FASEB J 2012; 26:2824-34; PMID:22447980; http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-203315
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyazaki M, Yoshida S, Sakai K, Zhang QZ, Takeshita M. Quantification of concanavalin A binding to rat brain microsomal membranes detected by fluorescence polarization technique. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1370:235-42; PMID:9545569; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2736(97)00268-X
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamaguchi Y, Matsubara Y, Ochi T, Wakamiya T, Yoshida Z. How the pi conjugation length affects the fluorescence emission efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13867-9; PMID:18816053; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja8040493
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niu SL, Massif C, Ulrich G, Ziessel R, Renard PY, Romieu A. Water-solubilisation and bio-conjugation of a red-emitting BODIPY marker. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:66-9; PMID:21088764; http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00693a
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li CH, Tu SC. Active site hydrophobicity is critical to the bioluminescence activity of Vibrio harveyi luciferase. Biochemistry 2005; 44:12970-7; PMID:16185065; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi050935y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang R, Deng L, Zhang T, Li J. Substituent effect on the photophysical properties, electrochemical properties and electroluminescence performance of orange-emitting iridium complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6833-41; PMID:22517492; http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2dt12206e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobek K. The influence of temperature on Coumarin 153 fluorescence kinetics. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:1547-57; PMID:21246263; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-011-0843-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suresh D, Lopes PS, Ferreira B, Figueira CA, Gomes CS, Gomes PT, Di Paolo RE, Maçanita AL, Duarte MT, Charas A, et al. Tunable fluorophores based on 2-(N-arylimino)pyrrolyl chelates of diphenylboron: synthesis, structure, photophysical characterization, and application in OLEDs. Chemistry 2014; 20:4126-40; PMID:24634317; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201303607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mocz G, Ross JA. Fluorescence techniques in analysis of protein-ligand interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1008:169-210; PMID:23729253; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-398-5_7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Venkatraman P, Nguyen TT, Sainlos M, Bilsel O, Chitta S, Imperiali B, Stern LJ. Fluorogenic probes for monitoring peptide binding to class II MHC proteins in living cells. Nat Chem Biol 2007; 3:222-8; PMID:17351628; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio868
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montano SJ, Lu J, Gustafsson TN, Holmgren A. Activity assays of mammalian thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase: fluorescent disulfide substrates, mechanisms, and use with tissue samples. Anal Biochem 2014; 449:139-46; PMID:24374250; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2013.12.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren X, Yang L, Tang F, Yan C, Ren J. Enzyme biosensor based on NAD-sensitive quantum dots. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:271-4; PMID:20627509; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alander J, Johansson K, Heuser VD, Farebo H, Jarvliden J, Abe H, Shibata A, Ito M, Ito Y, Morgenstern R. Characterization of a new fluorogenic substrate for microsomal glutathione transferase 1. Anal Biochem 2009; 390:52-6; PMID:19348782; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2009.03.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin JH, Tseng WL. A method for fluorescence sensing of adenosine and alkaline phosphatase based on the inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:379-85; PMID:23040372; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.059
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sartor G, Pagani R, Ferrari E, Sorbi RT, Cavaggioni A, Cavatorta P, Spisni A. Determining the binding capability of the mouse major urinary proteins using 2-naphthol as a fluorescent probe. Anal Biochem 2001; 292:69-75; PMID:11319819; http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.2001.5065
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang W, Chen Z, Billiar TR, Stang MT, Gao W. The carboxyl-terminal amino acids render pro-human LC3B migration similar to lipidated LC3B in SDS-PAGE. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74222; PMID:24040206; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothe K, Lin H, Lin KB, Leung A, Wang HM, Malekesmaeili M, Brinkman RR, Forrest DL, Gorski SM, Jiang X. The core autophagy protein ATG4B is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in CML stem/progenitor cells. Blood 2014; 123:3622-34; PMID:24755409; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-07-516807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries N, De Flora S. N-acetyl-l-cysteine. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1993; 17F:270-7; PMID:8412205; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240531040
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sen CK. Redox signaling and the emerging therapeutic potential of thiol antioxidants. Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 55:1747-58; PMID:9714292; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00672-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Oberley LW. The inhibition of catalase by glutathione. Free Radic Biol Med 1989; 7:595-602; PMID:2559882; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(89)90140-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen M, Hein S, Le DQ, Feng W, Foss M, Kjems J, Besenbacher F, Zou X, Bünger C. Free radicals generated by tantalum implants antagonize the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:214-20; PMID:23538094; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.041
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaminskyy VO, Zhivotovsky B. Free radicals in cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:86-102; PMID:24359220; http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li ZY, Yang Y, Ming M, Liu B. Mitochondrial ROS generation for regulation of autophagic pathways in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:5-8; PMID:21951851; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filomeni G, Desideri E, Cardaci S, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Under the ROS…thiol network is the principal suspect for autophagy commitment. Autophagy 2010; 6:999-1005; PMID:20639698; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.6.7.12754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafeiro E, Barr SG, Harrison JJ, Racz WJ. Effects of N-acetylcysteine and dithiothreitol on glutathione and protein thiol replenishment during acetaminophen-induced toxicity in isolated mouse hepatocytes. Toxicology 1994; 93:209-24; PMID:7974515; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(94)90079-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasassi T, Brunelli R, Costa G, De Spirito M, Krasnowska E, Lundeberg T, Pittaluga E, Ursini F. Thiol redox transitions in cell signaling: a lesson from N-acetylcysteine. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10:1192-202; PMID:20602078; http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lopes de Almeida JP, Saldanha C. Dithiothreitol revisited in red cells: a new head for an old hat. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2010; 46:51-6; PMID:20852362
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaubey S, Grover M, Tatu U. Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers gametocytogenesis in the malaria parasite. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16662-74; PMID:24755215; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.551549
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li B, Yi P, Zhang B, Xu C, Liu Q, Pi Z, Xu X, Chevet E, Liu J. Differences in endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling kinetics determine cell survival outcome through activation of MKP-1. Cell Signal 2011; 23:35-45; PMID:20727407; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.07.019
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai CW, Aronson DE, Snapp EL. BiP availability distinguishes states of homeostasis and stress in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:1909-21; PMID:20410136; http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E09-12-1066
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ni Z, Wang B, Dai X, Ding W, Yang T, Li X, Lewin S, Xu L, Lian J, He F. HCC cells with high levels of Bcl-2 are resistant to ABT-737 via activation of the ROS-JNK-autophagy pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:194-203; PMID:24576507; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar