175
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Commentary

Traditional medicine preparations and health risks: time to revisit their regulatory status

Pages 79-80 | Received 07 Nov 2016, Accepted 08 Nov 2016, Published online: 24 Nov 2016

References

  • Rahman MM, Chowdhury UK, Mukherjee SC, et al. Chronic arsenic toxicity in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India – a review and commentary. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39:683–700.
  • Tseng CH, Huang YK, Huang YL, et al. Arsenic exposure, urinary arsenic speciation, and peripheral vascular disease in blackfoot disease-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005;206:299–308.
  • Steinmaus CM, Ferreccio C, Romo JA, et al. Drinking water arsenic in northern chile: high cancer risks 40 years after exposure cessation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22:623–630.
  • Fuge R, Anthropogenic sources. In: Selinus O, Alloway B, Centeno JA, et al., editors. Essentials of medical geology: revised edition. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 59–74.
  • Carneiro MF, Evangelista FS, Barbosa F Jr. Manioc flour consumption as a risk factor for lead poisoning in the Brazilian Amazon. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A. 2013;76:206–216.
  • Hepp NM. Determination of total lead in 400 lipsticks on the U.S. market using a validated microwave-assisted digestion, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. J Cosmet Sci. 2012;63:159–176.
  • Bocca B, Pino A, Alimonti A, et al. Toxic metals contained in cosmetics: a status report. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014;68:447–467.
  • Lin WH, Wang MC, Cheng WC, et al. Lead intoxication caused by traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Am J Med. 2012;125:e7–e8.
  • Lin GZ, Wu F, Yan CH, et al. Childhood lead poisoning associated with traditional Chinese medicine: a case report and the subsequent lead source inquiry. Clin Chim Acta. 2012;413:1156–1159.
  • Chan H, Billmeier GJ Jr, Evans WE, et al. Lead poisoning from ingestion of Chinese herbal medicine. Clin Toxicol. 1977;10:273–281.
  • Yuan X, Koh HL, Chui WK. The analysis of heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicine by flow injection-mercury hydride system and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Phytochem Anal. 2009;20:293–297.
  • Iwegbue CM. Evaluation of human exposure to metals from some popular brands of underarm cosmetics in Nigeria. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015;72:630–638.
  • Mahaja R, Mehta V, Midha V, et al. Lead intoxication due to Ayurvedic medications as a cause of abdominal pain in adults. Clin Toxicol. Forthcoming.
  • Saper RB, Phillips RS, Sehgal A, et al. Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US- and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold via the Internet. JAMA. 2008;300:915–923.
  • Directive 2004/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending, as regards traditional herbal medicinal products, Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use, European Parliament (2004).
  • FDA Guidance Document on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Products; 2007.
  • Prevention CfDCa. Lead poisoning in pregnant women who used ayurvedic medications from India — New York City, 2011–2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012 Aug 24; 61:641–646.
  • Breeher L, Mikulski MA, Czeczok T, et al. A cluster of lead poisoning among consumers of Ayurvedic medicine. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2015;21:303–307.
  • Martena MJ, Van Der Wielen JCA, Rietjens IMCM, et al. Monitoring of mercury, arsenic, and lead in traditional Asian herbal preparations on the Dutch market and estimation of associated risks. Food Addit Contam: Part A. 2010;27:190–205.
  • Garvey GJ, Hahn G, Lee RV, et al. Heavy metal hazards of Asian traditional remedies. Int J Environ Health Res. 2001;11:63–71.
  • Bolan S, Naidu R, Kunhikrishnan A, et al. Speciation and bioavailability of lead in complementary medicines. Sci Total Environ. 2016;539:304–312.
  • Baer RD, Ackerman A. Toxic Mexican folk remedies for the treatment of empacho: the case of azarcon, greta, and albayalde. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988;24:31–39.
  • Cooper K, Noller B, Connell D, et al. Public health risks from heavy metals and metalloids present in Traditional Chinese Medicines. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part A. 2007;70:1694–1699.
  • Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Rep. 2008;12:1–23.
  • Clarke TC, Black LI, Stussman BJ, et al. Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: United States, 2002–2012. Natl Health Stat Rep. 2015;79:1–12.
  • Rosenberg M. The European Academy of Ayurveda: 20 years of Ayurvedic education in Germany. Anc Sci Life. 2012;32:63–65.
  • NIH/NCCIH [Internet]. Ayurvedic Medicine: In Depth. 2013 [cited 2015 Jan]. Available from: https://nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm#refs.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.