When Diagnosis Does Not Always Mean Disability: The Challenge of Employees with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

REFERENCES

• Adler , L. A. ( 2004 ). Clinical presentations of adult patients with ADHD . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 65 ( Suppl 3 ), 8 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 1994 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders () , 4th ed. . Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Arnst , C. ( 2003, October 27 ). Attention deficit: Not just kid stuff . Business Week , 3855 , 84 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Barkley , R. A. ( 1990 ). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment . New York : Guildford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Biederman , J. , Faraone , S. V. , Spencer , T. , Wilens , T. , Norman , D. , et al. . ( 1993 ). Patterns of psychiatric comormidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 52 , 464 – 470 .
   Google Scholar
• Boyle , M. A. ( 1997 ). Social barriers to successful reentry into mainstream organizational culture: Perceptions of people with disabilities . Human Resource Development Quarterly , 8 , 259 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , C. B. , & Ponterotto , J. G. ( 1998 ). Employment counseling for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Issues without answers . Journal of Employment Counseling , 35 ( 2 ), 79 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Dreu , C. K. , & Weingart , L. R. ( 2003 ). Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team Member satisfaction: A meta-analysis . Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 , 741 – 749 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission . ( 2004 ). Questions and answers about persons with intellectual disabilities in the workplace and the Americans with Disabilities Act . Retrieved December 1, 2007, from www.eeoc.gov/facts/intellectual_disabilities.html
   Google Scholar
• Florey , A. T. , & Harrison , D. A. ( 2000 ). Responses to informal accommodation requests from employees with disabilities: Multistudy evidence on willingness to comply . Academy of Management Journal , 43 , 224 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman , S. M. , & Keller , R. T. ( 1981 ). The handicapped in the workforce . Academy of Management Review , 6 , 449 – 458 .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , F. S. , & Hall , E. L. (1994). The ADA: Going beyond the law; Executive commentary. Academy of Management Executive , 8(1), 17–32.
   Google Scholar
• Hastings , R. R. ( 2006a ). Expert: Focus on behavior, not condition, with psychiatric disabilities . Society for Human Resource Management—Diversity Focus Area. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from www.shrm.org/diversity/library_published/nonIC/CMS_018560.asp
   Google Scholar
• Hastings , R. R. ( 2006b ). Experts: Psychiatric stigma takes many forms . Society for Human Resource Management—Diversity Focus Area. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from www.shrm.org/diversity/library_published/nonIC/CMS_019279.asp
   Google Scholar
• Hastings , R. R. ( 2006c ). Overcoming the stigma of mental illness . Society for Human Resource Management—Diversity Focus Area. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from www.shrm.org/diversity/library_published/nonIC/CMS_016756.asp
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , B. , & Farrugia , D. ( 1997 ). Diagnosis and treatment of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Journal of Counseling and Development , 75 , 312 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Jehn , K. ( 1995 ). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intergroup conflict . Administrative Science Quarterly , 40 , 245 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jehn , K. A. , Northcraft , G. B. , & Neale , M. A. ( 1999 ). Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict, and performance in workgroups . Administrative Science Quarterly , 44 , 741 – 763 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz , L. J. ( 2003 ). Providing opportunities in the workplace for individuals with ADD . Employment Relations Today , 30 , 29 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Kessler , R. C. , Adler , L. , Ames , M. , Barkley , R. A. , Birnbaum , H. , et al. . ( 2005a ). The prevalence and effects of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on work performance in a nationally representative sample of workers . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 47 , 565 – 572 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler , R. C. , Adler , L. , Ames , M. , Demler , O. , Faraone , S. , et al. ( 2005 ). The World Health Organization adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS: a short screening scale for use in the general population) . Psychological Medicine , 35 , 245 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitchen , S. G. ( 2006 ). Employees with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder . Job Accommodation Network, U.S. Department of Labor .
   Google Scholar
• Lamberg , L. ( 2003 ). ADHD often undiagnosed in adults . Journal of the American Medical Association , 290 , 1565 – 1567 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malko , S. R. ( 1998, February ). On the defensive with the ADA . HR Focus , 75 , 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Matza , L. S. , Paramore , C. , & Prasad , M. ( 2005 ). A review of the economic burden of ADHD . Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation , 3 , 1 – 9 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy , K. ( 2005 ). Psychosocial treatments for ADHD in teens and adults: A practice-friendly review . JCLP/In Session , 6 , 608 – 619 .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , K. R. , & Adler , L. A. ( 2004 ). Assessing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: Focus on rating scales . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 65 ( Suppl. 3 ), 12 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , K. R. , & Barkley , R. A. ( 1996 ). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: Comorbidity and adaptive impairments . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 37 , 393 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadeau , K. G. ( 2005 ). Career choices and workplace challenges for individuals with ADHD . JCLP/In Session , 61 , 549 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg , J. T. , John , O. P. , Blaskey , L. G. , Huang-Pollock , C. L. , Willicut , E. G. , et al.. (2002). Big Five dimensions and ADHD symptoms: Links between personality traits and clinical symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 83, 451–469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor , T. ( 2000 ). Managing employees' mental health: The emerging role of human resource professionals (SHRM White Paper). Society for Human Resource Management. Retrieved December 10, 2007, from www.shrm.org/hrresources/whitepapers_published/CMS_000177.asp
   Google Scholar
• Pliszka , S. R. ( 2000 ). ADHD in adults: A commentary . American Family Physician , 62 , 1983 – 1984 .
   Google Scholar
• Rudstam , H. , & Ruiz-Quintanilla , S. A. ( 2007 ). Disability-inclusive initiatives results in positive ROI . Society for Human Resource Management, HR Measurement Forum. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from www.shrm.org/metrics/library_published/nonIC/CMS_022963.asp
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , B. ( 2005 ). Understanding psychiatric disabilities (SHRM White Paper). Society for Human Resource Management. Retrieved December 10, 2007, from www.shrm.org/hrresources/whitepapers_published/CMS_014913.asp
   Google Scholar
• Searight , H. R. , Burke , J. M. , & Rottnek , F. ( 2000 ). Adult ADHD: Evaluation and treatment in family medicine . American Family Physician , 62 , 2077 – 2086 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Still , G. ( 1902 ). The Gloustonian lectures on some abnormal physical conditions in children: Lecture I . Lancet , 1 , 1008 – 1082 .
   Google Scholar
• Stone , D. L. , & Colella , A. ( 1996 ). A model of factors affecting the treatment of disabled individuals in organizations . Academy of Management Review , 21 , 352 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szegedy-Maszak , M. ( 2004, April 26 ). Driven to distraction. U.S. News & World Report, p. 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , E. W. , & Keltner , N. L. ( 2002 ). Messy purse girls: Adult females and ADHD . Perspectives in Psychiatric Care , 38 , 69 – 72 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wadsworth , J. S. , & Harper , D. C. ( 2007 ). Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Assessment and treatment strategies . Journal of Counseling & Development , 85 , 101 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , G. , & Hechtman , L. ( 1993 ). Hyperactive children grown up: ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weiss , M. , & Murray , C. ( 2003 ). Assessment and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 168 , 715 – 722 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , M. D. , & Weiss , J. R. ( 2004 ). A guide to the treatment of adults with ADHD . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 65 ( Suppl. 3 ), 27 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wender , P. H. ( 1985 ). The AQCC (Adult Questionnaire Childhood Characteristics) scale . Psychopharmacology Bulletin , 21 , 927 – 928 .
   Google Scholar
• Wender , P. H. ( 1995 ) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wender , P. H. ( 1998 ). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults . Psychiatric Clinics in North America , 21 , 761 – 774 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyld , D. C. ( 1996 ). The “ADHD card” coping with adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the American workplace . Equal Opportunities International , 15 , 22 – 33 .
   Google Scholar