References
- American Psychological Association. (2020) APA LGBT resources and publications [website]. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/index.aspx.
- American Psychological Association Boys and Men Guidelines Group. (2018). APA guidelines for psychological practice with boys and men. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Boys and Men Guidelines Group. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/about/policy/boys-men-practice-guidelines.pdf.
- Ancis, J. R., Szymanski, D. M., & Ladany, N. (2008). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Counseling Women Competencies Scale (CWCS). The Counseling Psychologist, 36(5), 719–744. doi:10.1177/0011000008316325
- Anderssen, E. (2018, April 7). Rethinking therapy: How 45 questions can revolutionize mental health care in Canada. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-rethinking-therapy-how-45-questions-can-revolutionize-mental-health/.
- Attridge, M., Amaral, T., Bjornson, T., & Goplerud, E. (2010). Indicators of the quality of EAP services. EASNA Research Notes, 1(7), 1–5.
- Azzone, V., McCann, B., Merrick, E. L., Hiatt, D., Hodgkin, D., & Horgan, C. (2009). Workplace stress, organizational factors and EAP utilization. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 24(3), 344–356. doi:10.1080/15555240903188380
- Bartram, M., & Chodos, H. (2018). Expanding access to psychotherapy: Mapping lessons learned from Australia and the United Kingdom to the Canadian context. Ottawa, ON: Mental Health Commission of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/sites/default/files/2018-08/Expanding_Access_to_Psychotherapy_2018.pdf
- Bartram, M., & Stewart, J. M. (2019). Income-based inequities in access to psychotherapy and other mental health services in Canada and Australia. Health Policy, 123(1), 45–50. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.10.011
- B.C. Partners for Mental Health and Addictions Information. (2010). LGBT special issue. Visions, 6(2), 1–36. Retrieved from http://www.heretohelp.bc.ca/sites/default/files/visions_lesbian_gay_bt.pdf
- Baynton, M. A., & Fournier, L. (2017). The evolution of workplace mental health in Canada: Toward a standard for psychological health and safety. Winnipeg: Great-West Life Assurance Company. Retrieved from https://www.workplacestrategiesformentalhealth.com/pdf/articles/Evolution_Book.pdf.
- Blum, T. C., Roman, P. M., & Harwood, E. M. (2002). Employed women with alcohol problems who seek help from Employee Assistance Programs. In M. Galanter, H. Begleiter, R. Deitrich, D. Gallant, D. Goodwin, E. Gottheil, ... H. Edwards (Eds.), Recent developments in alcoholism (pp. 125–156). Boston, MA: Springer.
- Bowleg, L. (2012). The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality—an important theoretical framework for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 102(7), 1267–1273. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300750.
- Brodziaski, J. D., & Goyer, K. (1987). Employee Assistance Program utilization and client gender. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 3(1), 1–13. doi:10.1300/J022v03n01_01
- Cabral, R. R., & Smith, T. B. (2011). Racial/ethnic matching of clients and therapists in mental health services: A meta-analytic review of preferences, perceptions, and outcomes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4), 537–554. doi:10.1037/a0025266
- CAMH. (2017). CBT initiative referral information [website]. Retrieved from https://www.camh.ca/-/media/files/camh-cbt-initiative_referral-information-pdf.pdf?la=en&hash=445E5D035518B201C19C4D7148088F13AF1C0431.
- Canadian Association for Social Work Education. (2014). Standards for education. Retrieved from https://caswe-acfts.ca/wp-conent/uploads/2013/03/CASWE-ACFTS.Standards-11-2014-1.pdf.
- Canadian Counseling and Psychotherapy Association. (2017). Certification guide. Retrieved from https://www.ccpa-accp.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CertificationGuide_EN_2017.pdf.
- Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2018). Child and youth mental health in Canada: Infographic [website]. Retrieved from https://www.cihi.ca/en/child-and-youth-mental-health-in-canada-infographic.
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2015). Definitions of sex and gender [website]. Retrieved from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/47830.html.
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2018). Gender-based analysis plus (GBA+) at CIHR [website]. Retrieved from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50968.html
- Canadian Life and Health Insurance Industry. (2018). Canadian life and health insurance facts [website]. Retrieved from https://www.clhia.ca/web/clhia_lp4w_lnd_webstation.nsf/resources/Factbook_2/$file/2018+FB+EN.pdf.
- Canadian Psychological Association. (2011). Accreditation standards and procedures for doctoral programmes and internships in professional psychology. Retrieved from https://www.cpa.ca/docs/File/Accreditation/Accreditation_2011.pdf.
- Canadian Women’s Foundation. (2019). The #MeToo Movement in Canada. Retrieved from https://www.canadianwomen.org/the-facts/the-metoo-movement-in-canada/.
- Chiu, M., Amartey, A., Wang, X., & Kurdyak, P. (2018). Ethnic differences in mental health status and service utilization: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63(7), 481–491. doi:10.1177/0706743717741061
- Collins, S., & Arthur, N. (2010). Culture-infused counseling: A model for developing multicultural competence. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 23(2), 217–233. doi:10.1080/09515071003798212
- Community and Mental Health Team. (2016). Psychological therapies: Annual report on the use of IAPT services, England 2015–16. Leeds: Health and Social Care Information Center.
- Coudrict, T. W., Swisher, M., & Grissom, G. (1987). The role of gender in requests for help in Employee Assistance Programs. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 2(4), 1–12. doi:10.1300/J022v02n04_01
- Council on Accreditation. (2018). Employee Assistance Program services [website]. Retrieved from https://coanet.org/standard/eap/
- Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1(8), 139–167.
- Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. doi:10.2307/1229039.
- CSA Group & BNQ. (2013). CAN/CSA-Z1003-13/BNQ 9700-803/2013 National Standard of Canada: Psychological health and safety in the workplace. Mississauga, ON and Quebec, QC: CSA Group & BNQ.
- Csiernik, R. (2011). The glass is filling: An examination of Employee Assistance Program evaluations in the first decade of the new millennium. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 26(4), 334–355. doi:10.1080/15555240.2011.618438
- Davis, K. (2008). Intersectionality as buzzword: A sociology of science perspective on what makes a feminist theory successful. Feminist Theory, 9(1), 67–85. doi:10.1177/1464700108086364.
- Eady, A., Dobinson, C., & Ross, L. E. (2011). Bisexual people’s experiences with mental health services: A qualitative investigation. Community Mental Health Journal, 47(4), 378–389. doi:10.1007/s10597-010-9329-x
- Ellis, L. A., Collin, P., Davenport, T. A., Hurley, P. J., Burns, J. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2012). Young men, mental health, and technology: Implications for service design and delivery in the digital age. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(6), e160. doi:10.2196/jmir.2291
- Fogarty, A. S., Proudfoot, J., Whittle, E. L., Clarke, J., Player, M. J., Christensen, H., & Wilhelm, K. (2017). Preliminary evaluation of a brief web and mobile phone intervention for men with depression: Men’s positive coping strategies and associated depression, resilience, and work and social functioning. JMIR Mental Health, 4(3), e33. doi:10.2196/mental.7769
- Frey, J. J., Pompe, J., Sharar, D., Imboden, R., & Bloom, L. (2018). Experiences of internal and hybrid Employee Assistance Program managers: Factors associated with successful, at-risk, and eliminated programs. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 33(1), 1–23. doi:10.1080/15555240.2017.141629.
- Government of Canada. (2017). 2017 Public Service Employee Annual Survey results for the public service by question 30: What is your gender? [website]. Retrieved from https://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pses-saff/2017/results-resultats/bq-pq/00/dem908-eng.aspx#s2.
- Government of Canada. (2018a). A common statement of principles on shared health priorities [website]. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/corporate/transparency/health-agreements/principles-shared-health-priorities.html.
- Government of Canada. (2018b). Budget 2018: Historic investments for gender equality and a stronger middle class [website]. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/news/2018/03/budget-2018-historic-investments-for-gender-equality-and-a-stronger-middle-class.html.
- Government of Canada. (2018c). Population of the federal public service by department [website]. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/innovation/human-resources-statistics/population-federal-public-service-department.html.
- Hammer, J. H., & Vogel, D. L. (2010). Men’s help seeking for depression: The efficacy of a male-sensitive brochure about counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(2), 296–313. doi:10.1177/0011000009351937.
- Haring, R. C., Hudson, M., Erickson, L., Taualii, M., & Freeman, B. (2015). First nations, Maori, American Indians, and Native Hawaiians as sovereigns: EAP with indigenous nations within nations. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 30(1–2), 14–31. doi:10.1080/15555240.2015.998969.
- Hoy, S. (2012). Beyond men behaving badly: A metaethnography of men’s perspectives on psychological distress and help seeking. International Journal of Men's Health, 11(3), 202–226. doi:10.3149/jmh.1103.202
- Human Rights Campaign Foundation. (2018). Corporate equality index 2018: Rating workplaces on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer equality. Retrieved from https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/CEI-2018-FullReport.pdf?_ga=2.17369533.504477793.1541980257-1271910524.1541980257.
- Hunt, J. (2014). An initial study of transgender people’s experiences of seeking and receiving counseling or psychotherapy in the UK. Counseling and Psychotherapy Research, 14(4), 288–296. doi:10.1080/14733145.2013.838597.
- Jacobson, J. M., & Attridge, M. (2010). Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs): An allied profession for work/life. In S. Sweet & J. Casey (Eds.), Work and family encyclopedia. Chestnut Hill, MA: Sloan Work and Family Research Network.
- Jacobson, J. M., Jones, A. L., & Bowers, N. (2011). Using existing Employee Assistance Program case files to demonstrate outcomes. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 26(1), 44–58. doi:10.1080/15555240.2011.540983
- Keane, M. C., Roeger, L. S., Allison, S., & Reed, R. L. (2013). e-Mental health in South Australia: Impact of age, gender and region of residence. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 19(4), 331. doi:10.1071/PY13027
- King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self- harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 70. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
- Lal, S., & Adair, C. E. (2014). e-mental health: A rapid review of the literature. Psychiatric Services, 65(1), 24–32. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300009
- Lambert, M. J. (2016). Does client-therapist gender matching influence therapy course or outcome in psychotherapy? Evidence Based Medicine and Practice, 2(2), 1–8.
- Levy Merrick, E. S., Hodgkin, D., Horgan, C. M., Hiatt, D., McCann, B., Azzone, V., … McGuire, T. G. (2009). Integrated Employee Assistance Program/managed behavioral health care benefits: Relationship with access and client characteristics. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 36(6), 416–423. doi:10.1007/s10488-009-0232-0
- Mates in Construction. (2016). Suicide prevention in the construction industry [website]. Retrieved from http://matesinconstruction.org.au/.
- McCann, B. (2017). Reaching millennials: Responding to generational diversity in the workplace [website]. Arlington, VA: EAPA. Retrieved from http://www.eapassn.org/Reaching-Millennials
- McIntyre, J., Daley, A., Rutherford, K., & Ross, L. E. (2011). Systems-level barriers in accessing supportive mental health services for sexual and gender minorities: Insights from the provider’s perspective. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 30(2), 173–186. doi:10.7870/cjcmh-2011-0023
- Men’s Sheds Canada. (2018). Working together [website]. Retrieved from http://menssheds.ca/.
- Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2014). E-mental health in Canada: Transforming the mental health system using technology. Ottawa, ON: Mental Health Commission of Canada.
- Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2017a). Case study research project findings. Ottawa, ON: Mental Health Commission of Canada.
- Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2017b). Advancing the evolution: Insights into the state of e-mental health services in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Mental Health Commission of Canada.
- Meurk, C., Leung, J., Hall, W., Head, B. W., & Whiteford, H. (2016). Establishing and governing e-mental health care in Australia: A systematic review of challenges and a call for policy-focused research. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(1), e10. doi:10.2196/jmir.4827
- Milot, M. (2017). Evaluating benefit equity in outcomes among users of an Employee Assistance Program. EASNA Research Notes, 6(3), 1–7.
- Morneau Shepell. (2013). The digital age: How people are accessing EFAP services. Retrieved from http://www.morneaushepell.com/sites/default/files/documents/693-digital-age-how-users-access-efap-services-feb.12-2013/papersreports-feb.122013.pdf.
- Morneau Shepell. (2014). Online EFAP service offerings: Re-examining user demographics and access patterns. Retrieved from https://www.morneaushepell.com/sites/default/files/documents/3187-online-efap-service-offerings-re-examining-user-demographics-and-access-patterns/8611/reportmorneaushepelldigital-research1114_1.pdf.
- Morneau Shepell. (2018). Transgender issues and diversity in the workplace [website]. Retrieved from https://workplacelearning.morneaushepell.com/en/transgender-isuses-and-diversity-workplace.
- Musiat, P., Goldstone, P., & Tarrier, N. (2014). Understanding the acceptability of e-mental health - attitudes and expectations towards computerised self-help treatments for mental health problems. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 109. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-14-109.
- Navaneelan, T. (2017). Suicide rates: An overview. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-624-X. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-624-x/2012001/article/11696-eng.htm.
- Ogrodniczuk, J., Oliffe, J., Kuhl, D., & Gross, P. A. (2016). Men’s mental health: Spaces and places that work for men. Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien, 62(6), 463–464.
- Operational Stress Injury Social Support. (2018). Operational stress injury social support [website]. Retrieved from https://www.cfmws.com/en/AboutUs/DCSM/OSISS/Pages/Operational-Stress-Injury-Social-Support-(OSISS).aspx.
- Partners EAP. (2018). Gender transition at work [website]. Retrieved from https://eap.partners.org/WorkLife/LGBTQ/Gender_Transition_at_Work.asp.
- Pearson, C., Janz, T., & Ali, J. (2013, September). Mental and substance use disorders in Canada. Health at a Glance. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-624-X. 1–10.
- Pollack, K. M., Austin, W., & Grisso, J. A. (2010). Employee Assistance Programs: A workplace resource to address intimate partner violence. Journal of Women's Health, 19(4), 729–733. doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1495
- Powell, W., Adams, L. B., Cole-Lewis, Y., Agyemang, A., & Upton, R. D. (2016). Masculinity and race-related factors as barriers to health help-seeking among African American men. Behavioral Medicine (Medicine), 42(3), 150–163. doi:10.1080/08964289.2016.1165174
- RAND Europe. (2019). Research on work and wellbeing. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/health/work-and-wellbeing.html.
- Rickwood, D., Webb, M., Kennedy, V., & Telford, N. (2016). Who are the young people choosing web-based mental health support? Findings from the implementation of Australia’s national web-based youth mental health service, eheadspace. JMIR Mental Health, 3(3), e40. doi:10.2196/mental.5988
- Rutherford, K., McIntyre, J., Daley, A., & Ross, L. E. (2012). Development of expertise in mental health service provision for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities: Development of expertise in LGBT mental health. Medical Education, 46(9), 903–913.
- Seaton, C. L., Bottorff, J. L., Jones-Bricker, M., Oliffe, J. L., Deleenheer, D., & Medhurst, K. (2017). Men’s mental health promotion interventions: A scoping review. American Journal of Men's Health, 11(6), 1823–1837. doi:10.1177/1557988317728353
- Sen, G., Östlin, P., & George, A. (2007). Unequal, unfair, ineffective and inefficient gender inequity in health: Why it exists and how we can change it? [Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health]. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/csdh_media/wgekn_final_report_07.pdf.
- Shepps, H., & Greer, K. (2018). Exploring the impact of promotion on the use of EAP counseling: A retrospective analysis of postcards and worksite events for 82 employers at KGA. EASNA Research Notes, 7(2), 1–17.
- Smetanin, P., Stiff, D., Briante, C., Adair, C. E., Ahmad, S., & Khan, M. (2011). The life and economic impact of major mental illnesses in Canada: 2011 to 2041. Risk Analytica, on behalf of the Mental Health Commission of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/sites/default/files/MHCC_Report_Base_Case_FINAL_ENG_0_0.pdf
- Smith, L. C., Shin, R. Q., & Officer, L. M. (2012). Moving counseling forward on LGB and transgender issues: Speaking queerly on discourses and microaggressions. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(3), 385–408. doi:10.1177/0011000011403165
- Southwest Ontario Aboriginal Health Access Center. (2014). Ontario Indigenous Cultural Safety Program [website]. Retrieved from http://soahac.on.ca/ics-training/.
- Spetch, A., Howland, A., & Lowman, R. L. (2011). EAP utilization patterns and employee absenteeism: Results of an empirical, 3-year longitudinal study in a national Canadian retail corporation. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 63(2), 110–128. doi:10.1037/a0024690
- Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
- Statistics Canada. (2018a). Gender and sex variables [website]. Retrieved from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/definitions/gender-sex-variables.
- Statistics Canada. (2018b). Table 13-10-0096-04 perceived life stress, by age group (table). CANSIM (database). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1310009604
- Statistics Canada. (2018c). Table 13-10-0098-01 mental health characteristics and suicidal thoughts (table). CANSIM (database). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1310009801
- Stewart, K., & Dyck, D. R. (2014). LGBTQ youth suicide: Coroner/medical examiner investigative protocol. Retrieved from https://egale.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/LGBTQ-Youth-Suicide-Investigative-Protocol-Coroners-Medical-Examiners.pdf.
- Strauss, M., & Killion, R. (2010). LGBT clients: Best practices for informed EAP providers and organizations [slide presentation]. Retrieved from https://www.easna.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/LGBTBestPractices.pdf.
- Sunderland, A., & Findlay, L. C. (2013). Perceived need for mental health care in Canada: Results from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health. Statistics Canada Health Reports, 24(9), 3–9.
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Honouring the truth, reconciling for the future: Summary of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Winnipeg: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.
- Tsan, J. Y., & Day, S. X. (2007). Personality and gender as predictors of online counseling use. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 25(3), 39–55. doi:10.1300/J017v25n03_03
- Wabano (n.d). Indigenous Cultural Safety Training [website]. Retrieved from https://wabano.com/education/ics/.
- Wang, J. L., Lam, R. W., Ho, K., Attridge, M., Lashewicz, B. M., Patten, S. B., … Merali, Z. (2016). Preferred features of e-mental health programs for prevention of major depression in male workers: Results from a Canadian national survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(6), e132. doi:10.2196/jmir.5685.
- Ward, E. C., Clark, L. O., & Heidrich, S. (2009). African American women’s beliefs, coping behaviors, and barriers to seeking mental health services. Qualitative Health Research, 19(11), 1589–1601. doi:10.1177/1049732309350686
- Wilkins, D. (2015). How to make mental health services work for men. London, UK: Men’s Health Forum. Retrieved from https://www.menshealthforum.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdf/how_to_mh_v4.1_lrweb_0.pdf.
- Zarkin, G. A., Bray, J. W., Karuntzos, G. T., & Demiralp, B. (2001). The effect of an enhanced Employee Assistance Program (EAP) intervention on EAP utilization. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62(3), 351–358. doi:10.15288/jsa.2001.62.351