Assessing the relationship between client-perpetrated violence and intentions to leave child welfare

References

• Auerbach, C., Schudrich, W. Z., Lawrence, C. K., Claiborne, N., & McGowan, B. G. (2014). Predicting turnover: Validating the intent to leave child welfare scale. Research on Social Work Practice, 24, 349–355. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731513494021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augsberger, A., Schudrich, W., McGowan, B. G., & Auerbach, C. (2012). Respect in the workplace: A mixed methods study of retention and turnover in the voluntary child welfare section. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 1222–1229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barling, J. (1996). The prediction, experience, and consequences of workplace violence. In G. VandenBos & E. Q. Bulatao (Eds.), Violence on the job: Identifying risks and developing solutions (pp. 29–49). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S., & Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 58, 469–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaver, H. W. (1999). Client violence against professional social workers: Frequency, worker characteristics, and impact on work job satisfaction, burnout, and health (Doctoral dissertation). Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 60, 2227–2421.
   Google Scholar
• Bonack, K., & Heckert, A. (2012). Predictors of secondary traumatic stress among children’s advocacy center forensic interviewers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 21, 295–314. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2012.647263
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyas, J. F., Wind, L. H., & Ruiz, E. (2013). Organizational tenure among child welfare workers, burnout, stress, and intent to leave: Does employment-based social capital make a difference? Children and Youth Services Review, 35, 1657–1669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler Institute for Families. (2014a). Intent to stay (Unpublished measure). University of Denver, Denver, CO.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, V. (2003). Verbal abuse in the workplace: How to protect yourself and help solve the problem. American Journal of Nursing, 103, 132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claiborne, N., Auerbach, C., Zeitlin, W., & Lawrence, C. K. (2015). Organizational climate factors of successful and not successful implementations of workforce innovations in voluntary child welfare agencies. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 39(1), 69–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csiernik, R., Smith, C., Dewar, J., Dromgole, L., & O’Neill, A. (2010). Supporting new workers in a child welfare agency: An exploratory study. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 25, 218–232.
   Google Scholar
• deGuzman, A., Carver-Roberts, T., Leake, R., & Rienks, S. (2020). Retention of child welfare workers: Staying strategies and supports. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 14, 60–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2019.1683121
   Google Scholar
• Dickinson, N. S., & Painter, J. S. (2009). Predictors of undesired turnover for child welfare workers. Child Welfare, 88, 187–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enosh, G., Tzafrir, S. S., & Stolovy, T. (2015). The development of client violence questionnaire (CVQ). Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9, 273–290. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689814525263
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, R. (2003). Social work in rural areas: A personal and professional challenge. Australian Social Work, 56, 209–219. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0312-407x.2003.00082.x
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths, A., & Royce, D. (2016). Unheard voices: Why former child welfare workers left their positions. Journal of Public Child Welfare. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2016.1232210
   Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing the conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50, 337–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, K. M., Cohen-Callow, A., Kim, H. J., & Hwang, J. (2010). Beyond intent to leave: Using multiple outcome measures for assessing turnover in child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 1380–1387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horejsi, C., Garthwait, C., & Rolando, J. (1994). A survey of threats and violence directed against child protection workers in a rural state. Child Welfare, 73, 173–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, S., Goddard, C., Cooper, J., Littlechild, B., & Wild, J. (2016). ‘If I feel like this, how does the child feel?’ Child protection workers, supervision, management and organisational responses to parental violence. Journal of Social Work Practice, 30, 5–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. (2013). Meta-analysis of turnover intention among child welfare workers (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://uh-ir.tdl.org/uh-ir/bitstream/handle/10657/412/KIM-DISSERTATION-2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
   Google Scholar
• Kim, H., & Kao, D. (2014). A meta-analysis of turnover intention predictors among US child welfare workers. Children and Youth Services Review, 47, 214–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laird, S. E. (2014). Training social workers to effectively manage aggressive parental behaviour in child protection in Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom. British Journal of Social Work, 44, 1967–1983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamothe, J., Couvrette, A., Lebrun, G., Yale-Souliere, G., Roy, C., Guay, S., & Geoffrion, S. (2018). Violence against child protection workers: A study of workers’ experiences, attributions, and coping strategies. Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 308–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlechild, B. (2005a). The nature and effects of violence against child-protection social workers: Providing effective support. The British Journal of Social Work, 35, 387–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlechild, B. (2005b). The stresses arising from violence, threats and aggression against child protection social workers. Journal of Social Work, 5, 61–82.
   Google Scholar
• Littlechild, B., Hunt, S., Goddard, C., Cooper, J., Raynes, B., & Wild, J. (2016). The effects of violence and aggression from parents on child protection workers’ personal, family, and professional lives. SAGE Open, 6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015624951
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald, G., & Sirotich, F. (2001). Reporting client violence. Social Work, 46, 107–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden, P., Campbell, A., & Taylor, B. (2015). Resilience and burnout in child protection social work: Individual and organisational themes from a systematic literature review. British Journal of Social Work, 45, 1546–1563.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhaul, K. M., Lipsomb, J., & Johnson, J. (2010). Assessing risk for violence on home health visits. Home Healthcare Nurse, 28, 278–289.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Middleton, J. S., & Potter, C. C. (2015). Relationship between vicarious traumatization and turnover among child welfare professionals. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 9(2), 195–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (1996). Violence in the workplace: Risk factors and prevention strategies. Current Intelligence Bulletin, 57 Publication No. 96–100. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/96-100/risk.html
   Google Scholar
• Radey, M., & Wilke, D. J. (2018). Client-perpetrated violence among frontline child welfare workers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518812792 journals.sagepub.com/home/jiv 
   Google Scholar
• Rey, L. (1996). What social workers need to know about client violence. Families in Society, 77, 33–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robson, A., Cossar, J., & Quayle, E. (2014). The impact of work-related violence towards social workers in children and family services. British Journal of Social Work, 44, 924–936. doi:https://doi.org/10.1092/bjsw/bcu015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. (2011). Client violence and its negative impacts on work attitudes of child protection workers compared to community service workers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 3338–3369. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510393002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistical Ppackage for Ssocial Ssciences (Version 25). (2017) [Computer software]. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services (2017). The child welfare workers safety guide. Retrieved from https://capacity.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/cbc/worker-safety-guide-cp-00121.pdf
   Google Scholar
• United States Government Accountability Office. (2003). Child welfare: HHS could play a greater role in helping child welfare agencies recruit and retain staff [GAO-03-357]. Washington DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Wilke, D. J., Radey, M., & Magruder, L. (2017). Recruitment and retention of child welfare workers in longitudinal research: Successful strategies from the Florida study of professionals for safe families. Children and Youth Services Review, 79, 122–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.05.013
   Google Scholar
• Williams, N. J., & Glisson, C. (2013). Reducing turnover is not enough: The need for proficient organizational cultures to support positive youth outcomes in child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review, 35, 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.002
   Google Scholar