111
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research

A Hero, a Ruler, and a Sidekick Walk into a Voting Booth: Visual Archetypal Characters and Their Stories in Editorial Cartoons After the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election

Pages 223-235 | Received 06 Sep 2021, Accepted 02 Nov 2021, Published online: 19 Dec 2022

References

  • Barthes, R. (1977). Image music text (S. Heath, trans). Hill and Wang.
  • Buell, E., & Maus, M. (1988). Is the pen mightier than the word? Editorial cartoons and 1988 presidential nominating politics. PS: Political Science and Politics, 21(4), 847–858.
  • Caldwell, M., & Henry, P. (2010). Construction audio-visual representations of consumer archetypes. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 13(1), 84–96.
  • Campbell, J. (1973). The hero with a thousand faces. Princeton University Press.
  • Caswell, L. S. (2004). Drawing swords: War in American editorial cartoons. American Journalism, 21(2), 13–45.
  • Chang, H.-M., Boladeras, M. D., & Catala, A. (2013). From mythology to psychology: Identifying archetypal symbols in movies. Technoetic Arts: A Journal of Speculative Research, 11(2), 99–113.
  • Conners, J. (2005). Visual representations of the 2004 presidential campaign. Political cartoons and popular culture references. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(3), 479–487.
  • Conners, J. (2014). ‘Binders of bayonets for Big Bird’: Analysis of political cartoon images of the 2012 presidential debates. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(9), 1144–1156.
  • Danjoux, I. (2007). Reconsidering the decline of the editorial cartoon. PS: Political Science and Politics, 40(2), 245–248.
  • DeSousa, M., & Medhurst, M. (1982). Political cartoons and American culture: Significant symbols of campaign 1980. Studies in Visual Communication, 8(1), 84–97.
  • Dewey, D. (2007). The art of ill will: The story of American political cartoons. New York University Press.
  • Dodds, K. (2010). Popular geopolitics and cartoons: Representing power relations, repetition, and resistance. Critical African Studies, 2(4), 113–131.
  • Edwards, J. (1997). Political cartoons in the 1988 presidential campaign. Image, metaphor, and narrative. Garland.
  • Edwards, J. (2001). Running in the shadows in campaign 2000: Candidate metaphors in editorial cartoons. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(12), 2140–2151.
  • Edwards, J., & McDonald II, C. A. (2010). Reading Hillary and Sarah: Contradictions of feminism and representation in 2008 campaign political cartoons. American Behavioral Scientist, 54(3), 313–329.
  • Eko, L. (2010). The art of criticism: How African cartoons discursively constructed African media realities in post-Cold War era. Critical African Studies, 2(4), 65–91.
  • Farber, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2009). Resonance to archetypes in media: There’s some accounting for taste. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 307–322.
  • Fischer, R. A. (1996). Them damned pictures. Explorations in American political cartoon art. Archon Books.
  • Foss, S. (2005). Theory of visual rhetoric. In K. Smith, S. Moriarty, G. Barbatis, & K. Kenney (Eds.), Handbook of visual communication: Theory, methods, and media (pp. 141–152). Routledge.
  • Giarelli, E. (2006). Images of cloning and stem cell research in editorial cartoons in the United States. Qualitative Health Research, 16(1), 61–78.
  • Greenberg, J. (2002). Framing and temporality in political cartoons: A critical analysis of visual news discourse. Canadian Review of Sociology, 39(2), 181–198.
  • Hankins, S. R. (1983). Archetypal alloy: Reagan’s rhetorical image. Central States Speech Journal, 34(1), 33–43.
  • Hart, D. W., & Brady, F. N. (2005). Spirituality and archetype in organizational life. Business Ethics Quarterly, 15(3), 409–428.
  • Johnson, G. W. (1958). The lines are drawn: American life since the First World War as reflected in the Pulitzer Prize cartoons. J. B. Lippincott.
  • Jones, J. (2021a, Jan. 18). Last Trump job approval 34%; average is record-low 41%. Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx
  • Jones, J. (2021b, July 23). Biden approval drops to 50%, lowest for him to date. Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/352733/biden-approval-drops-lowest-date.aspx
  • Jung, C. (1968). The archetype and the collective unconscious (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press.
  • Jung, C. (1977). The origin of the hero. In C. Jung, Symbols of transformation. An analysis of the prelude to a case of schizophrenia. In H. Read, M. Fordham, G. Adler, & W. McGuire (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung (Vol. 5, part II). Princeton University Press.
  • Kidd, M. A. (2016). Archetypes, stereotypes, and media representation in multi-cultural society. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 236, 25–28.
  • Lamb, C. (1996). Inky outlook. AAEC Notebook, p. 19.
  • Lamb, C. (2007). Drawing power. Journalism Studies, 8(5), 715–729.
  • Lule, J. (2001). Daily news, eternal stories: The mythological role of journalism. Guilford.
  • Mayer, J. (2021, August 9). The big money behind the big lie. The New Yorker, 30–41.
  • McGunnigle, C. (2018). The difference between heroes and monsters: Marvel monsters and their transition into the superhero genre. University of Toronto Quarterly, 87(1), 110–135.
  • Medhurst, M., & DeSousa, M. A. (1981). Political cartoons as rhetorical form: A taxonomy of graphic discourse. Communication Monographs, 48(3), 197–236.
  • Navasky, V. S. (2014). The art of controversy. Political cartoons and their enduring power. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Perrott, L. (2017). Bowie the cultural alchemist: Performing gender, synthesizing gesture, and liberating identity. Continuum Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 31(4), 528–541.
  • Schill, D. (2012). The visual image and the political image: A review of visual communication research in the field of political communication. Review of Communication, 12(2), 118–142.
  • Shadraconis, S. (2013). Leaders and heroes: Modern day archetypes. LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University, 3(1), 1–14.
  • Streicher, L. (1967). On theory of political caricature. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 9(4), 427–445.
  • Wang, A., Eason, A. D., & Akleman, E. (2019). A formal process to design visual archetypes based on character taxonomies. SIGGRAPH.
  • Wendling, M. (2021, January 6). QAnon: What is it and where did it come from? BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/53498434
  • Zimmerly, S. M. (2019). The sidekick comes of age. How young adult literature is shifting the sidekick paradigm. Lexington Books.
  • Zurbriggen, E., & Sherman, A. (2010). Race and gender in the 2008 U.S. presidential election: A content analysis of editorial cartoons. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 10(1), 1–25.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.