1,362
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research

Feminine, Competent, Submissive: A Multimodal Analysis of Depictions of Women in U.S. Wartime Persuasive Messages During World War I and World War II

References

  • Acemoglu, D., Autor, D., & Lyle, D. (2004). Women, war and wages: The effect of female labor supply on the wage structure at midcentury. Journal of Political Economy, 112, 497–551.
  • Anderson, K. T. (1982). Last hired, first fired: Black women workers during World War II. The Journal of American History, 69(1), 82–97.
  • Banta, M. (1993). From “Harry Jim” to “St. James” in Life Magazine (1883–1916): Twitting the author; prompting the public. The Henry James Review, 14(3), 237–256.
  • Barthes, R. (1973). Mythologies. London, UK: Jonathon Cape.
  • Bates, B. (2003). Double V for Victory mobilizes Black Detroit, 1941–1946. In J. Theoharis & K. Woodard (Eds.), Freedom North: Black freedom struggles outside the South, 1940–1980 (pp. 17–39). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bellou, A., & Cardia, E. (2016) Occupations after WWII: The legacy of Rosie the Riveter. Explorations in Economic History, 62, 124–142.
  • Bernays, E. L. (1928). Propaganda. New York, NY: Ig Publishing.
  • Bird, W., & Rubenstein, H. (1998). Design for victory: World War II posters on the American home front (1st ed). Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press.
  • Black, J. (2001) Semantics and ethics of propaganda. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16(2/3), 121–137.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
  • Chandler, D. (2002). Semiotics: The basics. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Corner, J. (2007). Mediated politics, promotional culture and the idea of “propaganda.” Media, Culture & Society, 29(4), 669–677.
  • Dunleavy, D. J. (2015). A search for meaning in iconic news images of the Iraq War. Visual Communication Quarterly, 22(4), 197–205.
  • Ellul, J. (1965) Propaganda: The formation of men's attitudes. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Fischer, K. (1995). Autumn gospel: Women in the second half of life. New York, NY: Paulist Press.
  • Franke-Ruta, G. (2013, March 5). When America was female. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com.
  • Freeman, J. (1984). The distorting image: Women and advertising, 1900–1960 (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Massachusetts Amherst. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1529.
  • Grayzel, S. (2002). Women and the First World War. New York, NY: Longman.
  • Honey, M. (1983). The working-class woman and recruitment propaganda during World War II: Class differences in the portrayal of war work. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 8(4), 672–687.
  • Honey, M. (1984). Creating Rosie the Riveter: Class, gender, and propaganda during World War II. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
  • Honey, M. (1992). Breaking the ties that bind: Popular stories of the new woman, 1915–1930 (1st ed.). Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Humphries, J. (1976). Women: Scapegoats and safety valves in the Great Depression. Review of Radical Political Economics, 8(1), 98–121.
  • Jewitt, C. (2004). Multimodality and new communication technologies (Vol. 198). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
  • Johnson, M. S. (1994). The second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Jowett, G., & O'Donnell, V. (1986). Propaganda and persuasion (People and Communication, vol. 18). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Kimble, J. J., & Olson, L. C. (2006). Visual rhetoric representing Rosie the Riveter: Myth and misconception in J. Howard Miller's “We Can Do It!” poster. Rhetoric and Public Affairs, 9(4), 533–569.
  • Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Langford, E. (2018, January 24). Why did Rosie wear a bandana? [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://womensmuseum.wordpress.com/2018/01/24/why-did-rosie-wear-a-bandana/#_ednref4.
  • Lasswell, H. D. (1927). The theory of political propaganda. The American Political Science Review, 21(3), 627–631.
  • Lewis, C., & Neville, J. (1995). Images of Rosie: A content analysis of women workers in American magazine advertising, 1940–1946. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 72(1), 216–227.
  • Linder, A. (2016). World War I in 40 posters (1st ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion (vol. 1). Piscataway, NJ: Transaction.
  • Liu, J. (2013). Visual images interpretative strategies in multimodal texts. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 4(6), 1259–1263.
  • McCammon, H., Campbell, K. E., Granberg, E. M., & Mowery, C. (2001). How movements win: Gendered opportunity structures and U.S. women's suffrage movements, 1866 to 1919. American Sociological Review, 66(1), 49–70.
  • McCrann, G. (2009). Government wartime propaganda posters: Communicators of public policy. Behavioral and Social Sciences Librarian, 28(1/2), 53–73.
  • Monahan, E., & Neidel-Greenlee, R. (2010). A few good women: America's military women from World War I to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. New York, NY: Anchor Books, Division of Random House, Inc.
  • Moore, B. L. (2003) Serving our country: Japanese American women in the military during World War II. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • O'Keefe, D. (2016) Persuasion: Theory and research (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Peirce, C. (1931–1958). Collected writings (8 vols), ed. by C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss, & A. W. Burks. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Reichert, T. (2014). What is sex in advertising? Perspectives from consumer behavior and social science research. In T. Reichert & J. Lambiase (Eds.), Sex in advertising: Perspectives on the erotic appeal (pp. 11–38). London, UK: Routledge.
  • Rupp, L. J. (1978–2015). Mobilizing women for war: German and American propaganda, 1939–1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Shover, M. J. (1975). Roles and images of women in World War I propaganda. Politics and Society, 5(4), 469–486.
  • Tinkler, P., & Warsh, C. K. (2008). Feminine modernity in interwar Britain and North America: Corsets, cars, and cigarettes. Journal of Women's History, 20(3), 113–143.
  • Warren, D. (2016). Betty Grable: The reluctant movie queen. Hertford, NC: Crossroad Press.
  • Weldon, G. (2017, April 6). “The Hello Girls” chronicles the women who fought for America—and for recognition. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2017/04/06/522596006/the-hello-girls-chronicles-the-women-who-fought-for-america-and-for-recognition.
  • Yesil, B. (2004) “Who said this is a man's war?” Propaganda, advertising discourse and the representation of war worker women during the Second World War. Media History, 10(2), 103–117.
  • YWCA. (2017). Mission and vision. Available at http://www.ywca.org.
  • Zahora, J. (2007, August 26). Army policies don't keep women off front lines. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13961298.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.